Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averagedover daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the monthly climatology rain-flagged rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
NONE
EARTH SCIENCE
Dataset Creation via Metadata Tool
English
NASA Aquarius project
NASA/GSFC OBPG
Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd.; Greeenbelt, MD., 20771, USA
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Monthly Climatology Data
Aquarius Sea Surface Salinity Products
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Monthly Climatology Data V5.0
Geoscientific Information
Oceans
Geographic Region
Global
AQUARIUS SAC-D
Aquarius SAC-D
Aquarius Radiometer
Aquarius Scatterometer
CEOS IDN DIF
Aquarius Project NASA/CONAE
Data Center Contact
Aquarius_SAC-D
AQUARIUS_SCATTEROMETER
AQUARIUS_RADIOMETER
USA/NASA
1 Month
Climatology
SALINITY/DENSITY
OCEANS
SALINITY
The ACSPO G16/ABI L3C (Level 3 Collated) product is a gridded version of the ACSPO G16/ABI L2P product available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/ABI_G16-STAR-L2P-v2.70. The L3C output files are 1hr granules in netCDF4 format, compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). There are 24 granules per 24hr interval, with a total data volume of 0.2GB/day. Fill values are reported at all invalid pixels, including pixels with 5 km inland. For each valid water pixel (defined as ocean, sea, lake or river, and up to 5 km inland), the following layers are reported: SSTs, ACSPO clear-sky mask (ACSM; provided in each grid as part of l2p_flags, which also includes day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags), NCEP wind speed, and ACSPO SST minus reference (Canadian Met Centre 0.1deg L4 SST; available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/CMC0.1deg-CMC-L4-GLOB-v3.0). All valid SSTs in L3C are recommended for users. Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (SSES bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel with valid SST. The ACSPO VIIRS L3U product is monitored and validated against iQuam in situ data (Xu and Ignatov, 2014) in SQUAM (Dash et al, 2010).
None
NOAA/NESDIS USA, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD, 20746
NOAA/NESDIS
Camp Springs, MD (USA)
GHRSST NOAA/STAR GOES-16 ABI L3C America Region SST dataset in GDS2
GHRSST Sea Surface Temperature 30W-135W and 65N-50S, at 0.036 degree resolution from GOES-16 ABI
GHRSST NOAA/STAR GOES-16 ABI L3C America Region SST v2.70 dataset in GDS2
Western Atlantic
Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 16
Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature
GHRSST
GOES-16
ABI
60 Minute
OCEAN TEMPERATURE
SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE
OSCAR (Ocean Surface Current Analysis Real-time) contains near-surface ocean current estimates, derived using quasi-linear and steady flow momentum equations. The horizontal velocity is directly estimated from sea surface height, surface vector wind and sea surface temperature. These data were collected from the various satellites and in situ instruments. The model formulation combines geostrophic, Ekman and Stommel shear dynamics, and a complementary term from the surface buoyancy gradient. Data are on a 1/3 degree grid with a 5 day resolution. OSCAR is generated by Earth Space Research (ESR) https://www.esr.org/research/oscar/oscar-surface-currents/
none
Dataset Policy created for OSCAR_L4_OC_third-deg
ESR
Earth Space Research
JPL
OSCAR third degree resolution ocean surface currents
OSCAR third deg
JASON-1 RADAR ALTIMETER
National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-17
Topography Experiment/Poseidon
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F11
European Remote Sensing 1 altimeter
Star Camera Assembly
Meteorological Operational Satellite - A
JASON-1 MICROWAVE RADIOMETER
Ocean Surface Topography Mission/Jason-2
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F14
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer-2
Radar Altimeter 2
Ocean Surface Current Analysis
POSEIDON Solid State Radar Altimeter
European Remote Sensing Satellite-1
TOPEX ALTIMETER
GRACE-FO K-Band Ranging System
OSTM/Jason-2 RADAR alitmieter
National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-20
SeaWinds Scatterometer
Advanced Microwave Radiometer
National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-19
POSEIDON-3B
GEOSAT FOLLOW-ON-1
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F13
GRACE-FO SuperSTAR Accelerometer
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer-3
Jason-3
European Remote Sensing Satellite-2
QUIKSCAT
National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-16
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F10
JASON-1
National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-14
Environmental Satellite
Geosat Follow On Altimeter
Special Sensor Microwave Imager
European Remote Sensing 2 altimeter
TOPEX MICROWAVE RADIOMETER
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
JASON-1 Microwave Radiometer
SEAWINDS
METOP-A
DMSP 5D-2/F13
SSALT
ALT (TOPEX)
NOAA-19
NOAA-16
GFO
OSTM/JASON-2
JASON-3
TMR
ENVISAT
GRACE SCA
AVHRR-3
RA-2
GFO Altimeter
DMSP 5D-2/F10
AMR
ERS-2 Altimeter
NOAA-14
ERS-2
ERS-1 ALTIMETER
POSEIDON-2
DMSP 5D-2/F14
POSEIDON-3
AVHRR-2
DMSP 5D-2/F11
NOAA-20
TOPEX/POSEIDON
GRACE
GRACE-FO ACC
ERS-1
NOAA-17
GRACE-FO KBR
SSM/I
OSCAR
5 Day
OCEAN CIRCULATION
OCEAN CURRENTS
This dataset contains in situ depth measurements from Singlebeam Echo Sounder System (SBES) instruments. These depths were used to map the bathymetry around ocean terminating glaciers of Greenland. The bathymetry mapping is part of the Oceans Melting Greenland (OMG) project. The goal of the project is to find out what contributions the ocean has on Greenland's melting glaciers. The SBES was onboard a ship so the tracks are not of a swath, but less regularly patterned as the ship is limited as to where it can traverse due to floating glaciers, ice cover and general weather conditions.
OMG
NASA/JPL/OMG
NASA/JPL
OMG Swath Gridded Singlebeam Echo Sounding (SBES) Bathymetry
North America
Oceans Melting Greenland
Multiple Singlebeam Echo Sounder Systems (SBES)
OMG Vessels
OMGSHIP_SBES
SBES
BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY
BATHYMETRY
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, thermal-IR SST level 3, 4km, daily, daytime product.
OBPG
OBPG, Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD,US
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 4km Daytime
MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped SST
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 4km Daytime v2014.0
Earth Observing System, TERRA
Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
Earth Observing System
EOS
MODIS
Terra
1 Day
The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) is a well calibrated passive microwave radiometer, similar to the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), that contains lower frequency channels required for sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals. The TRMM is part of the NASA's mission to planet Earth, and is a joint venture between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to measure precipitation, water vapor, sea surface temperature (SST) and surface wind in the global tropical regions and was launched in 27 November 1997 from the Tanegashima Space Center in Tanegashima, Japan. The TRMM satellite travels west to east in a 402 km altitude semi-equatorial processing orbit that results in day-to-day changes in the observation time of any given earth location between 38S and 38N. Remote Sensing Systems (REMSS) has produced a Version-7.1a TMI SST dataset for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) by applying an algorithm to the 10.7 GHz channel through a removal of surface roughness effects. In contrast to infrared SST observations, microwave retrievals can be measured through clouds, which are nearly transparent at 10.7 GHz. Microwave retrievals are also insensitive to water vapor and aerosols. The algorithm for retrieving SSTs from radiometer data is described in "AMSR Ocean Algorithm."
Remote Sensing Systems (REMSS)
Remote Sensing Systems
Santa Rosa, CA, USA
GHRSST Level 3U Global Subskin Sea Surface Temperature from TMI onboard TRMM satellite
TMI 25km gridded SST data set
TRMM Microwave Imager
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission
TMI
TRMM
This European Remote Sensing (ERS) Sigma-0 dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at Brigham Young University (BYU) and is generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at BYU. The dataset provides SIR processed Sigma-0 data from the ERS-1 C-band scatterometer, which is also known as the Active Microwave Instrument (AMI). AMI is a multimode radar operating at a frequency of 5.3 GHz (C-band), using vertically polarized antennas for both transmission and reception. The SIR technique results in an enhanced resolution image reconstruction and gridded on an equal-area grid (for non-polar regions) at 8.9 km pixel resolution stored in SIR files; polar regions are gridded at the same resolution using a polar-stereographic technique. A non-enhanced version is provided at 44.5 km pixel resolution in a format known as GRD (i.e., gridded) files. All files are produced in IEEE formatted binary. All data files are separated and organized by region, parameter, and sampling technique (i.e., SIR vs. GRD). The regions of China and Japan are combined into a single region. In addition to Sigma-0, various statistical parameters are provided for added guidance, including but not limited to: standard deviation, measurement counts, pixel time, Sigma-0 error, and average incidence angle. This dataset was once distributed on tape, but has been made available on FTP thanks to the BYU SCP.
BYU/SCP
PO.DAAC
ERS-1 Gridded Level 3 Enhanced Resolution Sigma-0 from BYU
South America
Scatterometry Climate Record Pathfinder
Active Microwave Instrument
SCP
AMI
6 Day
6 to 18 Days
SEA ICE
RADAR
CRYOSPHERE
SPECTRAL/ENGINEERING
ICE EXTENT
SIGMA NAUGHT
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data setis the Monthly sea surface salinity smoothed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Smoothed Standard Mapped Image Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Smoothed Standard Mapped Image Monthly Data V5.0
This dataset is derived under the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) project and contains value-added Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) ocean surface winds from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F08 platform. The CCMP datasets combine cross-calibrated satellite winds obtained from Remote Sensing Systems (REMSS) using a Variational Analysis Method (VAM) to produce a high-resolution (0.25 degree) gridded analysis. Wind directions from the resulting analysis are assigned to the location and time of the satellite-derived wind speed observations to create this value added dataset. The CCMP data set includes cross-calibrated satellite winds derived from SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR-E, TRMM TMI, QuikSCAT, SeaWinds, WindSat and other satellite instruments as they become available from REMSS. REMSS uses a cross-calibrated sea-surface emissivity model function which improves the consistency between wind speed retrievals from microwave radiometers (i.e., SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR, TMI, and WindSat) and those from scatterometers (i.e., QuikSCAT and SeaWinds). The VAM combines these data with in situ measurements and a starting estimate (first guess) of the wind field. The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-40 Reanalysis is used as the first-guess from 1987 to 1998. The ECMWF Operational analysis is used from January 1999 onward. All wind observations and analysis fields are referenced to a height of 10 meters. The ERA-40 can be obtained from the Computation and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR): http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds117.0/. The ECMWF Operational analysis can also be obtained from CISL at NCAR: http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds111.1/. Three products are distributed to complete the CCMP dataset series. L3.0 product contains high-resolution analyses every 6-hours. These data are then time averaged over monthly and 5-day periods to derive the L3.5 product. Directions from the L3.0 product are then assigned to the time and location of the passive microwave satellite wind speed observations to derive the L2.5 product. All datasets are distributed on a 0.25 degree cylindrical coordinate grid. This dataset is one in a series of First-Look (FLK) CCMP datasets and is a continuation and expansion of the SSM/I surface wind velocity project that began under the NASA Pathfinder Program. Refinements and upgrades to the FLK version will be incorporated under a new release (date to be determined) known as Late-look (LLK) and may include additional satellite datasets. All satellite surface wind data are obtained from REMSS under the DISCOVER project: Distributed Information Services: Climate/Ocean Products and Visualizations for Earth Research (http://www.discover-earth.org/index.html). The CCMP project is the result of an investigation funded by the NASA Making Earth Science data records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program (http://community.eosdis.nasa.gov/measures/). In accordance with the MEaSUREs program, the CCMP datasets are also known as Earth System Data Records (ESDRs). In collaboration with private and government institutions, a team led by Dr. Robert Atlas (PI; proposal originally solicited by REASoN, and currently funded by MEaSURES) has created the CCMP project to provide multi-instrument ocean surface wind velocity ESDRs, with wide ranging research applications in meteorology and oceanography.
Dataset Creation
NASA/GSFC/NOAA
Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform Ocean Surface Wind Vector L2.5 First-Look SSM/I-F08 Microwave Analyses
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F08
Making Earth Science Data Records for Use in Research Environments
MEaSUREs
DMSP 5D-2/F8
12 Hour
OCEAN WINDS
SURFACE WINDS
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution density data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Annual, Ascending sea surface densityproduct for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Ascending Annual Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Ascending Annual Data V5.0
1 Year
DENSITY
These files contain NASA produced skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Infrared (IR) channels of the Visible and Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi-NPP satellite. VIIRS is a multi-disciplinary instrument that is also being flown on the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) series of spacecraft, of which NOAA-20 is the first. JPSS is a multi-agency program that consolidates the polar orbiting spacecraft of NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Suomi-NPP is the initial spacecraft in this series, and VIIRS is the successor to MODIS for Earth science data. VIIRS has 22 spectral bands ranging from 412 nm to 12 micron . There are 16 moderate-resolution bands (750m at nadir), 5 image-resolution bands (375 m), and one day-night band (DNB). VIIRS uses on-board pixel aggregation to reduce the growth in size of pixels away from nadir. Two SST products are contained in these files. The first is a skin SST produced separately for day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST products from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second triple channel SST product is generated using the 3.7 , 11 and 12 micron IR channels, identified as SST_triple. Due to the sun glint in the 3.7 micron SST_triple can only be used at night. VIIRS L2P SST data have a 750 spatial resolution at nadir and are stored in ~288 five minute granules per day. Full global coverage is obtained each day. The production of VIIRS NASA L2P SST files is part of the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) project and is a joint collaboration between the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG), and the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS). Researchers at RSMAS were responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging, while the OBPG, as the NASA ground data system, is responsible for the production of VIIRS ocean products. JPL acquires VIIRS ocean granules from the OBPG and reformats them to the GHRSST L2P netCDF specification with complete metadata and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. In mid-August, 2018, the RSMAS involvement in the VIIRS SST project ceased, and the subsequent fields are not maintained.The R2016.2 supersedes the previous v2016.0 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/GHVRS-2PN16
JPL/OBPG/RSMAS
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, CA, USA
GHRSST Level 2P Global Skin Sea Surface Temperature from VIIRS produced by JPL
VIIRS L2P swath SST data set
GHRSST Level 2P Global Sea Surface Skin Temperature from the Visible and Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on the Suomi-NPP satellite (GDS2)
Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership
Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite
Information on the the VIIRS SST algorithm can be found in the following documents: http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/jpss/documents/ATBD/D0001-M01-S01-010_JPSS_ATBD_VIIRS-SST_A.pdf
SUOMI-NPP
VIIRS
This dataset contains the Version 1.0 CYGNSS Level 2 Ocean Surface Heat Flux Science Data Record, which provides the time-tagged and geolocated ocean surface heat flux parameters with 25x25 kilometer footprint resolution from the Delay Doppler Mapping Instrument (DDMI) aboard the CYGNSS satellite constellation. The reported sample locations are determined by the specular points corresponding to the Delay Doppler Maps (DDMs). Only one netCDF-4 data file is produced each day (each file containing data from a combination of up to 8 unique CYGNSS spacecraft) with a latency of approximately 1 to 2 months from the last recorded measurement time. Version 1.0 represents the first release. The Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS), launched on 15 December 2016, is a NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder Mission that was launched with the purpose to collect the first frequent space-based measurements of surface wind speeds in the inner core of tropical cyclones. Made up of a constellation of eight micro-satellites, the CYGNSS observatories provide nearly gap-free Earth coverage with a mean (i.e., average) revisit time of seven hours and a median revisit time of three hours. The 35 degree orbital inclination allows CYGNSS to measure ocean surface winds between approximately 38 degrees North and 38 degrees South latitude using an innovative combination of all-weather performance Global Positioning System (GPS) L-band ocean surface reflectometry to penetrate the clouds and heavy precipitation. The Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) algorithm is what is used in this dataset to estimate the latent and sensible heat fluxes and their respective transfer coefficients. While COARE's initial intentions were for low to moderate wind speeds, the version used for this product, COARE 3.5, has been verified with direct in situ flux measurements for wind speeds up to 25 m/s. As CYGNSS does not provide air/sea temperature, humidity, surface pressure or density, the producer of this dataset obtains these values from the NASA Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2), which uses data assimilation to combine all available in situ and satellite observation data with an initial estimate of the atmospheric state, provided by a global atmospheric model. Since the MERRA-2 data is only updated on monthly intervals, this corresponding heat flux dataset is likewise updated on a monthly interval to reflect the latest data available from MERRA-2, thus accounting for measurement latency, with respect to CYGNSS observables, ranging from 1 to 2 months. The data from this release compares well with in situ buoy data, including: Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO), National Data Buoy Center (NDBC), Ocean Sustained Interdisciplinary Time-series Environment observation System (OceanSITES), Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA), Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA), and the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) array. As this marks only the first data release, future work is expected to provide comparisons and validation with various field campaigns (e.g., PISTON, CAMP2Ex) as well as more buoy data, especially at higher flux estimates.
CYGNSS
CYGNSS Level 2 Ocean Surface Heat Flux Science Data Record
CYGNSS Level 2 Ocean Surface Heat Flux Science Data Record Version 1.0
Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System
Delay Doppler Mapping Instrument
NASA/ESSP/UMICH/CYGNSS
DDMI
OCEAN HEAT BUDGET
HEAT FLUX
Day and night spatially gridded global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODST-MO4D4
NASA OBPG
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 4km Daytime
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 4km Daytime V2019.0
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature (SST) analysis produced daily on an operational basis at the Canadian Meteorological Center. This dataset merges infrared satellite SST at varying points in the time series from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) from NOAA-18,19, the European Meteorological Operational-A (METOP-A) and Operational-B (METOP-B), and microwave data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) onboard the GCOM-W satellite in conjunction with in situ observations of SST from drifting buoys and ships from the ICOADS program. It uses the previous days analysis as the background field for the statistical interpolation used to assimilate the satellite and in situ observations. This dataset adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.
Canada Meteorological Center
Dorval, QC, Canada
GHRSST Level 4 CMC0.1deg Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis (GDS version 2)
CMC 0.1 deg global sea surface temperature analysis
InSitu
Ships and Moored and Drifting Buoys
Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2
Global Change Observation Mission 1st - Water (SHIZUKU)
Meteorological Operational Satellite - B
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
CMC
GCOM-W1
AVHRR
AMSR2
METOP-B
Please acknowledge the use of these data with the following statemenThese data were provided by GHRSST and Environment Canada
This dataset is derived under the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) project and contains value-added TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) ocean surface winds from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) platform. The CCMP datasets combine cross-calibrated satellite winds obtained from Remote Sensing Systems (REMSS) using a Variational Analysis Method (VAM) to produce a high-resolution (0.25 degree) gridded analysis. Wind directions from the resulting analysis are assigned to the location and time of the satellite-derived wind speed observations to create this value added dataset. The CCMP data set includes cross-calibrated satellite winds derived from SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR-E, TRMM TMI, QuikSCAT, SeaWinds, WindSat and other satellite instruments as they become available from REMSS. REMSS uses a cross-calibrated sea-surface emissivity model function which improves the consistency between wind speed retrievals from microwave radiometers (i.e., SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR, TMI, and WindSat) and those from scatterometers (i.e., QuikSCAT and SeaWinds). The VAM combines these data with in situ measurements and a starting estimate (first guess) of the wind field. The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-40 Reanalysis is used as the first-guess from 1987 to 1998. The ECMWF Operational analysis is used from January 1999 onward. All wind observations and analysis fields are referenced to a height of 10 meters. The ERA-40 can be obtained from the Computation and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR): http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds117.0/. The ECMWF Operational analysis can also be obtained from CISL at NCAR: http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds111.1/. Three products are distributed to complete the CCMP dataset series. L3.0 product contains high-resolution analyses every 6-hours. These data are then time averaged over monthly and 5-day periods to derive the L3.5 product. Directions from the L3.0 product are then assigned to the time and location of the passive microwave satellite wind speed observations to derive the L2.5 product. All datasets are distributed on a 0.25 degree cylindrical coordinate grid. This dataset is one in a series of First-Look (FLK) CCMP datasets and is a continuation and expansion of the SSM/I surface wind velocity project that began under the NASA Pathfinder Program. Refinements and upgrades to the FLK version will be incorporated under a new release (date to be determined) known as Late-look (LLK) and may include additional satellite datasets. All satellite surface wind data are obtained from REMSS under the DISCOVER project: Distributed Information Services: Climate/Ocean Products and Visualizations for Earth Research (http://www.discover-earth.org/index.html). The CCMP project is the result of an investigation funded by the NASA Making Earth Science data records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program (http://community.eosdis.nasa.gov/measures/). In accordance with the MEaSUREs program, the CCMP datasets are also known as Earth System Data Records (ESDRs). In collaboration with private and government institutions, a team led by Dr. Robert Atlas (PI; proposal originally solicited by REASoN, and currently funded by MEaSURES) has created the CCMP project to provide multi-instrument ocean surface wind velocity ESDRs, with wide ranging research applications in meteorology and oceanography.
Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform Ocean Surface Wind Vector L2.5 First-Look TMI Microwave Analyses
Tropics
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonaltime scales. This particular data set is the monthly climatology wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Monthly Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Monthly Climatology Data V5.0
A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 3 Collated (L3C) dataset derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the European Meteorological Operational-B (MetOp-B) platform (launched 17 Sep 2012). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near real time from Metop/AVHRR. Global AVHRR level 1b data are acquired at Meteo-France/Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system. SST is retrieved from the AVHRR infrared channels (3.7, 10.8 and 12.0 micrometer) using a multispectral algorithm. Atmospheric profiles of water vapor and temperature from a numerical weather prediction model, together with a radiatiave transfer model, are used to correct the multispectral algorithm for regional and seasonal biases due to changing atmospheric conditions. This global L3C product isderived from full resolution AVHRR l1b data that are re-mapped onto a 0.05 degree grid twice daily. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2.
EUMETSAT/OSI SAF
EUMETSAT Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility, Meteo-France/CMS, Lannion, France
EUMETSAT Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility, Lannion, France
NAR AVHRR SST
MetOp-B AVHRR NAR SST data set
GHRSST L3C global sub-skin Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on Metop satellites (currently Metop-B) (GDS V2) produced by OSI SAF
EUMETSAT
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is a NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project is comprised of two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. Underway physical data from 6 cruises undertaken by the schooner Lady Amber during the SPURS-2 field campaign include along-track meteorological, salinity snake and fixed-hull CTD measurements at 1m and 2 m intake depths. Comparisons with nearby Revelle data facilitate evaluation of uncertainties arising from collecting data from a sailboat, and the characterization of small-scale spatial variability in the ocean and atmosphere. Data files are in netCDF CD/ACDD standards compliant format.
Drushka, K., W. Asher, J. Schanze and L. Rainville
SPURS Data Management PI, Fred Bingham
Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
SPURS-2 S/V Lady Amber underway Thermosalinograph and Sea Snake data for the E. Tropical Pacific field campaign
SPURS Field Campaign PALS Products
Eastern Tropical Pacific
Sailing Vessel Schooner Lady Amber
Conductivity, Temperature, Depth
NASA Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study
SPURS Project
S/V Lady Amber
SPURS
CTD
Continuous
PRECIPITATION
ATMOSPHERE
PRECIPITATION RATE
CONDUCTIVITY
WATER TEMPERATURE
The NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) Level 3 daily gridded ocean wind vectors are provided at 0.5 degree spatial resolution for ascending and descending passes; wind vectors are averaged at points where adjacent passes overlap. Wind vectors are not considered valid in rain contaminated regions; rain flags and precipitation information are not provided. Data is flagged where measurements are either missing, ambiguous, or contaminated by land/sea-ice. This is the most up-to-date version, which designates the final phase of calibration, validation and science data processing, which was completed in November of 1998, on behalf of the JPL NSCAT Project; wind vectors are processed using the NSCAT-2 geophysical model function.
15-JUN-09 Manually Migrated from Ingres
NASA/JPL/PO.DAAC
NSCAT Level 3 Daily Gridded Ocean Surface Wind Vectors
NSCAT Level 3 Daily Gridded Ocean Surface Wind Vectors (JPL)
NASA Scatterometer
Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-I
NASA/JPL/PODAAC
NSCAT
ADEOS-I
This dataset is designed to compliment the SeaWinds on ADEOS-II Level 3 ocean surface wind vector dataset through the inclusion of AMSR corrections and precipitation rates. Data is provided daily and partitioned according to ascending and descending passes; where multiple passes occur over a given point, data from the most recent pass over-writes the earlier (adjacent) pass. Wind vectors are accurate to within 2 m/s (vector speed) and 20 degrees (vector direction). Rain flags are provided for each wind vector cell to assist in identifying potential rain contamination. This product utilizes JPL's most up-to-date calibration, validation, and science data processing from the QSCAT-1/F13 geophysical model function, adopted in July of 2006.
SeaPAC
SeaWinds on ADEOS-II L3 Ocean Wind Vectors w/AMSR corrections (JPL)
SeaWinds on ADEOS-II
Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer
Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II
AMSR
ADEOS-II
Version 5.0 Aquarius CAP Level 3 products are the fourth release of the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mapped salinity and wind speed data based on the Combined Active Passive (CAP) algorithm. CAP Level 3 standard mapped image products contain gridded 1 degree spatial resolution salinity and wind speed data averaged over 7 day and monthly time scales. This particular dataset is the monthly wind speed V5.0 Aquarius CAP product. CAP is a P.I. produced dataset developed and provided by JPL. The CAP algorithm utilizes data from both the onboard radiometer and scatterometer to simultaneously retrieve salinity, wind speed and direction by minimizing the sum of squared differences between model and observations. The main improvements in CAP V5.0 relative to the previous version include: updates to the Geophysical Model Functions to 4th order harmonics with the inclusion of sea surface temperature (SST) and stability at air-sea interface effects; use of the Canadian Meteorological Center (CMC) SST product as the new source ancillary sea surface temperature data in place of NOAA OI SST. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Simon Yueh
JPL - Simon Yueh
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA91109, USA
Aquarius CAP Sea Surface Salinity and Wind Products
Aquarius CAP Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Monthly Data V5.0
Aquarius Project NASA/CONAE, JPL
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is an oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-1 campaign involved a series of 5 cruises during 2012 - 2013 seeking to characterize the salinity structure and balance in a high salinity, high evaporation, and low rainfall region of the subtropical North Atlantic. It aims to resolve processes responsible for maintaining the subtropical surface salinity maximum in this region and within a 900 x 800-mile square study area centered at 25N, 38W. Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) provide water column current velocity profile observations. Shipborne ADCP data were collected during the 3 US cruises, using the Knorr and Endeavor 300 kHz Workhorse, 75 khz broadband and 75 khz narrowband instruments, and during the Sarmiento cruise using a 76.8 khz broadband ADCP. Corresponding ruise dates were as follows: Knorr: 6 Sept-9 Oct 2012; Sarmiento: 14 Mar-10 Apr 2013, Endeavor: 15 Mar-15 Apr 2013 and 19 Sep-13 Oct 2013. Additionally, lowered ADCP (L-ADCP) measurements were made during the Knorr cruise on every CTD cast and during the Sarmiento cruise. The ADCP data files here (1 per cruise) are for the shipborne ADCP measurements only.
SPURS PROJECT, Fred Bingham
Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, University on North Carolina, Wilmington, NC, USA
SPURS-1 shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler data for N. Atlantic Endeavor and Knorr cruises
SPURS Field Campaign ADCP Products
SPURS-1 N.Atlantic Salinity maximum region
R/V Knorr (WHOI)
R/V Sarmiento De Gamboa (SPAIN)
R/V Endeavor (WHOI)
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
R/V Sarmiento
R/V Endeavor
R/V Knorr
ADCP
TEMPERATURE PROFILES
CURRENT VELOCITY
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODTM-AN9N4
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST MID-IR Annual 9km Nighttime
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST MID-IR Annual 9km Nighttime V2019.0
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODAM-8D9N4
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR 8 Day 9km Nighttime
MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped SST
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR 8 Day 9km Nighttime V2019.0
Earth Observing System, AQUA
Aqua
8 Day
A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the European Meteorological Operational-A (MetOp-A; launched 19 Oct 2006) ) satellite produced and used operationally in oceanographic analyses and forecasts by the US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO). The MetOp satellite program is a European undertaking providing weather data services for monitoring climate and improving weather forecasts. It was jointly established by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) with a contribution by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of an AVHRR sensor identical to those flying on the family of Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES). AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micrometer) and near-infrared (0.9 micrometer) regions, the third one is located around 3.5 micrometer, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micrometers, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micrometer. Typically the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive SST sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The MetOp-A platform is sun synchronous generally viewing the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent) due to the relatively large AVHRR swath of approximately 2400 km. The highest ground resolution that can be obtained from the current AVHRR instruments is 1.1 km at nadir. This particular dataset is produced from Global Area Coverage (GAC) data that are derived from an on-board sample averaging of the full resolution global AVHRR data. Four out of every five samples along the scan line are used to compute on average value and the data from only every third scan line are processed, yielding an effective 4 km resolution at nadir. Further binning and averaging of these pixels results in a final dataset resolution of 8.8 km.
2007-09-25 B. McKenzie: Original
Naval Oceanographic Office
Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
GHRSST Level 2P Global Bulk Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the MetOp-A satellite produced by NAVO
METOP-A AVHRR GAC L2P swath SST data set
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, seasonal, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the seasonal climatology, ascending ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Climatology Data V5.0
National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-11
National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-9
National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration-7
Aquarius Project NASA/OBPG, Reynolds & Smith NOAA/NCDC
NOAA-11
NOAA-9
NOAA-7
3 Month
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the 7-Day,Ascending sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending 7-Day Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending 7-Day Data V5.0
7 Day
This dataset contains the RapidScat Level 2B 12.5km Version 1.0 Climate quality ocean surface wind vectors. The Level 2B wind vectors are binned on a 12.5 km Wind Vector Cell (WVC) grid and processed using the using the "full aperture" normalized radar cross-section (NRCS, a.k.a. Sigma-0) from the L1B dataset. RapidScat is a Ku-band dual beam circular rotating scatterometer retaining much of the same hardware and functionality of QuikSCAT, with exception of the antenna sub-system and digital interface to the International Space Station (ISS) Columbus module, which is where RapidScat is mounted. The NASA mission is officially referred to as ISS-RapidScat. Unlike QuikSCAT, ISS-RapidScat is not in sun-synchronous orbit, and flies at roughly half the altitude with a low inclination angle that restricts data coverage to the tropics and mid-latitude regions; the extent of latitudinal coverage stretches from approximately 61 degrees North to 61 degrees South. Furthermore, there is no consistent local time of day retrieval. This dataset is provided in a netCDF-3 file format that follows the netCDF-4 classic model (i.e., generated by the netCDF-4 API) and made available via PO.DAAC Drive and OPeNDAP. For data access, please click on the "Data Access" tab above. This climate quality data set differs from the nominal "slice" L2B dataset as follows: 1) it uses full antenna footprint measurements (~20-km) without subdividing by range (~7-km) and 2) the absolute calibration has been modified for the two different low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) mode data sets: LowSNR1 14 August 2015 to 18 September 2015; LowSNR2 6 October 2015 to 7 February 2016. The above enhancements allow this dataset to provide consistent calibration across all SNR states. Low SNR periods and other key quality control (QC) issues are tracked and kept up-to-date in PO.DAAC Drive at https://podaac-tools.jpl.nasa.gov/drive/files/allData/rapidscat/ancillary/revtime.csv. If you have any questions, please visit our user forums: https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/forum/.
RapidScat Project
RapidScat Level 2B Climate Ocean Wind Vectors in 12.5km Footprints
Rapid Scatterometer
International Space Station
International Space Station Rapid Scatterometer
ISS-RapidScat
ISS
ISS_RapidScat
RapidScat
A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-18 platform (launched 20 May 2005) produced and used operationally in oceanographic analyses and forecasts by the US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO). The AVHRR is a space-borne scanning sensor on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) family of Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) having a operational legacy that traces back to the Television Infrared Observation Satellite-N (TIROS-N) launched in 1978. AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micrometer) and near-infrared (0.9 micrometer) regions, the third one is located around 3.5 micrometer, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micrometers, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micrometer. Typically the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive SST sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The NOAA platforms are sun synchronous generally viewing the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent) due to the relatively large AVHRR swath of approximately 2400 km. The highest ground resolution that can be obtained from the current AVHRR instruments is 1.1 km at nadir. AVHRR data are acquired in three formats: High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT), Local Area Coverage (LAC), and Global Area Coverage (GAC). HRPT data are full resolution image data transmitted to a ground stations as they are collected. LAC are also full resolution data, but the acquisition is prescheduled and recorded with an on-board tape recorder for subsequent transmission during a station overpass. This particular dataset is produced from GAC data that are derived from an on-board sample averaging of the full resolution global AVHRR data. Four out of every five samples along the scan line are used to compute on average value and the data from only every third scan line are processed, yielding an effective 4 km resolution at nadir. Further binning and averaging of these pixels results in a final dataset resolution of 8.8 km.
GHRSST Level 2P Global 1m Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-18 satellite produced by NAVO
N-18 AVHRR GAC L2P swath SST data set
The version 5.0 Aquarius Level 2 product Cal product includes only the instrumental wiggle correction and is part of the official end of mission release of the orbital/swath data from AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The Aquarius Level 2 data set contains sea surface salinity (SSS) and wind speed data derived from 3 different radiometers and the onboard scatterometer. Included also in the Level 2 data are the horizontal and vertical brightness temperatures (TH and TV) for each radiometer, ancillary data,flags, converted telemetry and navigation data. Each data file covers one 98 minute orbit. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath. Enhancements to the version 5.0 Level 2 data relative to v4.0 include: improvement of the salinity retrieval geophysical model for SST bias, estimates of SSS uncertainties (systematic and random components), and inclusion of a new spiciness variable.
Aquarius Official Release Level 2 Sea Surface Salinity & Wind Speed Cal Data V5.0
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is a NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project is comprised of two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. Part of the Argo global network of autonomous, self-reporting samplers, Argo floats drift horizontally and move vertically through the water column generally on 10 day cycles, collecting high-quality temperature, conductivity and salinity depth (CTD) profiles from the upper 2000m. Four of the Twenty five floats deployed during SPURS-2 within the campaign spatial domain and time period were additionally equipped with acoustic rain gauges (PAL - Passive Acoustic Listeners). SPURS-2 ARGO-PAL data files are in netCDF/CF-compliant data format and organized per float. Float identifiers associated with ARGO CTD data are referenced in the metadata of the related PAL files.
Stephen Riser & Jie Yang
SPURS-2 Passive Accoustic Listener (PAL) data from ARGO float deployments during the E. Tropical Pacific field campaign
Vaisalla sonde humidity sensor
ARGO profiler floats
ARGO
HUMIDITY SENSORS
PRECIPITATION AMOUNT
This dataset is produced by the Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) instrument onboard the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG-1), Meteosat-8 satellite (launched on 28 August 2002). The dataset covers the Indian Ocean region with latitude of 60S-60N and longitude of 135W-15W. Level-3C SST, in the NetCDF format recommended by Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST), is identical to Level-2P GHRSST products, 3 refers to gridded products and C to the fact that hourly products result from compositing 15 minutes (MSG) or 30 minutes (GOES-E) data.The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), OSI SAF is producing SST products in near real time from MSG/SEVIRI. SEVIRI level 1.5 data are acquired at Meteo-France/Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system. SST is retrieved from the SEVIRI infrared channels (10.8 and 12.0 micrometer) using a multispectral algorithm. Atmospheric profiles of water vapor and temperature from a numerical weather prediction model, together with a radiatiave transfer model, are used to correct the multispectral algorithm for regional and seasonal biases due to changing atmospheric conditions. Every 15 minutes slot is processed at full satellite resolution. The operational products are then produced by remapping over a 0.05-degree regular grid (60S-60N and 135W-15W) SST fields obtained by aggregating all 15-minute SST data available in one-hour time, and the priority being given to the value the closest in time to the product nominal hour. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2.
SEVIRI Indian Ocean SST
SEVIRI Indian Ocean SST data set
GHRSST Level 3C Indian-Ocean (IO) sub-skin Sea Surface Temperature from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on MSG1 in GDS2 format produced by OSISAF
Indian Ocean
Meteosat Second Generation 2
Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager
MSG2
SEVIRI
1 Hour
The monthly land mass grids contain water mass anomalies given as equivalent water thickness derived from GRACE & GRACE-FO time-variable gravity observations during the specified timespan, and relative to the specified time-mean reference period. The Equivalent water thickness represents the total terrestrial water storage anomalies from soil moisture, snow, surface water (incl. rivers, lakes, reservoirs etc.), as well as groundwater and aquifers. A glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) correction has been applied, and standard corrections for geocenter (degree-1), C20 (degree-20) and C30 (degree-30) are incorporated. Post-processing filters have been applied to reduce correlated errors. Version 03 (v03) of the terrestrial water storage data uses updated and consistent C20 and Geocenter corrections (i.e., Technical Notes TN-14 and TN-13).Data grids are provided in ASCII/netCDF/GeoTIFF formats. For the RL06 version, all GRACE products in the ASCII format have adopted the YAML encoding header, which is in full compliance with the PO.DAAC metadata best practices.
Felix Landerer
TELLUS
JPL TELLUS GRACE Level-3 Monthly Land Water-Equivalent-Thickness Surface Mass Anomaly Release 6.0 in netCDF/ASCII/GeoTIFF Formats
TELLUS_GRAC_L3_JPL_RL06_LND_v03
JPL TELLUS GRACE Level-3 Monthly Land Water-Equivalent-Thickness Surface Mass Anomaly Release 6.0 version 03 in netCDF/ASCII/GeoTIFF Formats
GRACE SuperSTAR Accelerometer
GRACE K-Band Ranging System
NASA/JPL/GRACE-TELLUS-0001
GRACE ACC
GRACE KBR
GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD
SOLID EARTH
GRAVITY
This dataset contains the Version 1.3 ISS-RapidScat Level 2A 25km science data record, which provides surface-flagged sigma-0 in 25km Wind Vector Cells processed using the pulse "egg" Sigma-0 data provided by the Level 1B dataset. Version 1.3 is intended as a replacement and continuation of the Version 1.1 and 1.2 data forward from orbital revolution number 7873, corresponding to 11 February 2016; on 11 Feb 2016, RapidScat entered it's 3rd low signal to noise ratio (SNR) state and the initial calibration of low SNR 3 was preliminary during the Version 1.2 release. The fundamental difference between Version 1.3 and the previous Version 1.2 datasets is that the L1B sigma-0 has been re-calibrated during the periods of low SNR states 3 and 4 using re-pointed QuikSCAT data. Due to the circular scan of the SeaWinds instrument the expected number of Sigma-0 cells per WVC is not constant. To minimize the L2A data volume, the Sigma-0 cell data are stored as "lists" for each WVC row, with each list indexed by a "cell_index" array to indicate the cross-track WVC membership of the data. Each cell is then checked for land or ice and flagged accordingly. Attenuation corrections for each Sigma-0 measurement are also provided. Data are provided in single-orbit files in HDF-4 format. RapidScat is a Ku-band dual beam circular rotating scatterometer retaining much of the same hardware and functionality of QuikSCAT, with exception of the antenna sub-system and digital interface to the International Space Station (ISS) Columbus module, which is where RapidScat is mounted. The NASA mission is officially referred to as ISS-RapidScat. Unlike QuikSCAT, ISS-RapidScat is not in sun-synchronous orbit, and flies at roughly half the altitude with a low inclination angle that restricts data coverage to the tropics and mid-latitude regions; the extent of latitudinal coverage stretches from approximately 61 degrees North to 61 degrees South. Furthermore, there is no consistent local time of day retrieval. If you have any questions or concerns, please visit our Forum at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/forum/.
RapidScat Level 2A Surface Flagged Sigma-0 and Attenuations in 25Km Swath Grid
RapidScat Level 2A Surface Flagged Sigma-0 and Attenuations in 25Km Swath Grid Version 1.3
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODSA-8D9N4
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 9km Nighttime
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 9km Nighttime V2019.0
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODSA-AN9D4
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 9km Daytime
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 9km Daytime V2019.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonaltime scales. This particular data set is the seasonal climatology, Ascending sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Climatology Data V5.0
SPICE
This is a near real time dataset that provides a GPS based orbit and Sea Surface Height Anomalies (SSHA) from that orbit. It is similar to the Jason-3 Operation Geophysical Data Record (OGDR) that is distributed at NOAA (http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/sog/jason/), but includes the GPS orbit and SSHA as two additional variables. It has a 5 hour time lag due to the time needed to calculate the GPS orbit and SSHA. The GPS orbits have been shown to be more accurate than the DORIS orbits on a near real time scale and therefore produces a more accurate SSHA.
Desai, Shailen
Jason-3 GPS based orbit and SSHA OGDR
JASON_3_L2_OST_OGDR_GPS
Global Positioning System Payload
GPSP
SEA SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY
OCEAN WAVES
SEA SURFACE HEIGHT
SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHT
The Smith & Reynolds Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) Level 4 dataset provides a historical reconstruction of monthly global ocean surface temperatures and temperature anomalies on a 2 degree spatial grid from 1854-2009 from in-situ observations based on a consistent statistical methodology that accounts for uneven sampling distributions over time and related observational biases. Version 2 of this dataset implements release 2 of ICOADS (International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set) and utilizes Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnections (EOT) in reconstruction analyses to estimate both surface temperature and associated standard deviation error fields. ERSST v2 presents extended reconstructed sea surface temperature and associated estimated SST error standard deviation fields as 2 similarly structured ASCII flat files.
Smith, T., Reynolds, R.
National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)
NOAA National Climatic Data Center, 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, NC, USA
Smith and Reynolds NCDC Level 4 Historical Reconstructed SST Monthly
NCDC Smith & Reynolds Historical Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature Data Sets
Smith and Reynolds NCDC Level 4 Historical Reconstructed SST Monthly Version 2
Reynolds SST
International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set
Global Telecommunication System Ship and Buoy In Situ Observations
DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC
REYNOLDS_SST
ICOADS
NCEP GTS
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution density data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Monthly, Descending sea surface densityproduct for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Data V5.0
The Topex Microwave Radiometer (TMR) replacement product, version 1.0, is intended as an interim product for use with the version B Topex MGDRs while a new Topex/Poseidon GDR is being generated. The new GDR will contain the TMR data provided in this replacement product. The TMR replacement product was generated after a recalibration of the TMR for the entire Topex/Poseidon mission by Shannon Brown at JPL.
Shannon Brown
TOPEX MICROWAVE RADIOMETER REPLACEMENT
TOPEX_L2_OST_TMR_Replacement
TOPEX/Poseidon
ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR
MICROWAVE
WATER VAPOR
BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE
This dataset contains the latest reprocessed version 4.0 of the Level 2B science-quality ocean surface wind vector retrievals from the QuikSCAT scatterometer. The retrievals are provided on a non-uniform grid within the swath at 12.5 km pixel resolution. Higher resolution is achieved through a slice composite technique in which high resolution slice measurements from L1B data are composited into a 12.5 km wind vector cell. Each L2B file corresponds to a specific orbital revolution (rev) number, which begins at the southernmost point of the ascending orbit. This is an official dataset produced by the NASA QuikSCAT Project through the SeaWinds Processing and Analysis Center (SeaPAC). Version 4.0 processing begins with the same L1B (time-ordered backscatter) data as used in the previous Version 3.1 processing. The new version has three important improvements over the previous version 3.1. First, a sea-surface temperature (SST) dependent geophysical model function (GMF) developed by Lucrezia Ricciardulli of Remote Sensing Systems is used in wind retrieval in order to fix persistent speed biases in Ku-band data over cold ocean. Second, near coastal winds are retrieved using the Land Contamination Ratio with Expected Sigma-0 (LCRES) technique which retrieves winds significantly closer to the coast than has been done before. Third, flagging is simplified and extra flags are provided. All of the legacy quality flags are preserved with the same meaning. A new single bit wind_retrieval_likely_corrupted_flag is established for conditions in which approximately 3% (or greater) of the data comprising a wind vector cell (WVC) exhibits suboptimal performance due to rain, ice, or a few other rare anomalous cases. Another bit wind_retrieval_possibly_corrupted_flag is established for conditions in which approximately 15% of the data comprising a WVC near rain, ice, or a coastal boundary is thought to be high quality but may not match up well with numerical wind models due to either remaining rain/ice/land contamination or variability in the winds near ice, rain, and coasts that are not reflected in the numerical weather prediction (NWP) matchups. In addition to these two new bits, copious quality information is provided in the flags and eflags variables to allow users to tailor flags to meet their own needs. New and legacy flag bits are described in more detail in the user guide.
QuikSCAT Level 2B Ocean Wind Vectors in 12.5km Slice Composites
QuikSCAT Level 2B Ocean Wind Vectors in 12.5km Slice Composites Version 4.0
Quick Scatterometer
NASA/JPL/SeaPAC
This datasets contains three maps of L-band (wavelength = 21 cm) brightness temperature of the celestial sky ("Galaxy") used in the processing of the NASA Aquarius instrument data. The maps report Sky brightness temperatures in Kelvin gridded on the Earth Centered Inertial (ECI) reference frame epoch J2000. They are sampled over 721 Declinations between -90 degrees and +90 degrees and 1441 Right Ascensions between 0 degrees and 360 degrees, all evenly spaced at 0.25 degrees intervals. The brightness temperatures are assumed temporally invariant and polarization has been neglected. They include microwave continuum and atomic hydrogen line (HI) emissions. The maps differ only in how the strong radio source Cassiopeia A has been included into the whole sky background surveys: 1/ TB_no_Cas_A does not include Cassiopeia A and reports only the whole Sky surveys. 2/ TB_Cas_A_1cell spread Cas A total flux homogeneously over 1 map grid cell (i.e. 9.8572E-6 sr). 3/ TB_Cas_A_beam spreads Cas A over surrounding grid cells using a convolution by a Gaussian beam with HPBW of 35 arcmin (equivalent to the instrument used for the Sky surveys). Cassiopeia A is a supernova remnant (SNR) in the constellation Cassiopeia and the brightest extra-solar radio source in the sky at frequencies above 1.
Emmanuel Dinnat
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)
Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd.; Greeenbelt, Md., 20771
Aquarius Celestial Sky Products
Aquarius Celestial Sky Microwave Emission Map Ancillary Dataset V1.0
4 Year
ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION
INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION
Himawari-8 (H08) was launched on 7 October 2014 into its nominal position at 140.7-deg E, and declared operational on 7 July 2015. The Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI; largely identical to GOES-R/ABI) is a 16 channel sensor, of which five (3.9, 8.4, 10.3, 11.2, and 12.3 um) are suitable for SST. Accurate sensor calibration, image navigation and (co)registration, high spectral fidelity, and sophisticated pre-processing (geo-rectification, radiance equalization, and mapping) offer vastly enhanced capabilities for SST retrievals, over the heritage GOES-I/P and MTSAT-2 Imagers. From altitude 35,800km, H08/AHI maps SST in a Full Disk (FD) area from 80E-160W and 60S-60N, with spatial resolution 2km at nadir to 15km at view zenith angle 67-deg, with a 10-min temporal sampling. The AHI L2P (swath) SST product is derived at the native sensor resolution using NOAA's Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Ocean (ACSPO) system. ACSPO processes every 10-min FD data, identifies good quality ocean pixels (Petrenko et al., 2010) and derives SST using the four-band (8.4, 10.3, 11.2 and 12.3um) Non-Linear SST (NLSST) regression algorithm (Petrenko et al., 2014), trained against in situ SSTs from drifting and tropical mooring buoys in the NOAA iQuam system (Xu and Ignatov, 2014). The 10-min data are subsequently collated in time, to produce 1-hr L2P product, with improved coverage, and reduced cloud leakages and image noise. The collated L2P reports SSTs and brightness temperatures (BTs) in clear-sky water pixels (defined as ocean, sea, lake or river), and fill values elsewhere. All pixels with valid SSTs are recommended for use. ACSPO files also include sun-sensor geometry, l2p_flags (day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags), and NCEP wind speed. The L2P is reported in NetCDF4 GHRSST Data Specification version 2 (GDS2) format, 24 granules per day, with a total data volume 0.6GB/day. Pixel earth locations are not reported in the granules, as they remain unchanged from granule to granule. Those can be obtained using a flat lat/lon file or a Python script available at https://podaac-tools.jpl.nasa.gov/drive/files/allData/ghrsst/data/GDS2/L2P/H08/STAR/nav. Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (SSES bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel (Petrenko et al., 2016). The H08 AHI SSTs and BTs are continuously validated against in situ data in SQUAM (Dash et al, 2010), and RTM simulation in MICROS (Liang and Ignatov, 2011). A reduced size (0.2GB/day), 0.02-deg equal-angle gridded ACSPO L3C product is available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/AHI_H08-STAR-L3C-v2.70.
GHRSST NOAA/STAR Himawari-08 AHI L2P Pacific Ocean Region SST dataset in GDS2
GHRSST NOAA/STAR Himawari-08 AHI L2P Pacific Ocean Region SST v2.70 dataset in GDS2
Western Pacific
Advanced Himawari Imager
DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/STAR
AHI
Himawari-8
Version 5.0 Aquarius CAP Level 3 products are the fourth release of the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mapped salinity and wind speed data based on the Combined Active Passive (CAP) algorithm. Level 3 standard mapped image products contain gridded 1 degree spatial resolution salinity and wind speed data averaged over 7 day and monthly time scales. This particular dataset is the 7-Day running mean sea surface salinity (SSS) V5.0 Aquarius CAP product. CAP is a P.I. produced dataset developed and provided by JPL. The CAP algorithm utilizes data from both the onboard radiometer and scatterometer to simultaneously retrieve salinity, wind speed and direction by minimizing the sum of squared differences between model and observations. The main improvements in CAP V5.0 relative to the previous version include: updates to the Geophysical Model Functions to 4th order harmonics with the inclusion of sea surface temperature (SST) and stability at air-sea interface effects; use of the Canadian Meteorological Center (CMC) SST product as the new source ancillary sea surface temperature data in place of NOAA OI SST. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius CAP Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the seasonal climatology sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Climatology Data V5.0
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, thermal-IR SST level 3, 4km, monthly, daytime product.
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 4km Daytime v2014.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. Thisparticular data set is the mission series mean or cumulative, Descending sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Mission Cumulative Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Mission Cumulative Data V5.0
1383 Day
Mission
This is the PI-produced JPL SMAP-SSS V4.3, level 2B CAP, validated sea surface salinity (SSS) and extreme winds orbital/swath product from the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) observatory. It is based on the Combined Active-Passive (CAP) retrieval algorithm developed at JPL originally in the context of Aquarius/SAC-D and now extended to SMAP. Improvements with V4.3 include: 1) New residual TB calibration which removes the ascending/descending bias issue observed for version 4.3; 2) Slightly modified criteria for aggregation from L2B to L3 based on TB for V-pol minus TB for H-pol. The JPL SMAP-SSS L2B CAP product includes data for a range of parameters: derived SMAP sea surface salinity, SSS uncertainty and wind speed/direction data for extreme winds, brightness temperatures for each radiometer polarization, ancillary reference surface salinity, ice concentration, wind and wave height data, quality flags, and navigation data. Each data file covers one 98-minute orbit (15 files per day). Data begins on April 1,2015 and is ongoing, with a 3 day latency in processing and availability. Observations are global in extent and provided at 25km swath grid with an approximate spatial resolution of 60 km. The SMAP satellite is in a near-polar orbit at an inclination of 98 degrees and an altitude of 685 km. It has an ascending node time of 6 pm and is sun-synchronous. With its 1000km swath, SMAP achieves global coverage in approximately 3 days, but has an exact orbit repeat cycle of 8 days. On board Instruments include a highly sensitive L-band radiometer operating at 1.41GHz and an L-band 1.26GHz radar sensor providing complementary active and passive sensing capabilities. Malfunction of the SMAP scatterometer on 7 July, 2015, has necessitated the use of collocated wind speed for the surface roughness correction required for the surface salinity retrieval.
JPL SMAP Level 2B CAP Sea Surface Salinity Validated Dataset
JPL CAP SMAP Sea Surface Salinity Products
JPL SMAP Level 2B CAP Sea Surface Salinity V4.3 Validated Dataset
SMAP L-Band Radiometer
NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP)
Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Sea Surface Salinity (SSS)
NASA/JPL/SMAP
SMAP-SSS
SMAP L-BAND RADIOMETER
SMAP
Saildrone is a wind and solar powered unmanned surface vehicle (USV) capable of long distance deployments lasting up to 12 months and providing high quality, near real-time, multivariate surface ocean and atmospheric observations while transiting at typical speeds of 3-5 knots. The drone is autonomous in that it may be guided remotely from land while being completely wind driven. The saildrone ATOMIC (Atlantic Tradewind Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign) campaign involved the deployment of a fleet of saildrones, jointly funded by NASA and NOAA, in the Atlantic waters offshore of Barbados over a 45 day period from 17 January to 2 March 2020. The goal was to understand the Ocean-Atmosphere interaction particularly over the mesoscale ocean eddies in that region. The saildrones were equipped with a suite of instruments that included a CTD, IR pyrometer, fluorometer, dissolved oxygen sensor, anemometer, barometer, and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). Additionally, four temperature data loggers were positioned vertically along hull to provide further information on thermal variability near the ocean surface. This Saildrone ATOMIC dataset is comprised of two data files for each of the three NASA-funded saildrones deployed, one for the surface observations and one for the ADCP measuements. The surface data files contain saildrone platform telemetry and near-surface observational data (air temperature, sea surface skin and bulk temperatures, salinity, oxygen and chlorophyll-a concentrations, barometric pressure, wind speed and direction) spanning the entire cruise at 1 minute temporal resolution. The ADCP files for each saildrone are at 5 minute resolution for the duration of the deployments. All data files are in netCDF format and CF/ACDD compliant consistent with the NOAA/NCEI specification.
Saildrone
Saildrone Inc
Saildrone Inc. 1050 W Tower Ave, Alameda, CA 94501
Saildrone ATOMIC field campaign surface measurements
Saildrone Arctic ATOMIC Field Campaign Products
Saildrone field campaign surface and ADCP measurements for the Atlantic Tradewind Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign (ATOMIC) project
Carribean
Aanderaa Dissolved Oxygen (710) Sensor 4831
Atlantic Tradewind Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign
Saildrone Unmanned Surface Vehicle
Vaisala Barometer PTB210
Fluorometer
Heitronics Wing IR Pyrometer
ATOMIC
PYROMETERS
BAROMETERS
ANEMOMETERS
FLUOROMETERS
ATMOSPHERIC WINDS
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
OCEAN OPTICS
OCEAN CHEMISTRY
ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE
OXYGEN
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS
SURFACE TEMPERATURE
FLUORESCENCE
This dataset consists of the version 2 Level 2B science-quality ocean surface wind vector retrievals from the Oceansat-2 scatterometer (OSCAT), which was designed and launched by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) 23 September 2009. This Level 2B dataset is produced by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) QuikSCAT Project in cooperation with ISRO. The retrievals are provided on a non-uniform grid within the swath at 12.5 km pixel resolution. This resolution is achieved through a slice composite technique in which high resolution slice measurements from L1B data are composited into a 12.5 km wind vector cell. This newest version contains an improved geophysical model function (GMF), known as QSCAT12, consistent with the Remote Sensing Systems Ku2011 GMF, and an improved rain detection and flagging algorithm; these algorithms are consistent with the latest reprocessed version 3 QuikSCAT L2B dataset. Each L2B file corresponds to a specific orbital revolution (rev) number, which begins at the southernmost point of the ascending orbit. As a Ku-band dual pencil-beam rotating scatterometer, OSCAT design specs bear a strong resemblence of the Ku-band SeaWinds scatterometers on QuikSCAT and Midori-II (ADEOS-II). The primary difference between OSCAT and SeaWinds is the ~4 degree increase in the OSCAT incidence angle, which acts as an offset to the relatively lower altitude of Oceansat-2 to help provide a nearly identical swath width to SeaWinds. In the early phase of cal/val, the JPL QuikSCAT Project identified several problems, most of which have been corrected in this latest L2B version. This dataset release is expected to have an accuracy similar to that of the version 3 L2B QuikSCAT product, with minor caveats, all of which are described by Jaruwatanadilok et al. (2014) and summarized in the User Guide document which is made available in PO.DAAC Drive at https://podaac-tools.jpl.nasa.gov/drive/files/allData/oceansat2/L2B/oscat/jpl/docs/ . Read software is made available in MATLAB, Python, R, and IDL and is accessible in PO.DAAC Drive at https://podaac-tools.jpl.nasa.gov/drive/files/allData/oceansat2/L2B/oscat/jpl/sw/ .
Oceansat-2 Scatterometer Level 2B Ocean Wind Vectors in 12.5km Slice Composites
Oceansat-2 Scatterometer Level 2B Ocean Wind Vectors in 12.5km Slice Composites Version 2
Oceansat-2 Scanning Scatterometer
Oceansat-2
SeaWinds Processing and Analysis Center (SeaPAC)
OSCAT
IRS-O2
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped mid-Infrared SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 3 and 4 mid-IR bands (MODIS channels 20,21,22 and 23). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, mid-IR SST level 3, 9km, annual, nighttime product.
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST MID-IR Annual 9km Nighttime v2014.0
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped mid-Infrared SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 3 and 4 mid-IR bands (MODIS channels 20,21,22 and 23). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, mid-IR SST level 3, 9km, 8-day, nighttime product.
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR 8 Day 9km Nighttime v2014.0
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, 7-Day, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the 7-Day ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Data V5.0
This dataset contains polar-stereographic-gridded Sigma-0 retrievals over the Arctic Polar region from SeaWinds on ADEOS-II retrievals subsetted and averaged twice daily at the local time-of-day (LTOD); local times are approximately mid-day (08:00 to 16:00 local) and evening (16:00 to 24:00 local). The eight hour interval at each LTOD reference of mid-day vs. evening corresponds to the natural boundaries of time separation within the data at polar latitudes. Hence, mid-day and evening are used as approximations for the LTOD reference, where the actual LTOD may vary within the respective 8 hour interval. This dataset is generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU); the processed files are therefore known as SIR files. These SIR files were also used to generate a complimentary dataset of GIF images meant for browse purposes only and is available here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SEAWINDS_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ARCTIC_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_IMAGES_LTOD. The SeaWinds scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. The SIR files are separated according to polarization. For example, one SIR file for a particular day and LTOD will contain the gridded average Sigma-0 values for the horizontally polarized L1B retrievals, while the other will contain those from the vertically polarized L1B retrievals. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
SeaWinds on ADEOS-II Level 3 Sigma-0 Polar-Stereographic Local-Time-of-Day Browse Maps of Arctic Region
Arctic
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is an oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-1 campaign involved a series of 5 cruises during 2012 - 2013 seeking to characterize the salinity structure and balance in a high salinity, high evaporation, and low rainfall region of the subtropical North Atlantic. It aims to resolve processes responsible for maintaining the subtropical surface salinity maximum in this region and within a 900 x 800-mile square study area centered at 25N, 38W. A Waveglider is an autonomous platform propelled by the conversion of ocean wave energy into forward thrust and employing solar panels to power instrumentation. During SPURS-1, three wavegliders (ASL2, ASL3 and ASL4) were deployed from the Knorr in September 2012, redeployed in April 2013 (ASL22, ASL32 and ASL42) with final recovery in September. Waveglider trajectories followed a square loop or butterfly pattern around the central SPURS mooring. Sensors included a CTD at the near-surface and another at 6 m depth, a surface current meter, air temperature, atmospheric pressure and wind speed sensors providing continuous along-track observations. NetCDF waveglider data files here contain hour averaged, georeferenced trajectory data for those parameters and depths.
Waveglider data for the SPURS-1 N. Atlantic field campaign
SPURS-1 Field Campaign Waveglider Data Products
SPURS-I WHOI Waveglider
Current Meter
Meteorological Measurement System
MMS
Waveglider
CURRENT METERS
OCEAN PRESSURE
SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE
SURFACE PRESSURE
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is themonthly climatology, Ascending sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Climatology Data V5.0
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is a NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project is comprised of two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. Neutrally buoyant floats (also known as Mixed Layer Floats - MLF) drift and move through the water column providing continuous CTD temperature and salinity profiles and GPS surface position location data. One float was deployed in SPURS-2 during the first Revelle cruise in August 2016 and recovered in December 2016 after 3.5 months about 1800 km east of the central mooring. The MLF data are provided in netCDF file format with standards compliant metadata.
Andrey Shcherbina
APL, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
SPURS-2 Neutrally buoyant float data for the E. Tropical Pacific field campaign
SPURS-2 Field Campaign Neutrally Buoyant Float Data Products
SPURS-I University of Washington Neutrally Buoyant Float/Mixed layer float
NeutrallyBuoyantFloat
The NOAA/NCEP Reynolds Optimally Interpolated (OI) Sea Surface Temperature monthly Level 4 product consists of aggregate global sea surface temperature fields on a 1 degree by 1 degree grid over a month time interval. The OI analysis employed uses both in-situ SSTs from ships and buoys and satellite derived SSTs from the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). The satellite derived SSTs are from the Multichannel Sea Surface Temperature products that have been constructed operationally from the five-channel AVHRR by NOAA's Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) since late 1981 through to present. Monthly OI SST fields are derived by a linear interpolation of the weekly optimum interpolation (OI) fields to daily fields then averaging the daily values over a month. The monthly fields are in the same format and spatial resolution as the weekly fields, which have been widely used for weather and climate monitoring and forecasting. Version 2.0 of this dataset utilizes an update and extension of the COADS in-situ data series providing enhanced ship data coverage through 1997 and reducing the residual satellite biases in otherwise data sparse regions. This version also implements enhancements to the OI analysis utilizing simulations of SST observations from an improved sea ice algorithm and data following a technique developed at the UK Met Office, improvements that further reduce biases in the OI SST particularly at higher latitudes.
Dataset Policy created for REYNOLDS_NCEP_L3_SST_OPT_INTERP_MONTHLY_V2
Reynolds, R., Stokes, D.
National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Camp Springs, Maryland, USA
Reynolds NCEP Level 4 Optimally Interpolated SST Monthly
NCEP Reynolds Optimally Interpolated Sea Surface Temperature Data Sets; Product
Reynolds NCEP Level 4 Optimally Interpolated SST Monthly Version 2
Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites
NOAA/NCEP
POES
The monthly ocean bottom pressure anomaly grids are given as equivalent water thickness changes derived from GRACE & GRACE-FO time-variable gravity observations during the specified timespan, and relative to the specified time-mean reference period. The Equivalent water thickness represent sea floor pressure changes due to the integral effect of ocean and atmosphere processes, including global mean ocean bottom pressure changes (mean ocean mass and mean atmosphere mass over the global oceans). The Level-2 GAD product has been added back, a glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) correction has been applied, and standard corrections for geocenter (degree-1), C20 (degree-20) and C30 (degree-30) are incorporated. Post-processing filters (i.e., de-striping and spatial smoothing) have been applied to reduce correlated errors. Version 03 (v03) of the ocean bottom pressure data uses updated and consistent C20 and Geocenter corrections (i.e., Technical Notes TN-14 and TN-13).Data grids are provided in ASCII/netCDF/GeoTIFF formats. For the RL06 version, all GRACE products in the ASCII format have adopted the YAML encoding header, which is in full compliance with the PO.DAAC metadata best practices.
GFZ TELLUS GRACE Level-3 Monthly OCEAN Water-Equivalent-Thickness Surface-Mass Anomaly Release 6.0
TELLUS_GRAC_L3_GFZ_RL06_OCN_v03
GFZ TELLUS GRACE Level-3 Monthly Ocean Bottom Pressure Anomaly Release 6.0 version 03 in netCDF/ASCII/GeoTIFF Formats
WATER PRESSURE
TDay and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODST-AN9D4
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 9km Daytime
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 9km Daytime V2019.0
FOR EXPERT USE ONLY. This dataset contains estimates of static field geopotential of the Earth, derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission measurements, produced by the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ). The data are in spherical harmonics averaged over approximately a month. The primary objective of the GRACE mission is to obtain accurate estimates of the mean and time-variable components of the gravity field variations. This objective is achieved by making continuous measurements of the change in distance between twin spacecraft, co-orbiting in about 500 km altitude, near circular, polar orbit, spaced approximately 200 km apart, using a microwave ranging system. In addition to these range change, the non-gravitional forces are measured on each satellite using a high accuracy electrostatic, room-temperature accelerometer. The satellite orientation and position (and timing) are precisely measured using twin star cameras and a GPS receiver, respectively. Spatial and temporal variations in the gravity field affect the orbits (or trajectories) of the twin spacecraft differently. These differences are manifested as changes in the distance between the spacecraft, as they orbit the Earth. This change in distance is reflected in the time-of-flight of microwave signals transmitted and received nearly simultaneously between the two spacecraft. The change in this time of fight is continuously measured by tracking the phase of the microwave carrier signals. The so called dual-one-way range change measurements can be reconstructed from these phase measurements. This range change (or its numerically derived derivatives), along with other mission and ancillary data, is subsequently analyzed to extract the parameters of an Earth gravity field model.
GFZ
GRACE Monthly Geopotential Spherical Harmonic Coefficients GFZ (GSM)
GRACE_GSM_L2_GRAV_GFZ_RL06
GRACE FIELD GEOPOTENTIAL COEFFICIENTS GFZ RELEASE 6.0
GRACE/GFZ
The NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) Level 2.5 high-resolution merged ocean wind vectors and sigma-0 in 25 km wind vector cell (WVC) swaths contain daily data from ascending and descending passes. Wind vectors are accurate to within 2 m/s (vector speed) and 20 degrees (vector direction). Wind vectors are not considered valid in rain contaminated regions; rain flags and precipitation information are not provided. Data is flagged where measurements are either missing or ambiguous. In the presence of land or sea ice winds values are set to 0, and sigma-0 values are preserved where measurements are available. This is the most up-to-date version, which designates the final phase of calibration, validation and science data processing, which was completed in November of 1998, on behalf of the JPL NSCAT Project; wind vectors are processed using the NSCAT-2 geophysical model function.
NSCAT High-Resolution MGDR, Sigma-0 and Ocean Wind Vectors
NSCAT High-Resolution MGDR, Sigma-0 and Ocean Wind Vectors (Dunbar)
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, thermal-IR SST level 3, 9km, 8-day, nighttime product.
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 9km Nighttime v2014.0
A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-19 platform (launched 6 Feb 2009) produced and used operationally in oceanographic analyses and forecasts by the US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO). The AVHRR is a space-borne scanning sensor on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) family of Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) having a operational legacy that traces back to the Television Infrared Observation Satellite-N (TIROS-N) launched in 1978. AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micrometer) and near-infrared (0.9 micrometer) regions, the third one is located around 3.5 micrometer, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micrometers, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micrometer. Typically the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive SST sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The NOAA platforms are sun synchronous generally viewing the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent) due to the relatively large AVHRR swath of approximately 2400 km. The highest ground resolution that can be obtained from the current AVHRR instruments is 1.1 km at nadir. AVHRR data are acquired in three formats: High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT), Local Area Coverage (LAC), and Global Area Coverage (GAC). HRPT data are full resolution image data transmitted to a ground stations as they are collected. LAC are also full resolution data, but the acquisition is prescheduled and recorded with an on-board tape recorder for subsequent transmission during a station overpass. This particular dataset is produced from GAC data that are derived from an on-board sample averaging of the full resolution global AVHRR data. Four out of every five samples along the scan line are used to compute on average value and the data from only every third scan line are processed, yielding an effective 4 km resolution at nadir. Further binning and averaging of these pixels results in a final dataset resolution of 8.8 km.
REPAIRED META_HISTORY ENTRY
GHRSST Level 2P Global Bulk Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-19 satellite produced by NAVO
N-19 AVHRR GAC L2P swath SST data set
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, thermal-IR SST level 3, 9km, annual, daytime product.
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 9km Daytime v2014.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged overdaily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the 7-Day sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Data V5.0
This dataset contains polar-stereographic-gridded Sigma-0 retrieval statistics over the Arctic Polar region from the SeaWinds L1B retrievals, which are generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU); the processed files are therefore known as SIR files. The SeaWinds scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. The SIR files are all contained within a single tar file for a given day. When the tar file is unpacked, the individual SIR files are separated according to polarization and the corresponding retrieval statistic (i.e., daily average, standard deviation, and daily measurement counts). Consequently, there are 6 SIR files contained within each unpacked tar file. These SIR files were also used to generate a complimentary dataset of GIF images representing the daily averaged Sigma-0, which is meant for browse purposes only and available here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SEAWINDS_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ARCTIC_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_IMAGES. An additional complimentary dataset includes a reduced version of these Sigma-0 retrieval statistics by providing only the daily Sigma-0 average: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SEAWINDS_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ARCTIC_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_LITE. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
SeaWinds on ADEOS-II Level 3 Sigma-0 Polar-Stereographic Browse Maps (Complete) of Arctic Region
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, 7-Day, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the 28-Day running mean, descending ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Descending 28-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Descending 28-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
28 Day
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Seasonal,Descending sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Data V5.0
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset for the Eastern Atlantic Region from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) on the MSG satellites (Meteosat-8 and Meteosat-9). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT),Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) has reprocessed SST products in (long) delayed-mode from MSG/SEVIRI. SST is retrieved from the SEVIRI infrared channels (10.8 and 12.0 micrometer) using a multispectral algorithm and the cloud mask (CM) from OSI SAF. Atmospheric profiles of water vapor and temperature from a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model, OSTIA Sea Surface Temperature re-analysis and analysis, together with a radiatiave transfer model (RTTOV), are used to correct the multispectral algorithm for regional and seasonal biases due to changing atmospheric conditions. Every 15 minutes slot is processed at full satellite resolution. The operational products are then produced by remapping over a 0.05 degree regular grid (60S-60N and 60W-60E) SST fields obtained by aggregating all 15 minute SST data available in one hour time, and the priority being given to the value the closest in time to the product nominal hour. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2.
GHRSST L3C OSISAF reprocessed SSTskin dataset v1.0 from SEVIRI on MSG for Atlantic (GDS V2)
SEVIRI Atlantic SST data set
Mid-Atlantic to East Indian Ocean - Baltic Sea to below Africa
This dataset contains enhanced resolution gridded fields of the normalized radar cross-section (sigma-0) made from the SeaWinds on ADEOS-II L1B dataset using two different forms of the single-variate Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) algorithm: 1) for 'egg' sigma-0 measurements and 2) for 'slice' sigma-0 measurements, where the SIR with filtering (SIRF) algorithm is used. For 'egg' measurements, the full antenna/processing spatial response is used while a simplified spatial response function in which the spatial response is assumed to be 1 over the footprint and 0 elsewhere is used for 'slice' measurements. The SIR algorithm with 'eggs' makes images of sigma-0 at the measurement incidence angle at 4.5 km pixel resolution. The effective resolution varies depending on region and sampling conditions but is estimated to be 8-10 km in most areas. The SIRF algorithm with 'slices' makes images at 2.225 km pixel resolution with an estimated effective resolution of 6-8 km. It is worth noting that 'slice' measurements are inherently noisier than 'egg' measurements. This dataset has been pre-subsetted for the following regions: Alaska, Amazonia, Antarctica, Arctic, Australia, Bering Strait, Greenland, Central America, East China Sea, Sea of Japan, Europe, Indonesia, Northern Africa, North America, Southern Africa, South America, Southern Asia, and Siberia. Non-enhanced fields are also provided at lower resolution in a 'GRD' gridded format that does not utilize SIR processing; 'GRD' fields are provided at 11.125 km and 22.25 km pixel resolution for slices and eggs, respectively. In addition to Sigma-0, various statistical parameters are provided for added guidance, including but not limited to: standard deviation of incidence angle, mean incidence angle, measurement counts, pixel time, mean reconstruction error, and standard deviation of the reconstructed sigma-0. Sigma-0 fields are available for specific ascending/descending nodes, local time of day, or as a daily average. SIR-formatted land mask files (containing 0 for ocean and 1 for land) are available for each standard region. SIR-formatted files containing the gridded latitude and longitude pixel locations within each region are also available. All SIR files are produced in IEEE formatted binary and gzipped for ease of transfer and storage. Each SIR file adheres to a specific naming convention, as shown here: http://scp.byu.edu/docs/SIRfilename.html. Some additional user notes can be found here: http://www.scp.byu.edu/docs/QSCAT_user_notes.html.
10-SEP-09 Manually Migrated from Ingres
SeaWinds on ADEOS-II Enhanced Resolution Regionally Gridded Sigma-0 (BYU, D. Long)
Australia
12-Hourly to Daily
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, seasonal, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the Monthly, ascending ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Data V5.0
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) global Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on a 0.25-degree grid at Remote Sensing Systems. This product uses optimal interpolation (OI) from microwave (MW) sensors including the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), the NASA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSRE), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) onboard the GCOM-W1 satellite, and WindSat operates on the Coriolis satellite. The through-cloud capabilities of microwave radiometers provide a valuable picture of global sea surface temperature (SST). This analysis does not use any in situ SST data such as drifting buoy SST. Comparing with previous version 4.0 dataset, the version 5.0 has made the updates in several areas, including the diurnal warming model, the sensor-specific error statistics (SSES) for each microwave sensor, the sensor correlation model, and the quality mask.
GHRSST Level 4 MW_OI Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature analysis
MW optimum interpolated SST data set
GHRSST Level 4 MW_OI Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature analysis version 5.0 from REMSS
25 km
Coriolis
WindSat
Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS
Global Precipitation Measurement Core Observatory
GPM Microwave Imager
WINDSAT
AMSR-E
CORIOLIS
GPM
GMI
The version 4.0 SMAP-SSS, level 2C product contains the fourth release of the validated sea surface salinity orbital/swath data from the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) observatory, and is produced operationally by Remote Sensing Systems (RSS). Enhancements with this release include: use of an improved 0.125 degree land correction table with land emission based on SMAP TB; replacement of the previous NCEP sea-ice mask with one based on RSS AMSR-2 and implementing a sea-ice threshold of 0.3% (gain weighted sea-ice fraction); revised solar flagging that depends on glint angle and wind speed; inclusion of estimated SSS-uncertainty; consolidation of both 40KM and 70KM SMAP-SSS datasets as variable fields in a single data product. The SMAP-SSS L2C product includes data for a range of parameters: derived sea surface salinity (SSS) with SSS-uncertainty, brightness temperatures for each radiometer polarization, antenna temperatures, collocated wind speed, data and ancillary reference surface salinity data from HYCOM, rain rate, quality flags, and navigation data. Each data file covers one 98-minute orbit (15 files per day). Data begins on April 1,2015 and is ongoing. Observations are global in extent and provided at a 0.25 degree x 0.25 degree grid with an approximate spatial feature resolution of 40KM. Note that while a SSS 40KM variable is also included in the product, for most open ocean applications, the default SSS variable (70KM) is best used as they are significantly less noisy than the 40KM data.The SMAP satellite is in a near-polar orbit at an inclination of 98 degrees and an altitude of 685 km. It has an ascending node time of 6 pm and is sun-synchronous. With its 1000km swath, SMAP achieves global coverage in approximately 3 days, but has an exact orbit repeat cycle of 8 days. On board Instruments include a highly sensitive L-band radiometer operating at 1.41GHz and an L-band 1.26GHz radar sensor providing complementary active and passive sensing capabilities. Malfunction of the SMAP scatterometer on 7 July, 2015, has necessitated the use of collocated wind speed, primarily from WindSat, for the surface roughness correction required for the surface salinity retrieval.
Remote Sensing Systems (RSS)
Remote Sensing Systems, 444 Tenth Street, Suite 200, Santa Rosa, CA 95401, USA
RSS SMAP Level 2C Sea Surface Validated Dataset
SMAP Sea Surface Salinity Products
RSS SMAP Level 2C Sea Surface Salinity V4.0 Validated Dataset
Remote Sensing Sensing Systems (RSS)
This dataset contains polar-stereographic-gridded Sigma-0 retrievals over the Antarctic Polar region from SeaWinds on ADEOS-II retrievals subsetted and averaged twice daily at the local time-of-day (LTOD); local times are approximately morning (00:00 to 08:00 local) and evening (16:00 to 24:00 local). The eight hour interval at each LTOD reference of morning vs. evening corresponds to the natural boundaries of time separation within the data at polar latitudes. Hence, morning and evening are used as approximations for the LTOD reference, where the actual LTOD may vary within the respective 8 hour interval. This dataset is generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU); the processed files are therefore known as SIR files. These SIR files were also used to generate a complimentary dataset of GIF images meant for browse purposes only and is available here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SEAWINDS_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ANTARCTIC_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_IMAGES_LTOD. The SeaWinds scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. The SIR files are separated according to polarization. For example, one SIR file for a particular day and LTOD will contain the gridded average Sigma-0 values for the horizontally polarized L1B retrievals, while the other will contain those from the vertically polarized L1B retrievals. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
SeaWinds on ADEOS-II Level 3 Sigma-0 Polar-Stereographic Local-Time-of-Day Browse Maps of Antarctic Region
Antarctic
The Smith & Reynolds Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) Level 4 dataset provides a historical reconstruction of monthly global ocean surface temperatures and temperature anomalies over a 2 degree spatial grid since 1854 from in-situ observations based on a consistent statistical methodology that accounts for uneven sampling distributions over time and related observational biases. Version 3b of this dataset implements release 2.4 of ICOADS (International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set) and is supplemented by monthly GTS (Global Telecommunications Ship and buoy) system data. As for the prior ERSST version, v3b implements Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnection analysis (EOT) but with an improved tuning method for sparsely sampled regions and periods. ERSST anomalies are computed with respect to a 1971-2000 month climatology. The netCDF version of ERSST v3b contains extended reconstructed sea surface temperature, SST anomaly, and associated estimated SST error standard deviation fields in netCDF classic format with CF1.0 standard metadata.
Smith and Reynolds NCDC Level 4 Historical Reconstructed SST Monthly netCDF
Smith and Reynolds NCDC Level 4 Historical Reconstructed SST Monthly Version 3b netCDF
NOAA/NCDC
SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTION
A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on retrievals from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). This sensor resides on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Preparatory Project (NPP) satellite launched on 28 October 2011.The VIIRS instrument is a a 22-band, multi-spectral scanning radiometer with a 3040-km swath width that builds on the heritage of the MODIS , AVHRR and SeaWIFS sensors for sea surface temperature (SST) and ocean color. For the infrared bands for SST the effective pixel size is 740 meters at nadir and the pixel size variation across the swath is constrained to no more than 1600 meters at the edge of the swath. However, the processing of this dataset aggregates two pixels into one so the resolution is 1500 meters at nadir. This dataset adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.
GHRSST Level 2P 1 m Depth Global Sea Surface Temperature from VIIRS produced by NAVO
VIIRS on NPP L2P swath SST data set
GHRSST Level 2P 1 m Depth Global Sea Surface Temperature from VIIRS on Suomi NPP (GDS2) V1
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset for the North Atlantic Region (NAR) derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the European Meteorological Operational-B (MetOp-B) platform (launched 17 Sep 2012). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT),Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near realtime from Metop/AVHRR and SNPP/VIIRS. Global AVHRR level 1b data are acquired at Meteo-France/Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system.NAR SNPP/VIIRS level 0 data are acquired through direct readout and converted into l1b at CMS.SST is retrieved from the AVHRR and VIIRS infrared channels using a multispectral algorithm.This product is delivered as four six hourly collated files per day on a regular 2km grid. Theproduct format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2.
GHRSST Level 3C North Atlantic Regional (NAR) subskin Sea Surface Temperature from Metop/AVHRR (GDS V2) produced by OSI SAF
Atlantic Ocean
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonaltime scales. This particular data set is the 28-Day running mean, Descending sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Descending 28-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Descending 28-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODST-1D9D4
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 9km Daytime
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 9km Daytime V2019.0
The Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS), starting with S-NPP launched on 28 October 2011, is the new generation of the US Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES). The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) is a collaboration between NASA and NOAA. The ACSPO SNPP/VIIRS L3U (Level 3 Uncollated) product is a gridded version of the ACSPO SNPP/VIIRS L2P product available here https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/VIIRS_NPP-OSPO-L2P-v2.61. The L3U output files are 10-minute granules in netCDF4 format, compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). There are 144 granules per 24hr interval, with a total data volume of 500MB/day. Fill values are reported at all invalid pixels, including pixels with >5 km inland. For each valid water pixel (defined as ocean, sea, lake or river, and up to 5 km inland), the following layers are reported: SSTs, ACSPO clear-sky mask (ACSM; provided in each grid as part of l2p_flags, which also includes day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags), NCEP wind speed, and ACSPO SST minus reference (Canadian Met Centre 0.1deg L4 SST; available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/CMC0.1deg-CMC-L4-GLOB-v3.0 ). Only L2P SSTs with QL=5 were gridded, so all valid SSTs are recommended for the users. Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (SSES bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel with valid SST. The ACSPO VIIRS L3U product is monitored and validated against iQuam in situ data (Xu and Ignatov, 2014) in SQUAM (Dash et al, 2010).
NOAA Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO)
Suitland, MD, USA
GHRSST Level 3U OSPO dataset from VIIRS on S-NPP Satellite (GDS v2)
Sea Surface temperature retrievals produced by NOAA/NESDIS/STAR office from VIIRS sensor
GHRSST Level 3U OSPO dataset v2.61 from VIIRS on S-NPP Satellite (GDS v2)
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODTM-8D4N4
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST MID-IR 8 day 4km Nighttime
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST MID-IR 8 day 4km Nighttime V2019.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the Monthly, Ascending sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Data V5.0
Saildrone is a wind and solar powered unmanned surface vehicle (USV) capable of long distance deployments lasting up to 12 months and providing high quality, near real-time, multivariate surface ocean and atmospheric observations while transiting at typical speeds of 3-5 knots. The drone is autonomous in that it may be guided remotely from land while being completely wind driven. The saildrone Arctic campaign involved the deployment of a fleet of 5 saildrones, jointly funded by NASA and NOAA, from Dutch Harbor, Alaska, within the Bering and Chukchi Seas to the ice edge and back over a 150-day period from 15 May 2019 to 11 October 2019. Scientific objectives include collecting upper ocean temperature profiles with a full suite of ocean measurements, which could lead to significant improvements in modeling of diurnal warming. Additionally, these new data will provide additional Arctic SST observations to benefit SST algorithm development and validation, and collected additional data for studies of air- sea-ice interactions. For the Arctic cruises, saildrones were equipped with a suite of instruments that included a CTD, IR pyrometer, fluorometer, dissolved oxygen sensor, anemometer, barometer, and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). Additionally, four temperature data loggers were positioned vertically along hull to provide further information on thermal variability near the ocean surface. This Saildrone Arctic dataset is comprised of 3 data files for each of the two NASA-funded saildrones deployed. The one file type contains saildrone platform telemetry and near-surface observational data (air temperature, sea surface skin and bulk temperatures, salinity, oxygen and chlorophyll-a concentrations, barometric pressure, wind speed and direction) spanning the entire cruise at 1 minute temporal resolution. The second file type contains the ADCP current vector data for each of the deployed saildrones that is depth-resolved to 100m at 2m intervals and binned temporally at 1 minute resolution. The third file type, contains the temperature logger measurement data previously described. All data files are in netCDF format and CF/ACDD compliant consistent with the NOAA/NCEI specification.
Saildrone Arctic field campaign surface and ADCP measurements for NOPP-MISST project
Saildrone Arctic NOPP-MISST Field Campaign Products
NOPP MISST Project 2018-20
NOPP_MISST
AIR TEMPERATURE
This dataset contains GIF images of polar-stereographic-gridded Sigma-0 retrievals over the Arctic Polar region from SeaWinds on ADEOS-II retrievals subsetted and averaged twice daily at the local time-of-day (LTOD); local times are approximately mid-day (08:00 to 16:00 local) and evening (16:00 to 24:00 local). The eight hour interval at each LTOD reference of mid-day vs. evening corresponds to the natural boundaries of time separation within the data at polar latitudes. Hence, mid-day and evening are used as approximations for the LTOD reference, where the actual LTOD may vary within the respective 8 hour interval. It should be noted that these GIF images are meant for browse purposes only and should not be considered science quality. The GIF images are generated from a scientific dataset employing a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU); the science quality source dataset containing the SIR files used to generate the GIF images is accessible here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SEAWINDS_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ARCTIC_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_LTOD. The SeaWinds scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. As with the SIR files, the GIF images are separated according to polarization. For example, one SIR file for a particular day and LTOD will contain the gridded average Sigma-0 values derived from the horizontally polarized L1B retrievals, while the other will contain those from the vertically polarized L1B retrievals. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
SeaWinds on ADEOS-II Level 3 Sigma-0 Polar-Stereographic Local-Time-of-Day Browse Images of Arctic Region
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily,7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Monthly rain-flagged sea surface salinity smoothed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Smoothed Standard Mapped Image Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Smoothed Standard Mapped Image Monthly Data V5.0
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on an operational basis at the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) on a global 0.1 degree grid. The K10 L4 sea surface temperature analysis uses SST observations from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E), and the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Imager. The age, reliability, and resolution of the data are used in the weighted average with the analysis tuned to represent SST at 1 meter depth. AVHRR Pathfinder 9km climatology is used when no new satellite SST retrievals are available after 34 days.
2008-03-17 K. Willis, B. McKenzie: Original; 2008-04-30 E. Armstrong: Modified
Naval Oceanographic Office, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
GHRSST Level 4 K10_SST Global 1 meter Sea Surface Temperature Analysis
K10 Global 10km Analyzed SST data set
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 11-Imager
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 11
GOES-11 Imager
GOES-11
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on an operational basis at the Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO) using optimal interpolation (OI) on a global 0.054 degree grid. The Geo-Polar Blended Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Analysis combines multi-satellite retrievals of sea surface temperature into a single analysis of SST. This analysis includes only nighttime data from sensors that include the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imager, the Japanese Advanced Meteorological Imager (JAMI) and in situ data from ships, drifting and moored buoys. This analysis was specifically produced to be used as a lower boundary condition in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. This dataset adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.
A Met Office data license application form: http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/corporate/legal/data_lic_form.html must be completed and submitted before using the data. This only needs to be completed once f
Office of Satellite Products and Operations
The GHRSST Project Office
GHRSST Level 4 OSPO Global Nighttime Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis (GDS version 2)
OSPO L4 SST Analysis (GDS2)
null
Himawari Meteorological Satellites
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 15
Meteosat-10
OSPO
GOES-15 Imager
GOES-15
METEOSAT-10
Himawari
These data may be used for pure academic research only, with no commercial or other application and all usage must meet the Met Office Standard Terms and Conditions http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/corpora
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. The SEA-POL rain radar instrument was employed over the period 22 Oct.-10 Nov. 2017 during the second SPURS-2 R/V Revelle cruise. SEA-POL (seagoing-polarimetric radar) is a C-band, Doppler polarimetric radar system providing 240-degree sector coverage centered on the ships bow via its 1-degree beam width antenna. SEA-POL was used primarily to map rainfall in SPURS-2. The resulting dataset is a series of gridded netCDF data files for a 20 day period at 5-20 minute intervals comprised of rain rate and rain accumulation fields.
Steven A. Rutledge
Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
SPURS-2 research vessel along track SEA-POL rain radar imaging data for E. Tropical Pacific R/V Revelle-2 cruise
SPURS Field Campaign SEA-POL Rain Radar Products
SEA-POL Rain Imaging Radar
R/V Roger Revelle (SIO)
R/V Revelle
SEAPOL
15 minutes
RAIN
This dataset contains gridded monthly global water storage/height anomalies relative to a time-mean, derived from GRACE and GRACE-FO and processed at JPL using the Mascon approach (Version2/RL06). These data are provided in a single data file in netCDF format, and can be used for analysis for ocean, ice, and hydrology phenomena. This version of the data employs a Coastal Resolution Improvement (CRI) filter that reduces signal leakage errors across coastlines. The water storage/height anomalies are given in equivalent water thickness units (cm). The solution provided here is derived from solving for monthly gravity field variations in terms of geolocated spherical cap mass concentration functions, rather than global spherical harmonic coefficients. Additionally, realistic geophysical information is introduced during the solution inversion to intrinsically remove correlated error. Thus, these Mascon grids do not need to be destriped or smoothed, like traditional spherical harmonic gravity solutions. The complete Mascon solution consists of 4,551 relatively independent estimates of surface mass change that have been derived using an equal-area 3-degree grid of individual mascons. A subset of these individual mascons span coastlines, and contain mixed land and ocean mass change signals. In a post-processing step, the CRI filter is applied to those mixed land/ocean Mascons to separate land and ocean mass. The land mask used to perform this separation is provided in the same directory as this dataset. Since the individual mascons act as an inherent smoother on the gravity field, a set of optional gain factors (for continental hydrology applications) that can be applied to the solution to study mass change signals at sub-mascon resolution is also provided within the same data directory as the Mascon data. Please refer to the 'Data Access' tab at the top of this page to gain direct access to the Mascon data. For more information, please visit https://grace.jpl.nasa.gov/data/get-data/jpl_global_mascons/. For a detailed description on the Mascon solution, including the mathematical derivation, implementation of geophysical constraints, and solution validation, please see Watkins et al., 2015, doi: 10.1002/2014JB011547. For a detailed description of the CRI filter implementation, please see Wiese et al., 2016, doi:10.1002/2016WR019344.
D. N. Wiese, D.-N. Yuan, C. Boening, F. W. Landerer, M. M. Watkins
JPL GRACE and GRACE-FO Mascon Ocean, Ice, and Hydrology Equivalent Water Height Coastal Resolution Improvement (CRI) Filtered Release 06
JPL GRACE Mascon Ocean, Ice, and Hydrology Equivalent Water Height RL06 CRI Filtered Version 02
JPL GRACE and GRACE-FO Mascon Ocean, Ice, and Hydrology Equivalent Water Height Coastal Resolution Improvement (CRI) Filtered Release 06 Version 02
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On
GRACE-FO Star Camera Assembly
GRACE-FO SCA
GRACE-FO
GRAVITY ANOMALIES
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, seasonal, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the monthly climatology ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Monthly Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Monthly Climatology Data V5.0
This dataset contains polar-stereographic-gridded Sigma-0 retrieval statistics over the Antarctic Polar region from the SeaWinds L1B retrievals, which are generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU); the processed files are therefore known as SIR files. The SeaWinds scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. The SIR files are all contained within a single tar file for a given day. When the tar file is unpacked, the individual SIR files are separated according to polarization and the corresponding retrieval statistic (i.e., daily average, standard deviation, and daily measurement counts). Consequently, there are 6 SIR files contained within each unpacked tar file. These SIR files were also used to generate a complimentary dataset of GIF images representing the daily averaged Sigma-0, which is meant for browse purposes only and available here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SEAWINDS_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ANTARCTIC_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_IMAGES. An additional complimentary dataset includes a reduced version of these Sigma-0 retrieval statistics by providing only the daily Sigma-0 average: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SEAWINDS_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ANTARCTIC_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_LITE. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
SeaWinds on ADEOS-II Level 3 Sigma-0 Polar-Stereographic Browse Maps (Complete) of Antarctica
Antarctica
The total land water storage anomalies are aggregated from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) NOAH model. GLDAS outputs land water content by using numerous land surface models and data assimilation. For more information on the GLDAS project and model outputs please visit https://ldas.gsfc.nasa.gov/gldas. The aggregated land water anomalies (sum of soil moisture, snow, canopy water) provided here can be used for comparison against and evaluations of the observations of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE-FO over land. The monthly anomalies are computed over the same days during each month as GRACE and GRACE-FO data, and are provided on monthly 1 degree lat/lon grids in NetCDF format.
Rodell M, et. al
Monthly gridded Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) from Noah-v3.3 land hydrology model for GRACE and GRACE-FO over nominal months
TELLUS_GLDAS-NOAH-3.3_TWS-ANOMALY_MONTHLY
Model
GRACE Follow-On
THE GLOBAL LAND DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM, ://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-85-3-381
This dataset contains GIF images of polar-stereographic-gridded, daily averaged Sigma-0 retrievals over the Arctic Polar from the SeaWinds L1B retrievals, which are generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU. The SeaWinds scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. The GIF image files are separated according to polarization, and the averaged Sigma-0 measurements are displayed in grayscale with no color bar. Very bright areas indicate high Sigma-0 averages. It should be noted that these GIF images are meant for browse purposes only and should not be considered science quality. The science quality source dataset containing the SIR files used to generate the GIF images is accessible here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SEAWINDS_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ARCTIC_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_LITE. An additional complimentary dataset of SIR files contains the full daily Sigma-0 statistcs: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SEAWINDS_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ARCTIC_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_FULL. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
SeaWinds on ADEOS-II Level 3 Sigma-0 Polar-Stereographic Browse Images of Arctic Region
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is a NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project is comprised of two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. Part of the Argo global network of autonomous, self-reporting samplers, Argo floats drift horizontally and move vertically through the water column generally on 10 day cycles, collecting high-quality temperature, conductivity and salinity depth (CTD) profiles from the upper 2000m. Twenty five floats were deployed during SPURS-2 within the campaign spatial domain and time period, yielding approximately 1,893 profiles. These were standard Argo floats with the addition of acoustic rain gauges (PAL) in some cases. SPURS-2 ARGO data files are organized per float and profile with the vertical conductivity, salinity, temperature, pressure, depth observations per the netCDF ARGO file specification with some augmented global metadata attributes.
SPURS-2 Argo float CTD profile data from the E. Tropical Pacific field campaign
SPURS Field Campaign ARGO float Products
FOR EXPERT USE ONLY. The GRACE-FO Level-1A data contains telemetry data that has been converted to engineering units, from which Level-1B data products are derived. For a detailed description, please see the GRACE-FO Level-1 documentation.
JPL GRACE-FO project
GRACE-FO Level-1A ASCII Format Data
GRACEFO_L1A_ASCII_GRAV_JPL_RL04
GRACE-FO Level-1A Release version 4.0 from JPL in ASCII
GRACE-FO Laser Ranging Interferometer
GRACE-FO/JPL
GRACE-FO LRI
Daily
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced as a retrospective dataset at the JPL Physical Oceanography DAAC using wavelets as basis functions in an optimal interpolation approach on a global 0.25 degree grid. The version 4 Multiscale Ultrahigh Resolution (MUR) L4 analysis is based upon nighttime GHRSST L2P skin and subskin SST observations from several instruments including the NASA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E), the JAXA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 on GCOM-W1, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) on the NASA Aqua and Terra platforms, the US Navy microwave WindSat radiometer, the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on several NOAA satellites, and in situ SST observations from the NOAA iQuam project. The ice concentration data are from the archives at the EUMETSAT Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) High Latitude Processing Center and are also used for an improved SST parameterization for the high-latitudes. The dataset also contains an additional SST anomaly variable derived from a MUR climatology.This dataset was originally funded by the NASA MEaSUREs program (http://earthdata.nasa.gov/our-community/community-data-system-programs/measures-projects) and the NASA CEOS COVERAGE project and created by a team led by Dr. Toshio M. Chin from JPL. It adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.
JPL MUR MEaSUREs Project
GHRSST Level 4 MUR 0.25deg Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis (v4.2)
GHRSST Level 4 MUR 0.25 deg Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, thermal-IR SST level 3, 9km, annual, daytime product.
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 9km Daytime v2014.0
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODSA-8D4D4
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 4km Daytime
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 4km Daytime V2019.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales.This particular data set is the Monthly sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Monthly Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonaltime scales. This particular data set is the 28-Day running mean, Ascending rain-flagged rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending 28-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending 28-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution density data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the seasonal climatology, Ascending seasurface density product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Climatology Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averagedover daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the monthly climatology sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Monthly Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Monthly Climatology Data V5.0
This dataset is derived under the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) project and contains value-added Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) ocean surface winds from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F11 platform. The CCMP datasets combine cross-calibrated satellite winds obtained from Remote Sensing Systems (REMSS) using a Variational Analysis Method (VAM) to produce a high-resolution (0.25 degree) gridded analysis. Wind directions from the resulting analysis are assigned to the location and time of the satellite-derived wind speed observations to create this value added dataset. The CCMP data set includes cross-calibrated satellite winds derived from SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR-E, TRMM TMI, QuikSCAT, SeaWinds, WindSat and other satellite instruments as they become available from REMSS. REMSS uses a cross-calibrated sea-surface emissivity model function which improves the consistency between wind speed retrievals from microwave radiometers (i.e., SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR, TMI, and WindSat) and those from scatterometers (i.e., QuikSCAT and SeaWinds). The VAM combines these data with in situ measurements and a starting estimate (first guess) of the wind field. The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-40 Reanalysis is used as the first-guess from 1987 to 1998. The ECMWF Operational analysis is used from January 1999 onward. All wind observations and analysis fields are referenced to a height of 10 meters. The ERA-40 can be obtained from the Computation and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR): http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds117.0/. The ECMWF Operational analysis can also be obtained from CISL at NCAR: http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds111.1/. Three products are distributed to complete the CCMP dataset series. L3.0 product contains high-resolution analyses every 6-hours. These data are then time averaged over monthly and 5-day periods to derive the L3.5 product. Directions from the L3.0 product are then assigned to the time and location of the passive microwave satellite wind speed observations to derive the L2.5 product. All datasets are distributed on a 0.25 degree cylindrical coordinate grid. This dataset is one in a series of First-Look (FLK) CCMP datasets and is a continuation and expansion of the SSM/I surface wind velocity project that began under the NASA Pathfinder Program. Refinements and upgrades to the FLK version will be incorporated under a new release (date to be determined) known as Late-look (LLK) and may include additional satellite datasets. All satellite surface wind data are obtained from REMSS under the DISCOVER project: Distributed Information Services: Climate/Ocean Products and Visualizations for Earth Research (http://www.discover-earth.org/index.html). The CCMP project is the result of an investigation funded by the NASA Making Earth Science data records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program (http://community.eosdis.nasa.gov/measures/). In accordance with the MEaSUREs program, the CCMP datasets are also known as Earth System Data Records (ESDRs). In collaboration with private and government institutions, a team led by Dr. Robert Atlas (PI; proposal originally solicited by REASoN, and currently funded by MEaSURES) has created the CCMP project to provide multi-instrument ocean surface wind velocity ESDRs, with wide ranging research applications in meteorology and oceanography.
Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform Ocean Surface Wind Vector L2.5 First-Look SSM/I-F11 Microwave Analyses
Glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) is an ongoing geophysical process and is measured by gravimetry satellites like GRACE and GRACE-FO. To isolate signals of contemporary surface mass loss in the cumulative satellite gravimetry measurements, contemporary GIA rates are computed and subtracted from the satellite gravimetry observations. The GIA correction models provided here are filtered such that they are compatible with Level-3 post-processing filters applied to GRACE(-FO) data as indicated in the [product_id]. In this way, user can effectively assess the impact of the applied GIA correction, and substitute different GIA models should that be desired. This GIA dataset is mapped into 1.0-degree global grid in netCDF format.
Tellus
TELLUS GRACE Level-3 1.0-degree Glacial Isostatic Adjustment datasets produced by JPL
TELLUS_GIA_1-Deg_v1.0
TELLUS GRACE Level-3 1.0-degree Glacial Isostatic Adjustment v1.0 datasets produced by JPL
NASA JPL TELLUS
GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE
This is the PI-produced JPL SMAP-SSS V4.3 CAP, 8-day running mean, level 3 mapped, sea surface salinity (SSS) product from the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) observatory. It is based on the Combined Active-Passive (CAP) retrieval algorithm developed at JPL originally in the context of Aquarius/SAC-D and now extended to SMAP. Improvements with V4.3 include: 1) New residual TB calibration which removes the ascending/descending bias issue observed for version 4.2; 2) Slightly modified criteria for aggregation from L2B to L3 based on TB for V-pol minus TB for H-pol. Daily data files for this L3 product are based on SSS averages spanning an 8-day moving time window. Associated file variables include: derived SSS with associated uncertainties and wind speed data from SMAP, ancillary ice concentration and HYCOM surface salinity data. SMAP data begins on April 1, 2015 and is ongoing, with a 7-day latency in processing and availability. L3 products are global in extent and gridded at 0.25degree x 0.25degree with an approximate spatial resolution of 60km. The SMAP satellite is in a near-polar orbit at an inclination of 98 degrees and an altitude of 685 km. It has an ascending node time of 6 pm and is sun-synchronous. With its 1000km swath, SMAP achieves global coverage in approximately 3 days, but has an exact orbit repeat cycle of 8 days. On board instruments include a highly sensitive L-band radiometer operating at 1.41GHz and an L-band 1.26GHz radar sensor providing complementary active and passive sensing capabilities. Malfunction of the SMAP scatterometer on 7 July, 2015, has necessitated the use of collocated wind speed for the surface roughness correction required for the surface salinity retrieval.
JPL SMAP Level 3 CAP Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image 8-Day Running Mean Validated Dataset
JPL SMAP Level 3 CAP Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image 8-Day Running Mean V4.3 Validated Dataset
60km
Daily running mean
This dataset is derived under the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) project and contains a value-added 5-day mean ocean surface wind and pseudostress to approximate a satellite-only climatological data record. The CCMP datasets combine cross-calibrated satellite winds obtained from Remote Sensing Systems (REMSS) using a Variational Analysis Method (VAM) to produce a high-resolution (0.25 degree) gridded analysis. The CCMP data set includes cross-calibrated satellite winds derived from SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR-E, TRMM TMI, QuikSCAT, SeaWinds, WindSat and other satellite instruments as they become available from REMSS. REMSS uses a cross-calibrated sea-surface emissivity model function which improves the consistency between wind speed retrievals from microwave radiometers (i.e., SSM/I, SSMIS AMSR, TMI, and WindSat) and those from scatterometers (i.e., QuikSCAT and SeaWinds). The VAM combines these data with in situ measurements and a starting estimate (first guess) of the wind field. The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-40 Reanalysis is used as the first-guess from 1987 to 1998. The ECMWF Operational analysis is used from January 1999 onward. All wind observations and analysis fields are referenced to a height of 10 meters. The ERA-40 can be obtained from the Computation and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR): http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds117.0/. The ECMWF Operational analysis can also be obtained from CISL at NCAR: http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds111.1/. Three products are distributed to complete the CCMP dataset series. L3.0 product contains high-resolution analyses every 6-hours. These data are then time averaged over monthly and 5-day periods to derive the L3.5 product. Directions from the L3.0 product are then assigned to the time and location of the passive microwave satellite wind speed observations to derive the L2.5 product. All datasets are distributed on a 0.25 degree cylindrical coordinate grid. This dataset is one in a series of First-Look (FLK) CCMP datasets and is a continuation and expansion of the SSM/I surface wind velocity project that began under the NASA Pathfinder Program. Refinements and upgrades to the FLK version will be incorporated under a new release (date to be determined) known as Late-look (LLK) and may include additional satellite datasets. All satellite surface wind data are obtained from REMSS under the DISCOVER project: Distributed Information Services: Climate/Ocean Products and Visualizations for Earth Research (http://www.discover-earth.org/index.html). The CCMP project is the result of an investigation funded by the NASA Making Earth Science data records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program (http://community.eosdis.nasa.gov/measures/). In accordance with the MEaSUREs program, the CCMP datasets are also known as Earth System Data Records (ESDRs). In collaboration with private and government institutions, a team led by Dr. Robert Atlas (PI; proposal originally solicited by REASoN, and currently funded by MEaSURES) has created the CCMP project to provide multi-instrument ocean surface wind velocity ESDRs, with wide ranging research applications in meteorology and oceanography.
Dataset Policy created for CCMP_MEASURES_ATLAS_L4_OW_L3_5A_5DAY_WIND_VECTORS_FLK
Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform Ocean Surface Wind Vector L3.5A Pentad First-Look Analyses
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F15
Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F17
DMSP 5D-3/F15
SSMIS
DMSP 5D-3/F17
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is a NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project is comprised of two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. A ship mast meteorological sensor package with an additional set of sophisticated sensors, including a direct covariance flux package was set up on both SPURS-2 Revelle cruises. These provided georeferenced, along-track atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, IR/visible radiation, rain, and wind speed and air-sea flux measurements. Resulting data are packaged in netCDF files (one per cruise) with standards compliant metadata.
Carol Anne Clayson
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
SPURS-2 Research vessel Meteorological series data for the E. Tropical Pacific field campaign R/V Revelle cruises
SPURS Field Campaign Meteorology Products
Ship-based Thermosalinograph
THERMOSALINOGRAPHS
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged overdaily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the mission cummulative rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Mission Cumulative Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Mission Cumulative Data V5.0
This dataset contains GIF images of polar-stereographic-gridded Sigma-0 retrievals over the Antarctic Polar region from SeaWinds on ADEOS-II subsetted and averaged twice daily at the local time-of-day (LTOD); local times are approximately morning (00:00 to 08:00 local) and evening (16:00 to 24:00 local). The eight hour interval at each LTOD reference of morning vs. evening corresponds to the natural boundaries of time separation within the data at polar latitudes. Hence, morning and evening are used as approximations for the LTOD reference, where the actual LTOD may vary within the respective 8 hour interval. It should be noted that these GIF images are meant for browse purposes only and should not be considered science quality. The GIF images are generated from a scientific dataset employing a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU); the science quality source dataset containing the SIR files used to generate the GIF images is accessible here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SEAWINDS_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ANTARCTIC_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_LTOD. The SeaWinds scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. As with the SIR files, the GIF images are separated according to polarization. For example, one SIR file for a particular day and LTOD will contain the gridded average Sigma-0 values derived from the horizontally polarized L1B retrievals, while the other will contain those from the vertically polarized L1B retrievals. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
SeaWinds on ADEOS-II Level 3 Sigma-0 Polar-Stereographic Local-Time-of-Day Browse Images of Antarctic Region
Version 5.0 Aquarius CAP Level 3 products are the fourth release of the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mapped salinity and wind speed data based on the Combined Active Passive (CAP) algorithm. CAP Level 3 standard mapped image products contain gridded 1 degree spatial resolution salinity and wind speed data averaged over 7 day and monthly time scales. This particular dataset is the monthly sea surface salinity (SSS) rain corrected V5.0 Aquarius CAP product. CAP is a P.I. produced dataset developed and provided by JPL. The CAP algorithm utilizes data from both the onboard radiometer and scatterometer to simultaneously retrieve salinity, wind speed and direction by minimizing the sum of squared differences between model and observations. The main improvements in CAP V5.0 relative to the previous version include: updates to the Geophysical Model Functions to 4th order harmonics with the inclusion of sea surface temperature (SST) and stability at air-sea interface effects; use of the Canadian Meteorological Center (CMC) SST product as the new source ancillary sea surface temperature data in place of NOAA OI SST. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius CAP Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Rain Corrected Standard Mapped Image Monthly Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonaltime scales. This particular data set is the 28-Day running mean, Ascending wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Ascending 28-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Ascending 28-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
Contains monthly averaged ocean surface wind stress derived from Seasat-A Scatterometer (SASS) wind retrievals, from July 1978 until October 1978, gridded on a 2.5-degree by 2.5 degree global grid. The vector average wind stress is stored in units of dynes per centimeter squared (dyn/cm^2). Data is provided in formatted ASCII text. The primary data set used to construct these wind stress fields consists of 96 days of SASS vector winds supplied by Robert Atlas at GSFC. The directional ambiguities in the raw SASS data had been objectively removed using the GSFC Laboratory for Atmospheric Sciences atmospheric general circulation model.
GSFC/JPL
SEASAT SCATTEROMETER DERIVED GLOBAL GRIDDED MONTHLY OCEAN WIND STRESS (Chelton)
Seasat-A Scatterometer System
SEASAT-A
SEASAT
GSFC/JPL/NCAR
SASS
WIND STRESS
FOR EXPERT USE ONLY. This dataset contains estimates of the total month-by-month geopotential of the Earth, derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) mission measurements, produced by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The data are provided in spherical harmonic coefficients, averaged over approximately a month. The primary objective of the GRACE-FO mission is to obtain accurate estimates of the mean and time-variable components of the gravity field and corresponding Earth mass change variations, such as from polar ice sheets and mountain glaciers; total water storage on land (from groundwater changes in deep aquifers to changes in soil moisture and surface water); changes in deep ocean currents; and changes within the solid Earth itself, such as postglacial rebound and the impact of major earthquakes. This objective is achieved by making continuous measurements of the change in distance between twin spacecraft, co-orbiting in about 490 km altitude, near circular, polar orbit, spaced approximately 220+/-50 km apart, using a microwave ranging system. In addition to these inter-satellite range changes, the non-gravitational forces acting on each satellite are measured using a high accuracy electrostatic accelerometer. The satellite orientation and position (and timing) are precisely measured using star cameras (with three heads per satellite) and a GPS receiver. Spatial and temporal variations in the gravity field perturb the orbits (or trajectories) of the twin spacecraft differently. These differences lead to minute changes (on the order of tens of micrometers per second) in the distance between the spacecraft as they orbit the Earth. This change in distance (or range rate) is reflected in the time-of-flight of microwave signals transmitted and received nearly simultaneously between the two spacecraft. The change in this time of fight is continuously measured by tracking the phase of the microwave carrier signals. The so called dual-one-way range change measurements can be reconstructed from these phase measurements. This range change (or its numerically derived derivatives), along with other mission and ancillary data, is subsequently analyzed to extract the geopotential coefficients of an Earth gravity field model, typically on a per-month basis.
GRACE-FO Level-2 Monthly Geopotential Spherical Harmonics JPL
GRACEFO_L2_JPL_MONTHLY_0060
GRACE-FO Level-2 Monthly Geopotential Spherical Harmonics JPL Release 6.0 (RL06)
Month
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution derived density averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Daily, sea surface density product for version5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Daily Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Daily Data V5.0
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on an operational basis by the JPL OurOcean group using a multi-scale two-dimensional variational (MS-2DVAR) blending algorithm on a global 0.009 degree grid. This Global 1 km SST (G1SST) analysis uses satellite data from sensors that include the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR), the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSRE), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager (TMI), the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Imager, the Multi-Functional Transport Satellite 1R (MTSAT-1R) radiometer, and in situ data from drifting and moored buoys.
JPL OurOcean Project
JPL NASA
GHRSST Level 4 G1SST Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis
G1SST L4 SST Analysis
Multifunction Transport 2 Imager
NDBC MOORED BUOY
Multi-functional Transport Satellite 1 Replacement
Multifunctional Transport Satellites 1R Imager
The Multi-functional Transport Satellite 2
The OurOcean Team, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
NDBC-MOORED-BUOY
MTSAT 2 Imager
MTSAT 1R Imager
MTSAT-1R
MTSAT-2
The ACSPO G17/ABI L3C (Level 3 Collated) product is a gridded version of the ACSPO G17/ABI L2P product available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/ABI_G17-STAR-L2P-v2.71. The L3C output files are 1hr granules in NetCDF4 format, compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). Due to the loop heat pipe (LHP) issue on G17 ABI, there are only 13 granules available per 24hr interval, from 20UTC to 08UTC, followed by a break from 09UTC to 19UTC, with a total data volume of 0.1GB/day. Valid SSTs are found over oceans, sea, lakes or rivers, with fill values reported elsewhere. The following additional layers are also reported: SST, ACSPO clear-sky mask (ACSM; provided in each grid as part of l2p_flags, which also includes day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags), NCEP wind speed and ACSPO SST minus reference (Canadian Met Centre 0.1deg L4 SST; available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/CMC0.1deg-CMC-L4-GLOB-v3.0 ). All valid SSTs in L3C are recommended for users, although data over internal waters may not have enough in situ data to be adequately validated. Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel with valid SST. The ACSPO VIIRS L3U product is monitored and validated against iQuam in situ data (Xu and Ignatov, 2014) in SQUAM (Dash et al, 2010).
GHRSST NOAA/STAR GOES-17 ABI L3C America Region SST dataset in GDS2
GHRSST NOAA/STAR GOES-17 ABI L3C America Region SST v2.71 dataset in GDS2
America
GOES-S
GOES-17
This dataset contains GIF images of polar-stereographic-gridded, daily averaged Sigma-0 retrievals over the Antarctic Polar from the SeaWinds L1B retrievals, which are generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU). The SeaWinds scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. The GIF image files are separated according to polarization, and the averaged Sigma-0 measurements are displayed in grayscale with no color bar. Very bright areas indicate high Sigma-0 averages. It should be noted that these GIF images are meant for browse purposes only and should not be considered science quality. The science quality source dataset containing the SIR files used to generate the GIF images is accessible here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SEAWINDS_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ANTARCTICA_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_LITE. An additional complimentary dataset of SIR files contains the full daily Sigma-0 statistcs: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SEAWINDS_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ANTARCTICA_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_FULL. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
SeaWinds on ADEOS-II Level 3 Sigma-0 Polar-Stereographic Browse Images of Antarctica
OSCAR (Ocean Surface Current Analysis Real-time) contains near-surface ocean current estimates, derived using quasi-linear and steady flow momentum equations. The horizontal velocity is directly estimated from sea surface height, surface vector wind and sea surface temperature data. These input data sources are derived from various satellites and in situ instruments. The model formulation combines geostrophic, Ekman and Stommel shear dynamics, and a complementary term from the surface buoyancy gradient. Data are on a 1 degree grid with a 5 day resolution. OSCAR is generated by Earth Space Research (ESR) https://www.esr.org/research/oscar/oscar-surface-currents/
Dataset Policy created for OSCAR_L4_OC_1deg
OSCAR 1 degree ocean surface currents
OSCAR 1 deg
Adaptive Leading Edge Subwaveform (ALES) provides coastal and open ocean altimetric measurements by applying a specialized retracker to Jason-2 data. This is an along-track dataset that takes takes the high frequency SGDR data and retracks it to remove the waveforms that show land contamination. Therefore these data are provided at 20 Hz. It is similar to the Jason-2 SGDR data except that it also includes ALES variables for the range, significant wave height and sigma0 so that the user can calculate the retracked SSHA.
Passaro, M., P. Cipollini, S. Vignudelli, G. D. Quartly, and H. M. Snaith
NOC
ALES Jason-2 Coastal Altimetry
ALES_L2_OST_JASON2_V1
ALES Jason-2 Coastal Altimetry Version 1
Turbo Rouge Space Receiver
TRSR
OSTM
These data consist of Geos-3 altimeter measurements produced by NOAA/NODC/Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry. The dataset contains 5,006,956 altimetric sea surface heights and supporting information such as sea state, wind speed, Schwiderski ocean tide height, and Cartwright solid-tide height. Corrections for altimeter bias, wet and dry troposheric delays, and electromagnetic bias are not included. The corrections in this dataset (tides and even orbit height) are old and not very accurate. This dataset should only be used by those with an expertise in altimetry. Measurements are compressed to a rate of 1 per second using a trim mean filter. Data values are written in binary format.
DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NODC
GEOS-3 ALTIMETER GEOPHYSICAL DATA RECORD 1975-1978
GEOS-3_ALT_GDR
Geodynamics and Earth Ocean Satellite 3
Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite-3
Geodetic and Earth Orbiting Satellite 3
GEOS-3
GEOS-3 ALTIMETER
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, thermal-IR SST level 3, 9km, daily, daytime product.
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 9km Daytime v2014.0
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is an oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-1 campaign involved a series of 5 cruises during 2012 - 2013 seeking to characterize the salinity structure and balance in a high salinity, high evaporation, and low rainfall region of the subtropical North Atlantic. It aims to resolve processes responsible for maintaining the subtropical surface salinity maximum in this region and within a 900 x 800-mile square study area centered at 25N, 38W. CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth) profilers were deployed at stations on each of the 5 SPURS-1 cruises. These shipboard lowered CTD probes provide continuous conductivity, salinity, and temperature vertical profile observations at fixed sampling locations. There were 100, 52, 17, 22 and 94 CTD casts made during the Knorr, Endeavor-1, Endeavor-2, Sarmiento, and Thalassa cruises respectively. All CTD data were calibrated using shipboard salinometers using IAPSO standard seawater. SPURS-1 shipboard CTD data files (one per cruise) contain the observational data processed to 1 meter bin depth intervals.
SPURS-1 research vessel CTD profile data for N. Atlantic cruises
SPURS Field Campaign CTD Products
R/V Thalassa (IFREMER, France)
R/V Thalassa
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped mid-Infrared SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 3 and 4 mid-IR bands (MODIS channels 20,21,22 and 23). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, mid-IR SST level 3, 4km, 8-day, nighttime product.
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST MID-IR 8 day 4km Nighttime v2014.0
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the mission series mean or cumulative wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Mission Cumulative
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Mission Cumulative V5.0
This dataset contains the RapidScat Level 2B 12.5km Version 1.2 science-quality ocean surface wind vectors, which are intended as a replacement and continuation of the Version 1.1 data forward from orbital revolution number 5127, corresponding to 19 August 2015; the overlapping time period starting on 19 August 2015 corresponds to the first time period of the recorded low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The Level 2B wind vectors are binned on a 12.5 km Wind Vector Cell (WVC) grid and processed using the Level 2A Sigma-0 dataset. RapidScat is a Ku-band dual beam circular rotating scatterometer retaining much of the same hardware and functionality of QuikSCAT, with exception of the antenna sub-system and digital interface to the International Space Station (ISS) Columbus module, which is where RapidScat is mounted. The NASA mission is officially referred to as ISS-RapidScat. Unlike QuikSCAT, ISS-RapidScat is not in sun-synchronous orbit, and flies at roughly half the altitude with a low inclination angle that restricts data coverage to the tropics and mid-latitude regions; the extent of latitudinal coverage stretches from approximately 61 degrees North to 61 degrees South. Furthermore, there is no consistent local time of day retrieval. This dataset is provided in a netCDF-3 file format that follows the netCDF-4 classic model (i.e., generated by the netCDF-4 API) and made available via FTP and OPeNDAP. For data access, please click on the "Data Access" tab above. This Version 1.2 dataset differs from the previous Version 1.1 dataset as follows: 1) L1B sigma-0 has been re-calibrated during the periods of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and 2) during low SNR periods the L1B sigma-0 calibration is determined using re-pointed L1B QuikSCAT data. It is advised for users to avoid using the "wind_obj" variable in this dataset since it is minimally applicable and meant primarily for quality assurance; for users who wish to access the objective function values for each ambiguity, it is suggested to use only the "ambiguity_obj" variable. The "wind_obj" variable contains DIRTH probabilities (which are derived form the "ambiguity_obj" objective function values) in the range of 0 to 1 indicating the conditional probability that the true direction is within + or - 2.5 degrees of the retrieved wind direction given the observed backscatter measurements in the cell. If you have any questions or concerns, please visit our Forum at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/forum/.
RapidScat Level 2B Ocean Wind Vectors in 12.5km Slice Composites
RapidScat Level 2B Ocean Wind Vectors in 12.5km Slice Composites Version 1.2
A regional Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-18 platform (launched 20 May 2005) produced and used operationally in oceanographic analyses and forecasts by the US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO). The AVHRR is a space-borne scanning sensor on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) family of Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) having a operational legacy that traces back to the Television Infrared Observation Satellite-N (TIROS-N) launched in 1978. AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micrometer) and near-infrared (0.9 micrometer) regions, the third one is located around 3.5 micrometer, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micrometers, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micrometer. Typically the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive SST sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The NOAA platforms are sun synchronous generally viewing the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent) due to the relatively large AVHRR swath of approximately 2400 km. The highest ground resolution that can be obtained from the current AVHRR instruments is 1.1 km at nadir. AVHRR data are acquired in three formats: High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT), Local Area Coverage (LAC), and Global Area Coverage (GAC). HRPT data are full resolution image data transmitted to a ground stations as they are collected. LAC are also full resolution data, but the acquisition is prescheduled and recorded with an on-board tape recorder for subsequent transmission during a station overpass. GAC data provide daily subsampled global coverage recorded on tape recorders and then transmitted to a ground station. This particular dataset is derived from LAC data. Further binning and averaging of the 1.1 km LAC pixels results in a final dataset resolution of 2.2 km. The coverage of the LAC data can vary but generally contains scenes over the oceans adjacent to Australia and the North Indian Ocean.
2005-12-06. B D McKenzie: Original; 2006-04-10 E. Armstrong
GHRSST Level 2P Regional Bulk Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-18 satellite produced by NAVO
N-18 AVHRR LAC L2P swath SST data set
A regional Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 3 Collated (L3C) dataset for the America Region (AMERICAS) based on retrievals from the GOES-13 Imager on board GOES-13 satellite. The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT),Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near realtime from GOES 13 in East position. GOES 13 imager level 1 data are acquired at Meteo-France/Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system.SST is retrieved from the GOES 13 infrared channels (3.9 and 10.8 micrometer) using a multispectralalgorithm. Due to the lack of 12 micrometer channel in the GOES 13 imager, SST retrieval is not possiblein daytime conditions. Atmospheric profiles of water vapor and temperature from a numericalweather prediction model, together with a radiatiave transfer model, are used to correct themultispectral algorithm for regional and seasonal biases due to changing atmospheric conditions.Every 30 minutes slot is processed at full satellite resolution. The operational products are thenproduced by remapping over a 0.05 degree regular grid (60S-60N and 135W-15W) SST fieldsobtained by aggregating 30 minute SST data available in one hour time, and the priority beinggiven to the value the closest in time to the product nominal hour. The product format is compliantwith the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2.
EUMETSAT offers no warranty and accepts no liability in respect of the Ocean & Sea Ice SAF products. EUMETSAT neither commits to nor guarantees the continuity, availability, or quality or suitability for any purpose of, the Ocean & Sea Ice SAF products
AMERICAS GOES13 SST
AMERICAS GOES13 SST data set
GHRSST Level 3C sub-skin Sea Surface Temperature from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES 13) Imager in East position (GDS V2) produced by OSI SAF
Americas
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 13
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 13-Imager
OSISAF
GOES-13
GOES-13 Imager
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODAM-1D4N4
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR Daily 4km Nighttime
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR Daily 4km Nighttime V2019.0
Day and night spatially gridded global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODST-MO9D4
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 9km Daytime
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 9km Daytime V2019.0
Jason-1 Microwave Radiometer JMR Corrections in NETCDF v4 format organized by half orbits (cycle/pass)
Jason-1
Jason-1 JMR netCDF
JASON-1_JMR_E
Jason-1 Microwave Radiometer version E
NASA/JPL/TPJOT
This dataset is similar to the OSTM/Jason-2 Operation Geophysical Data Record (OGDR) that is distributed at NOAA (ftp://data.nodc.noaa.gov/pub/data.nodc/jason2/ogdr/), but also includes a GPS based orbit and Sea Surface Height Anomalies (SSHA) calculated from that orbit, as supposed to the DORIS based orbit that is already available in the OGDR. It has a 5 hour time lag due to the time needed to recalculate the orbit and SSHA. The GPS orbits have been shown to be more accurate than the DORIS orbits on a near real time scale and therefore produces a more accurate SSHA. This is specifically for the Long Repeat Orbit (LRO) and starts with cycle 500. This new orbit is lower at 1309.5 km. Because of the new orbit the errors in SSHA are increased.
Shailen Desai
OSTM/Jason-2 GPS based orbit and SSHA OGDR Long Repeat Orbit
OSTM_L2_OST_OGDR_GPS_LRO
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. The Controlled Flux Technique (CFT) is a system for measuring the net heat transfer velocity and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation at the ocean surface, and is a useful tool for studying the turbulence generated at the ocean surface by the impact of raindrops. CFT was employed during both SPURS-2 Revelle cruises. It involves a laser heating a small patch of water on the ocean surface, and an infrared imaging camera then tracking the resulting thermal decay. This decay is known to be proportional to the dissipation of TKE at the water surface, which in turn can be used to scale the transfer velocity for the net heat flux. SPURS2 CFT data take the form of a series of .raw video files each with corresponding .met text header files containing the associated file metadata. The CFT data was recorded at 15 frames per second (fps) during the first Revelle cruise in 2016, and at 25 fps during the second in 2017. Matlab CFT reader software are provided by UW/APL and distributed here with the CFT data files.
W. Asher
Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105
SPURS-2 Controlled Flux Technique (CFT) data for the E. Tropical Pacific field campaign R/V Revelle cruises
SPURS Field Campaign Rawinsonde Products
TURBULENCE
This dataset contains operational near-real-time Level 2 ocean surface wind vector retrievals from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) on MetOp-B at 25 km sampling resolution (note: the effective resolution is 50 km). It is a product of the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) provided through the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). The wind vector retrievals are currently processed using the CMOD.n geophysical model function using a Hamming filter to spatially average the Sigma-0 data in the ASCAT L1B data. Each file is provided in netCDF version 3 format, and contains one full orbit derived from 3-minute orbit granules. Latency is approximately 2 hours from the latest measurement. The beginning of the orbit is defined by the first wind vector cell measurement within the first 3-minute orbit granule that starts north of the Equator in the ascending node. ASCAT is a C-band dual swath fan beam radar scatterometer providing two independent swaths of backscatter retrievals in sun-synchronous polar orbit aboard the MetOp-B platform. For more information on the MetOp-B mission, please visit: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/OceanWind/MetOp . For more timely announcements, users are encouraged to register with the KNMI scatterometer email list: scat@knmi.nl. Users are also highly advised to check the dataset user guide periodically for updates and new information on known problems and issues. All intellectual property rights of the OSI SAF products belong to EUMETSAT. The use of these products is granted to every interested user, free of charge. If you wish to use these products, EUMETSAT's copyright credit must be shown by displaying the words "copyright (year) EUMETSAT" on each of the products used.
KNMI
KNMI, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute
MetOp-B ASCAT Level 2 25.0km Ocean Surface Wind Vectors in Full Orbit Swath
MetOp-B ASCAT Level 2 25.0 km Ocean Surface Wind Vectors
Advanced Scatterometer
Meteorological Operational
EUMETSAT/OSI SAF/KNMI
MetOp
ASCAT
All users publishing with PO.DAAC data from our providers and partners, please add a citation as outlined here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/WEB_INFO/citations.html. This product is intended for operational use only and has not been thoroughly evaluated for scientific applications. Please use with caution.
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Annual,Descending sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Annual Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Annual Data V5.0
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, thermal-IR SST level 3, 4km, 8-day, daytime product.
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 4km Daytime v2014.0
The Smith & Reynolds Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) Level 4 dataset provides a historical reconstruction of monthly global ocean surface temperatures and temperature anomalies over a 2 degree spatial grid since 1854 from in-situ observations based on a consistent statistical methodology that accounts for uneven sampling distributions over time and related observational biases. Version 4 of this dataset implements release 2.5 of ICOADS (International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set) and is supplemented by monthly GTS (Global Telecommunications Ship and buoy) system data. As for the prior ERSST version, v4 implements Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnection analysis (EOT) but with an improved tuning method for sparsely sampled regions and periods. ERSST anomalies are computed with respect to a 1971-2000 monthly climatology. The version 4 has been improved from previous version 3b. Major revisions include updated and substantially more complete input data from the ICOADS release 2.5, revised EOTs and EOT acceptance criterion, updated SST quality control procedures, revised SST anomaly evaluation methods, updated bias adjustments of ship SSTs using the Hadley Centre Nighttime Marine Air Temperature dataset version 2 (HadNMAT2), and buoy SST bias adjustment not previously made in v3b. The ERSST v4 in netCDF format contains extended reconstructed sea surface temperature, SST anomaly, and associated estimated SST error standard deviation fields, incompliance with CF1.6 standard metadata.
NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
NOAA Smith and Reynolds Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) Level 4 Monthly
NOAA Smith and Reynolds Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) Level 4 Monthly Version 4 Dataset in netCDF
NOAA/NCEI
Jason-1 Microwave Radiometer JMR Corrections in NETCDF v4 format organized by half orbits (cycle/pass) for version E in the geodetic orbit (cycles 500 and greater).
ITAR controlled http://exportcompliance.jpl.nasa.gov/guidelines/sciencedata/ project use only
Jason-1 JMR Geodetic
JASON-1_JMR_GEODETIC
Jason-1 Microwave Radiometer version E Geodetic
Jason-1 Geodetic
Jason-1 NASA
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged overdaily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Seasonal rain-flagged rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Data V5.0
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODSA-1D4N4
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 4km Nighttime
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 4km Nighttime V2019.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution derived density averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the 7-Day, sea surface density product for version5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Data V5.0
The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) operated by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) support weather forecasting, severe storm tracking, meteorology and oceanography research. Generally there are several GOES satellites in geosynchronous orbit at any one time viewing different earth locations including the GOES-15 launched 4 March 2010. The radiometer aboard the satellite, The GOES N-P Imager, is a five channel (one visible, four infrared) imaging radiometer designed to sense radiant and solar reflected energy from sampled areas of the earth. The multi-element spectral channels simultaneously sweep east-west and west-east along a north-to-south path by means of a two-axis mirror scan system retuning telemetry in 10-bit precision. For this Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset, skin sea surface temperature (SST) measurements are calculated from the far IR channels of GOES-15 at full resolution on a half hourly basis. In native satellite projection, vertically adjacent pixels are averaged and read out at every pixel. L2P datasets including Single Sensor Error Statistics (SSES) are then derived following the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2.0. The full disk image is subsetted into granules representing distinct northern and southern regions.
Sea Surface Temperature produced by NOAA/NESDIS
GHRSST Sea Surface Temperature 146W-105E and 72N-44S, at 0.05 degree resolution from GOES-15 Imager
GHRSST Level 2P Central Pacific Regional Skin Sea Surface Temperature from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) Imager on the GOES-15 satellite (GDS version 2)
Pacific
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the 7-Day, Descending rain-flagged rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending 7-Day Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending 7-Day Data V5.0
High quality Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) maps derived from the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)-Polar Orbiting Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) have been available since 1981. The multichannel sea surface temperature algorithm (MCSST) has been used to routinely calculate SSTs using a split window approach. Currently this algorithm is applied by the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) to calculate SSTs at a near real-time rate.
Dataset Policy created for AVHRR_NAVOCEANO_L3_18km_MCSST_NIGHTTIME
AVHRR NAVOCEANO Level 3 18km Multi-Channel SST Nighttime
NAVOCEANO MCSST Level 3 18km SST
NAVO
NAVOCEANO
1 Week
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the Seasonal wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution density data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the 28-Day running mean, Descending seasurface density product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Descending 28-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Descending 28-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
This dataset represents the first historically reprocessed Level 2 ocean surface wind vector climate data record from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) on MetOp-A sampled on a 25 km grid. Products at 25-km sampling are less noisy than 12.5-km products, but also contain less geophysical information on small scales and near the coasts. The wind vector retrievals are currently processed using the CMOD7 geophysical model function using a Hamming filter to spatially average the Level 1 Sigma-0 data over 25 km swath grid cells. Each file corresponds to one complete orbit and is provided in netCDF version 3 format. The beginning of the orbit files is defined near the South Pole. ASCAT is a C-band fan beam radar scatterometer, providing two independent swaths of backscatter retrievals, aboard the MetOp-A platform in sun-synchronous polar orbit. It is a product of the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) provided through the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). For more information on the MetOp mission, please visit: https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/OceanWind/MetOp. For access to more contemporaneous and near-real-time MetOp-A ASCAT 25-km data, please visit: https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/ASCATA-L2-25km. For more timely announcements, users are encouraged to register with the KNMI scatterometer email list: scat@knmi.nl. All intellectual property rights of the OSI SAF products belong to EUMETSAT. The use of these products is granted to every interested user, free of charge. If you wish to use these products, EUMETSAT's copyright credit must be shown by displaying the words "copyright (year) EUMETSAT" on each of the products used. Use cases and feedback on the products will be much appreciated and in fact helps to sustain the reprocessing capability.
MetOp-A ASCAT Level 2 25-km Ocean Surface Wind Vector Climate Data Record
A regional Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 3 Collated (L3C) dataset for the North Atlantic Region (NAR) based on retrievals from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near real time from Metop/AVHRR and SNPP/VIIRS. Global AVHRR level 1b data are acquired at Meteo-France/Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system. NAR SNPP/VIIRS level 0 data are acquired through direct readout and converted into l1b at CMS. SST is retrieved from the AVHRR and VIIRS infrared channels using a multispectral algorithm. This product is delivered as four six hourly collated files per day on a regular 2km grid. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2.
GHRSST Level 3C North Atlantic Regional (NAR) subskin Sea Surface Temperature from SNPP/VIIRS (GDS V2) produced by OSI SAF
NPP VIIRS NAR SST data set
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is an oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-1 campaign involved a series of 5 cruises during 2012 - 2013 seeking to characterize the salinity structure and balance in a high salinity, high evaporation, and low rainfall region of the subtropical North Atlantic. It aims to resolve processes responsible for maintaining the subtropical surface salinity maximum in this region and within a 900 x 800-mile square study area centered at 25N, 38W. Approximately 83 drifters were deployed during the SPURS-1 campaign. A drifter is a passive Lagrangian sensor platform consisting of a surface buoy and tethered subsurface drogue. Drifter buoys contain GPS/ARGOS and satellite data transmitters, with sensors measuring temperature and other properties. For SPURS-1, these were standard Surface Velocity Program (SVP) drifters with salinity sensors added (SVP/S). Data for both US and European drifter deployments during SPURS-1 are available here. For each series, drifter data have been aggregrated within single netCDF data filea with their corresponding drifter-IDs and associaciated near-surface salinity, temperaure georeferenced (GPS and ARGOS) trajectory series data.
Drifter data for the SPURS-1 N. Atlantic field campaign
SPURS-1 Field Campaign Drifter Data Products
SPURS-I SVP Drifters
Drifter
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the 7-Day,Descending wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Goddard Ocean Color Group, Gene Feldman, Joel Gales
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Descending 7-Day Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Descending 7-Day Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution density data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Monthly, Ascending sea surface densityproduct for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Daily,Descending sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Daily Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Daily Data V5.0
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped mid-Infrared SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 3 and 4 mid-IR bands (MODIS channels 20,21,22 and 23). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, mid-IR SST level 3, 4km, daily, nighttime product.
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR Daily 4km Nighttime v2014.0
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, thermal-IR SST level 3, 9km, monthly, daytime product.
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 9km Daytime v2014.0
FOR EXPERT USE ONLY. This dataset contains estimates of geopotential field derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission measurements and a non-tidal oceanic and atmospheric model produced by the Center for Space Research (CSR) at University of Texas at Austin. The data are in spherical harmonics averaged over approximately a month. The primary objective of the GRACE mission is to obtain accurate estimates of the mean and time-variable components of the gravity field variations. This objective is achieved by making continuous measurements of the change in distance between twin spacecraft, co-orbiting in about 500 km altitude, near circular, polar orbit, spaced approximately 200 km apart, using a microwave ranging system. In addition to these range change, the non-gravitional forces are measured on each satellite using a high accuracy electrostatic, room-temperature accelerometer. The satellite orientation and position (and timing) are precisely measured using twin star cameras and a GPS receiver, respectively. Spatial and temporal variations in the gravity field affect the orbits (or trajectories) of the twin spacecraft differently. These differences are manifested as changes in the distance between the spacecraft, as they orbit the Earth. This change in distance is reflected in the time-of-flight of microwave signals transmitted and received nearly simultaneously between the two spacecraft. The change in this time of fight is continuously measured by tracking the phase of the microwave carrier signals. The so called dual-one-way range change measurements can be reconstructed from these phase measurements. This range change (or its numerically derived derivatives), along with other mission and ancillary data, is subsequently analyzed to extract the parameters of an Earth gravity field model.
CSR
GRACE NON-TIDAL ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN GEOPOTENTIAL COEFFICIENTS CSR (GAC)
GRACE_GAC_L2_GRAV_CSR_RL06
GRACE NON-TIDAL ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN GEOPOTENTIAL COEFFICIENTS CSR RELEASE 6.0 GAC
GRACE/CSR
These data are near-real-time (NRT) (within 7-9 hours of measurement) sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) from the AltiKa altimeter onboard the Satellite with ARgos and ALtiKa (SARAL). SARAL is a French(CNES)/Indian(SARAL) collaborative mission to measure sea surface height using the Ka-band AltiKa altimeter and was launched February 25, 2013. The major difference between these data and the Operational Geophysical Data Record (OGDR) data produced by the project is that the orbit from SARAL has been adjusted using SSHA differences with those from the OSTM/Jason-2 GPS-OGDR-SSHA product at inter-satellite crossover locations. This produces a more accurate NRT orbit altitude for SARAL with accuracy of 1.5 cm (RMS), taking advantage of the 1 cm (radial RMS) accuracy of the GPS-based orbit used for the OSTM/Jason-2 GPS-OGDR-SSHA product. This dataset also contains all data from the project (reduced) OGDR, and improved altimeter wind speeds and sea state bias correction. More information on the SARAL mission can be found at: http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/en/missions/current-missions/saral.html
SARAL Near-Real-Time Value-added Operational Geophysical Data Record Sea Surface Height Anomaly
ALTIKA_SARAL_L2_OST_XOGDR
AltiKa
Satellite with Argos and AltiKa
Satellite with ARgos and ALtiKa
SARAL
ALTIKA Altimeter
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODAM-MO4N4
OBPG, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD,USA
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR Monthly 4km Nighttime
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR Monthly 4km Nighttime V2019.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. Thisparticular data set is the mission series mean or cumulative, Ascending sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Mission Cumulative Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Mission Cumulative Data V5.0
This dataset is derived under the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) project and contains a value-added monthly mean ocean surface wind and pseudostress to approximate a satellite-only climatological data record. The CCMP datasets combine cross-calibrated satellite winds obtained from Remote Sensing Systems (REMSS) using a Variational Analysis Method (VAM) to produce a high-resolution (0.25 degree) gridded analysis. The CCMP data set includes cross-calibrated satellite winds derived from SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR-E, TRMM TMI, QuikSCAT, SeaWinds, WindSat and other satellite instruments as they become available from REMSS. REMSS uses a cross-calibrated sea-surface emissivity model function which improves the consistency between wind speed retrievals from microwave radiometers (i.e., SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR, TMI, WindSat) and those from scatterometers (i.e., QuikSCAT and SeaWinds). The VAM combines these data with in situ measurements and a starting estimate (first guess) of the wind field. The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-40 Reanalysis is used as the first-guess from 1987 to 1998. The ECMWF Operational analysis is used from January 1999 onward. All wind observations and analysis fields are referenced to a height of 10 meters. The ERA-40 can be obtained from the Computation and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR): http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds117.0/. The ECMWF Operational analysis can also be obtained from CISL at NCAR: http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds111.1/. Three products are distributed to complete the CCMP dataset series. L3.0 product contains high-resolution analyses every 6-hours. These data are then time averaged over monthly and 5-day periods to derive the L3.5 product. Directions from the L3.0 product are then assigned to the time and location of the passive microwave satellite wind speed observations to derive the L2.5 product. All datasets are distributed on a 0.25 degree cylindrical coordinate grid. This dataset is one in a series of First-Look (FLK) CCMP datasets and is a continuation and expansion of the SSM/I surface wind velocity project that began under the NASA Pathfinder Program. Refinements and upgrades to the FLK version will be incorporated under a new release (date to be determined) known as Late-look (LLK) and may include additional satellite datasets. All satellite surface wind data are obtained from REMSS under the DISCOVER project: Distributed Information Services: Climate/Ocean Products and Visualizations for Earth Research (http://www.discover-earth.org/index.html). The CCMP project is the result of an investigation funded by the NASA Making Earth Science data records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program (http://community.eosdis.nasa.gov/measures/). In accordance with the MEaSUREs program, the CCMP datasets are also known as Earth System Data Records (ESDRs). In collaboration with private and government institutions, a team led by Dr. Robert Atlas (PI; proposal originally solicited by REASoN, and currently funded by MEaSURES) has created the CCMP project to provide multi-instrument ocean surface wind velocity ESDRs, with wide ranging research applications in meteorology and oceanography.
Dataset Policy created for CCMP_MEASURES_ATLAS_L4_OW_L3_5A_MONTHLY_WIND_VECTORS_FLK
Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform Ocean Surface Wind Vector L3.5A Monthly First-Look Analyses
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is a NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project is comprised of two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. The Seaglider is an autonomous profiler measuring salinity and temperature. A total of five Seagliders were deployed over the two SPURS2 cruises. Three Seagliders were deployed on the first Revelle cruise in August 2016, recovered by the Lady Amber after 7 months and redeployed, to be retrieved finally during the second cruise in November 2017. One of the Seagliders was deployed alongside and tracked the Lagrangian array across the study region, diving to depths of 1000m. All Seaglider data files are in netCDF format with standards compliant metadata.
Luc Rainville
SPURS-2 Seaglider data for the E. Tropical Pacific field campaign
SPURS-2 Field Campaign Waveglider Data Products
SPURS-I University of Washington Seaglider
Seaglider
CSR TELLUS GRACE-FO Level-3 Monthly Land Water-Equivalent-Thickness
TELLUS_GRFO_L3_CSR_RL06_LND_v03
CSR TELLUS GRACE-FO Level-3 Monthly Land Water-Equivalent-Thickness Surface Mass Anomaly Release 6.0 version 03 in netCDF/ASCII/GeoTIFF Formats
Landerer F. W. and S. C. Swenson, 2012, Accuracy of scaled GRACE terrestrial water storage estimates. Water Resources Research, Vol 48, W04531, 11 PP, doi:10.1029/2011WR011453.
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. The WaMoS wave radar instrument was available during the second R/V Revelle cruise of SPURS-2. WaMoS is a radar-based wave and surface current monitoring system providing wave field imagery and station time series or along track data series for key wave parameter in near near-real time. The single resulting SPURS-2 WaMos data file contains along track wave measurement from the R/V Revelle over the duration of this cruise (5 Oct. to 16 Nov. 2017) for the following essential wave field parameters: wave period, wave length, and wave direction, as well as surface current speed and direction.
Kyla Druska
SPURS-2 research vessel along track WAMOS wave radar data for the second R/V Revelle cruise in the E. Tropical Pacific
SPURS Field Campaign WAMOS Products
WaMoS Wave Radar
WAMOS
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, thermal-IR SST level 3, 4km, daily, nighttime product.
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 4km Nighttime v2014.0
Adaptive Leading Edge Subwaveform (ALES) provides coastal and open ocean altimetric measurements by applying a specialized retracker to Envisat data. This is an along-track dataset that takes takes the high frequency SGDR data and retracks it to remove the waveforms that show land contamination. Therefore these data are provided at 18 Hz. It is similar to the Jason-2 SGDR data except that it also includes ALES variables for the range, significant wave height and sigma0 so that the user can calculate the retracked SSHA.
ALES Envisat Coastal Altimetry
ALES_L2_OST_ENVISAT_V1
ALES Envisat Coastal Altimetry Version 1
ENVISAT MICROWAVE RADIOMETER
MWR
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averagedover daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the 7-Day running mean rain-flagged rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution derived density averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the monthly climatology, sea surface densityproduct for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Monthly Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Monthly Climatology Data V5.0
A regional Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-19 platform (launched 6 Feb 2009) produced and used operationally in oceanographic analyses and forecasts by the US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO). The AVHRR is a space-borne scanning sensor on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) family of Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) having a operational legacy that traces back to the Television Infrared Observation Satellite-N (TIROS-N) launched in 1978. AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micrometer) and near-infrared (0.9 micrometer) regions, the third one is located around 3.5 micrometer, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micrometers, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micrometer. Typically the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive SST sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The NOAA platforms are sun synchronous generally viewing the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent) due to the relatively large AVHRR swath of approximately 2400 km. The highest ground resolution that can be obtained from the current AVHRR instruments is 1.1 km at nadir. AVHRR data are acquired in three formats: High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT), Local Area Coverage (LAC), and Global Area Coverage (GAC). HRPT data are full resolution image data transmitted to a ground stations as they are collected. LAC are also full resolution data, but the acquisition is prescheduled and recorded with an on-board tape recorder for subsequent transmission during a station overpass. GAC data provide daily subsampled global coverage recorded on tape recorders and then transmitted to a ground station. This particular dataset is derived from LAC data. Further binning and averaging of the 1.1 km LAC pixels results in a final dataset resolution of 2.2 km. The coverage of the LAC data can vary but generally contains scenes over the oceans adjacent to Australia and the North Indian Ocean.
GHRSST Level 2P Regional Bulk Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-19 satellite produced by NAVO
N-19 AVHRR LAC L2P swath SST data set
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODSA-MO4N4
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 4km Nighttime
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 4km Nighttime V2019.0
A global 1 km Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the European Meteorological Operational-A (MetOp-A)satellite (launched 19 Oct 2006). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT),Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near realtime from Metop/AVHRR. Global AVHRR level 1b data are acquired at Meteo-France/Centre deMeteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system. SST is retrievedfrom the AVHRR infrared channels (3.7, 10.8 and 12.0 micrometer) using a multispectral algorithm.Atmospheric profiles of water vapor and temperature from a numerical weather prediction model,together with a radiatiave transfer model, are used to correct the multispectral algorithm forregional and seasonal biases due to changing atmospheric conditions. This product is delivered atfull resolution in satellite projection as metagranule corresponding to 3 minutes of acquisition. Theproduct format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2.
METOP_A SST
METOP_A AVHRR swath SST data set
GHRSST Level 2P sub-skin Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on Metop satellites (currently Metop-A) (GDS V2) produced by OSI SAF
1.1 to 6.2 km
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, andseasonal time scales. This particular data set is the monthly climatology, Descending rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onbard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Climatology Data V5.0
This dataset has been superseded by Version 3: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_LEVEL_2B_OWV_COMP_12 . This QuikSCAT Level 2B dataset contains the Version 2 science-quality ocean surface wind vector retrievals from the NASA SeaWinds scatterometer. The Version 2 L2B data continues to be openly distributed to allow sufficient time for community acceptance of the Version 3 dataset. The retrievals are provided on a non-uniform grid within the swath at 25 km pixel resolution. Each L2B file corresponds to a specific orbital revolution (rev) number, which begins at the southernmost point of the ascending orbit. An ASCII inline quality report (Q2B) has been generated for each L2B file; each Q2B file provides statistics of various quality elements pertaining to the processing of a specific L2B file. These wind vector retrievals have been processed using the QSCAT-1 geophysical model function. This is the official dataset produced by the QuikSCAT Project through the SeaWinds Processing and Analysis Center (SeaPAC). The SeaWinds instrument is a conical scanning pencil-beam radar, with dual-beam and dual-polarization capability, operating at Ku-band to provide all-weather ocean surface wind vector retrievals. This represents the 2nd version of the L2B processing. For more information on the QuikSCAT platform and mission, please visit http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/OceanWind/QuikSCAT .
Dataset policy entry migrated from the PO.DAAC Ingres database.
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 2B Ocean Wind Vectors in 25 Km Swath Grid
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 2B Ocean Wind Vectors in 25 Km Swath Grid Version 2
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonaltime scales. This particular data set is the 7-Day running mean wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
The NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) Level 2 ocean wind vectors in 50 km wind vector cell (WVC) swaths contain daily data from ascending and descending passes. Wind vectors are accurate to within 2 m/s (vector speed) and 20 degrees (vector direction). Wind vectors are not considered valid in rain contaminated regions; rain flags and precipitation information are not provided. Data is flagged where measurements are either missing, ambiguous, or contaminated by land/sea ice. Winds are calculated using the NSCAT-2 model function. This is the most up-to-date version, which designates the final phase of calibration, validation and science data processing, which was completed in November of 1998, on behalf of the JPL NSCAT Project; wind vectors are processed using the NSCAT-2 geophysical model function.
NSCAT Level 2 Ocean Wind Vectors
NSCAT Level 2 Ocean Wind Vector Geophysical Data Record
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Monthly, Descending sea surfacesalinity smoothed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Smoothed Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Smoothed Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Data V5.0
This dataset contains polar-stereographic-gridded, daily averaged Sigma-0 retrievals over the Arctic Polar region from the QuikSCAT L1B retrievals, which are generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU); the processed files are therefore known as SIR files. The QuikSCAT scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. The SIR files are separated according to polarization. For example, one SIR file for a particular day will contain the gridded average Sigma-0 values for the horizontally polarized L1B retrievals, while the other will contain those from the vertically polarized L1B retrievals. These SIR files were also used to generate a complimentary dataset of GIF images representing the daily averaged Sigma-0, which is meant for browse purposes only and available here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ARCTIC_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_IMAGES. An expanded version of this dataset includes the full daily Sigma-0 statistcs: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ARCTIC_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_FULL. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
Dataset Policy created for QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ARCTIC_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_LITE
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 3 Sigma-0 Polar-Stereographic Browse Maps (Reduced) of Arctic Region
BYU/CRS/SCP
This dataset contains global, rectangular-gridded, daily averaged Sigma-0 retrievals from the SeaWinds L1B retrievals, which are generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU); the processed files are therefore known as SIR files. The SeaWinds scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. The SIR files are separated according to polarization. For example, one SIR file for a particular day will contain the globally gridded average Sigma-0 values for the horizontally polarized L1B retrievals, while the other will contain those from the vertically polarized L1B retrievals. These SIR files were also used to generate a complimentary dataset of GIF images representing the daily averaged Sigma-0, which is meant for browse purposes only and available here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SEAWINDS_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_GLOBAL_RECTANGULAR_BROWSE_IMAGES. An expanded version of this dataset includes the full daily Sigma-0 statistcs: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SEAWINDS_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_GLOBAL_RECTANGULAR_BROWSE_MAPS_FULL. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
SeaWinds on ADEOS-II Level 3 Sigma-0 Global Rectangular Browse Maps (Reduced)
FOR EXPERT USE ONLY. This dataset contains estimates of geopotential field derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission measurements and a non-tidal atmospheric model produced by the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ). The data are in spherical harmonics averaged over approximately a month. The primary objective of the GRACE mission is to obtain accurate estimates of the mean and time-variable components of the gravity field variations. This objective is achieved by making continuous measurements of the change in distance between twin spacecraft, co-orbiting in about 500 km altitude, near circular, polar orbit, spaced approximately 200 km apart, using a microwave ranging system. In addition to these range change, the non-gravitional forces are measured on each satellite using a high accuracy electrostatic, room-temperature accelerometer. The satellite orientation and position (and timing) are precisely measured using twin star cameras and a GPS receiver, respectively. Spatial and temporal variations in the gravity field affect the orbits (or trajectories) of the twin spacecraft differently. These differences are manifested as changes in the distance between the spacecraft, as they orbit the Earth. This change in distance is reflected in the time-of-flight of microwave signals transmitted and received nearly simultaneously between the two spacecraft. The change in this time of fight is continuously measured by tracking the phase of the microwave carrier signals. The so called dual-one-way range change measurements can be reconstructed from these phase measurements. This range change (or its numerically derived derivatives), along with other mission and ancillary data, is subsequently analyzed to extract the parameters of an Earth gravity field model.
JPL PO.DAAC
GRACE NON-TIDAL ATMOSPHERE GEOPOTENTIAL COEFFICIENTS GFZ (GAA)
GRACE_GAA_L2_GRAV_GFZ_RL06
GRACE NON-TIDAL ATMOSPHERE GEOPOTENTIAL COEFFICIENTS GFZ RELEASE 6.0 GAA
This dataset contains absolute dynamic topography (similar to sea level but with respect to the geoid) binned and averaged monthly on 1 degree grids. The coverage is from October 1992 to December 2010. These data were provided by AVISO (French space agency data provider) to support the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) under the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) and was first made available via the JPL Earth System Grid. The dynamic topography are derived from sea surface height measured by several satellites including Envisat, TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1 and OSTM/Jason-2, and referenced to the geoid. Along with this dataset, two additional ancillary data files are included in the same directory which contain the number of observations and standard error co-located on the same 1 degree grids.
AVISO
AVISO Level 4 Absolute Dynamic Topography for Climate Model Comparison
AVISO_L4_DYN_TOPO_1DEG_1MO
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is themonthly climatology, Descending wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Climatology Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, 7-Day, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the 28-Day running mean, ascending ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Ascending 28-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Ascending 28-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Seasonal,Ascending sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Data V5.0
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis, produced daily on an operational basis at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) using optimal interpolation (OI) on a regional 1/12 degree grid over the Australian region (20N - 70S, 60E - 170W). This Regional Australian Multi-Sensor SST Analysis (RAMSSA) v1.0 system blends satellite SST observations from passive infrared and passive microwave radiometers, with in situ data from ships, Argo floats, XBTs, CTDs, drifting buoys and moorings from the Global Telecommunications System (GTS). SST observations that have experienced recent surface wind speeds less than 6 m/s during the day or less than 2 m/s during night are rejected from the analysis. The processing results in daily foundation SST estimates that are largely free of nocturnal cooling and diurnal warming effects. Sea ice concentrations are supplied by the NOAA/NCEP 12.7 km sea ice analysis. In the absence of observations, the analysis relaxes to the BoM Global Weekly 1 degree OI SST analysis, which relaxes to the Reynolds and Smith (1994) Monthly 1 degree SST climatology for 1961 - 1990.
Australian Bureau of Meteorology
Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia
GHRSST Level 4 RAMSSA Australian Regional Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis
BLUElink Regional Australian Multi-Sensor SST Analysis (RAMSSA), daily, 9 km resolution
GHRSST Level 4 RAMSSA_9km Australian Regional Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis v1.0 dataset (GDS2)
Oceania
http://www.bom.gov.au/jshess/docs/2011/beggs_hres.pdf, DOI: 10.22499/2.6101.001
FOR EXPERT USE ONLY. This dataset contains estimates of geopotential field derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission measurements and a non-tidal oceanic and atmospheric model produced by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The data are in spherical harmonics averaged over approximately a month. The primary objective of the GRACE mission is to obtain accurate estimates of the mean and time-variable components of the gravity field variations. This objective is achieved by making continuous measurements of the change in distance between twin spacecraft, co-orbiting in about 500 km altitude, near circular, polar orbit, spaced approximately 200 km apart, using a microwave ranging system. In addition to these range change, the non-gravitional forces are measured on each satellite using a high accuracy electrostatic, room-temperature accelerometer. The satellite orientation and position (and timing) are precisely measured using twin star cameras and a GPS receiver, respectively. Spatial and temporal variations in the gravity field affect the orbits (or trajectories) of the twin spacecraft differently. These differences are manifested as changes in the distance between the spacecraft, as they orbit the Earth. This change in distance is reflected in the time-of-flight of microwave signals transmitted and received nearly simultaneously between the two spacecraft. The change in this time of fight is continuously measured by tracking the phase of the microwave carrier signals. The so called dual-one-way range change measurements can be reconstructed from these phase measurements. This range change (or its numerically derived derivatives), along with other mission and ancillary data, is subsequently analyzed to extract the parameters of an Earth gravity field model.
GRACE Non-Tidal Atmosphere and Ocean Geopotential Coefficients JPL (GAC)
GRACE_GAC_L2_GRAV_JPL_RL06
GRACE NON-TIDAL ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN GEOPOTENTIAL COEFFICIENTS JPL RELEASE 6.0 GAC
GRACE/JPL
The Global River Radar Altimeter Time Series (GRRATS) are simulated river gauge data that are derived from ERS-1, ERS-2, TOPEX/Poseidon OSTM/Jason-2, Jason-3 and Envisat altimetric measurements. The purpose of these heights are to provide satellite altimetric river height data in a form that is more recognizable to the observational community and as a way to get users use to using satellite data for river hydrology. These pre SWOT data are derived from satellites to provide hydrological measurements. The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will have hydrology as one of its objectives. This dataset does not have the same variables as SWOT, but does provide hydrological measurements with typical quality flagging typical of satellite data. Not only does it provide science information, it can also assist hydrological users new to satellite data with the satellite data formats and variables before SWOT launches.If you are looking for version 1 it can be found at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/PRESWOT_HYDRO_GRRATS_L2_VIRTUAL_STATION_HEIGHTS_V1 however this version should be used with caution. Version 2, this page, is the most recent version with the most accurate algorithms used for producing river heights.
Coss, Stephen; Durand, Michael; Lettenmaier, Dennis; Yi, Yuchan; Jia, Yuanyuan; Guo, Qi; Tuozzolo, Stephen; Shum, C.K.; Allen, George H.; Calmant, Stephane; Pavelsky, Tamlin
NASA/JPL/SWOT
Pre SWOT Hydrology GRRATS Virtual Station
PRESWOT_HYDRO_GRRATS_L2_VIRTUAL_STATION_HEIGHTS_V2
Pre SWOT Hydrology GRRATS Virtual Station River Heights Version 2
SURFACE WATER
TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE
SURFACE WATER FEATURES
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged overdaily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Annual rain-flagged rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Annual Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Annual Data V5.0
Glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) is an ongoing geophysical process and is measured by gravimetry satellites like GRACE and GRACE-FO. To isolate signals of contemporary surface mass loss in the cumulative satellite gravimetry measurements, contemporary GIA rates are computed and subtracted from the satellite gravimetry observations. The GIA correction models provided here are filtered such that they are compatible with Level-3 post-processing filters applied to GRACE(-FO) data as indicated in the [product_id]. In this way, user can effectively assess the impact of the applied GIA correction, and substitute different GIA models should that be desired. This GIA dataset is mapped into 0.5-degree global grid compatible with the JPL Mascon solution, provided in netCDF format.
TELLUS GRACE Level-3 0.5-degree Glacial Isostatic Adjustment datasets produced by JPL
TELLUS_GIA_0.5-Deg_v1.0
TELLUS GRACE Level-3 0.5-degree Glacial Isostatic Adjustment v1.0 datasets produced by JPL
This NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) satellite Sigma-0 dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at Brigham Young University (BYU) and is generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long. The SIR technique results in an enhanced resolution image reconstruction and gridded on an equal-area grid (for non-polar regions) at 4.45 km pixel resolution stored in SIR files; polar regions are gridded using a polar-stereographic technique. A non-enhanced version is provided at 22.25 km pixel resolution in a format known as GRD files. All files are produced in IEEE formatted binary. All data files are separated and organized by region, polarization, parameter, and sampling technique (i.e., SIR vs. GRD). The regions of China and Japan are combined into a single region. In additional to Sigma-0, various statistical parameters are provided for added guidance, including but not limited to: standard deviation, measurement counts, pixel time, Sigma-0 error, and average incidence angle. For more information, please visti: http://www.scp.byu.edu/docs/NSCAT_user_notes.html
NSCAT Gridded Level 3 Enhanced Resolution Sigma-0 from BYU
Regionally Dependent
JPL TELLUS GRACE-FO Level-3 Monthly Land Water-Equivalent-Thickness
TELLUS_GRFO_L3_JPL_RL06_LND_v03
JPL TELLUS GRACE-FO Level-3 Monthly Land Water-Equivalent-Thickness Surface Mass Anomaly Release 6.0 version 03 in netCDF/ASCII/GeoTIFF Formats
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODTM-8D9N4
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST MID-IR 8 Day 9km Nighttime
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST MID-IR 8 Day 9km Nighttime V2019.0
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped mid-Infrared SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 3 and 4 mid-IR bands (MODIS channels 20,21,22 and 23). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, mid-IR SST level 3, 4km, monthly, nighttime product.
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR Monthly 4km Nighttime v2014.0
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, seasonal, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the mission series mean or cumulative ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Mission Cumulative Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Mission Cumulative Data V5.0
Aquarius Project NASA/OBPG, Reynolds
This dataset contains the multi-sourced microwave radiometer wind speed, rain and cloud liquid water data collocated to RapidScat Level 2B wind vector cell (WVC) locations. The corresponding NASA mission is officially referred to as ISS-RapidScat. This dataset is produced by Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) with direct funding from the JPL RapidScat project. All of the collocated radiometer data is produced by RSS. The co-located radiometer sources include: 1) DMSP SSM/I (F15) and SSMIS (F16/F17), 2) Coriolis WindSat, 3) GCOM-W1 AMSR2 and 4) GPM Core GMI; more details on these radiometer sources and sensors can be extracted by scrolling down to the "Platform/Sensor" section below this description. RapidScat is a Ku-band dual beam circular rotating scatterometer retaining much of the same hardware and functionality of QuikSCAT, with exception of the antenna sub-system and digital interface to the International Space Station (ISS) Columbus module, which is where RapidScat is mounted. Unlike QuikSCAT, ISS-RapidScat is not in sun-synchronous orbit, and flies at roughly half the altitude with a low inclination angle that restricts data coverage to the tropics and mid-latitude regions; the extent of latitudinal coverage stretches from approximately 61 degrees North to 61 degrees South. Furthermore, there is no consistent local time of day retrieval. This dataset is provided in a netCDF-4 file format that follows the netCDF "classic" model and made available via FTP and OPeNDAP. For data access, please click on the "Data Access" tab above.
Remote Sensing Systems Radiometer Rain Collocations with JPL RapidScat L2B Swath Grid
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F16
DMSP 5D-3/F16
CLOUDS
CLOUD LIQUID WATER/ICE
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, andseasonal time scales. This particular data set is the 28-Day running mean, Ascending sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Ascending 28-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Ascending 28-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
The Meteosat Second Generation (MSG-3) satellites are spin stabilized geostationary satellites operated by the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) to provide accurate weather monitoring data through its primary instrument the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI), which has the capacity to observe the Earth in 12 spectral channels. Eight of these channels are in the thermal infrared, providing among other information, observations of the temperatures of clouds, land and sea surfaces at approximately 5 km resolution with a 15 minute duty cycle. This Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset produced by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) is derived from the SEVIRI instrument on the second MSG satellite (also known as Meteosat-9) that was launched on 22 December 2005. Skin sea surface temperature (SST) data are calculated from the infrared channels of SEVIRI at full resolution every 15 minutes. L2P data products with Single Sensor Error Statistics (SSES) are then derived following the GHRSST-PP Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2.0.
NOAA/NESDIS/OSPO
Sea Surface Temperature, 55W-55E and 55S-55N, at 0.027 degree resolution from MSG-02 Imager Sectors every quarter-hour
GHRSST Level 2P Atlantic Regional Skin Sea Surface Temperature from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) on the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG-3) satellite (GDS version 2)
Eastern Atlantic
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the Annual wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Annual Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Annual Data V5.0
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is a NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project is comprised of two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. The towed Surface Salinity Profiler (SSP) platform is a converted paddleboard with a keel and surfboard outrigger that is tethered to the ship and skims the sea surface beyond the ships wake. Below the paddleboard are salinity and temperature sensors at depths of 10, 30, 50 and 100cm, and microstructure sensors that measure turbulence. The SSP was deployed 19 times throughout the first SPURS-2 cruise, totaling over 200 hours of measurements, and a further 15 times during the 2017 cruise. SSP deployment is most informative when there is a rain event leading to near-surface ocean stratification. The SSP then measures how the ocean changes over the periods before, during, and after rain, and how rainwater mixes into the ocean during recovery. All SSP data files are in netCDF format with standards compliant metadata.
Drushka, K., E. Thompson and W. Asher
SPURS-2 Towed surface salinity profile (SSP) data for the E. Tropical Pacific R/V Revelle cruises
SPURS-2 Field Campaign Surface Salinity Profiler Data Products
The version 4.0 SMAP-SSS level 3, monthly gridded product is based on the fourth release of the validated standard mapped sea surface salinity (SSS) data from the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) observatory, produced operationally by Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) with a one-month latency. Enhancements with this release include: use of an improved 0.125 degree land correction table with land emission based on SMAP TB; replacement of the previous NCEP sea-ice mask with one based on RSS AMSR-2 and implementing a sea-ice threshold of 0.3% (gain weighted sea-ice fraction); revised solar flagging that depends on glint angle and wind speed; inclusion of estimated SSS-uncertainty; consolidation of both 40KM and 70KM SMAP-SSS datasets as variable fields in a single data product. Monthly data files for this product are averages over one-month time intervals. SMAP data begins on April 1,2015 and is ongoing, with a one-month latency in processing and availability. L3 products are global in extent and gridded at 0.25degree x 0.25degree with a default spatial feature resolution of approximately 70KM. Note that while a SSS 40KM variable is also included in the product, for most open ocean applications, the default SSS variable (70KM) is best used as they are significantly less noisy than the 40KM data. The SMAP satellite is in a near-polar orbit at an inclination of 98 degrees and an altitude of 685 km. It has an ascending node time of 6 pm and is sun-synchronous. With its 1000km swath, SMAP achieves global coverage in approximately 3 days, but has an exact orbit repeat cycle of 8 days. On board instruments include a highly sensitive L-band radiometer operating at 1.41GHz and an L-band 1.26GHz radar sensor providing complementary active and passive sensing capabilities. Malfunction of the SMAP scatterometer on 7 July, 2015, has necessitated the use of collocated wind speed, primarily from WindSat, for the surface roughness correction required for the surface salinity retrieval.
RSS SMAP Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Monthly Vaidated Dataset
RSS SMAP Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Monthly V4.0 Validated Dataset
70km
This dataset contains polar-stereographic-gridded, daily averaged Sigma-0 retrievals over the Antarctic Polar region from the QuikSCAT L1B retrievals, which are generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU); the processed files are therefore known as SIR files. The QuikSCAT scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. The SIR files are separated according to polarization. For example, one SIR file for a particular day will contain the gridded average Sigma-0 values for the horizontally polarized L1B retrievals, while the other will contain those from the vertically polarized L1B retrievals. These SIR files were also used to generate a complimentary dataset of GIF images representing the daily averaged Sigma-0, which is meant for browse purposes only and available here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ANTARCTICA_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_IMAGES. An expanded version of this dataset includes the full daily Sigma-0 statistcs: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ANTARCTICA_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_FULL. This dataset is provided by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
Dataset Policy created for QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ANTARCTICA_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_LITE
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 3 Sigma-0 Polar-Stereographic Browse Maps (Reduced) of Antarctica
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, thermal-IR SST level 3, 4km, monthly, nighttime product.
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 4km Nighttime v2014.0
FOR EXPERT USE ONLY. The GRACE Level 1B data provide all necessary inputs to derive monthly time variations in the Earth's gravity field. Level 1B data are also used for GRACE orbit and mean gravity field determination. It contains K-Band Ranging Data Product (KBR1B), Star Camera Data Product (SCA1B), Accelerometer Data Product (ACC1B), GPS Data Product (GPS1B), Vector Products (VGN1B, VGO1B, VGB1B, VCM1B, VKB1B, VSL1B), Quaternion Products (QSA1B, QSB1B), and Housekeeping Products (AHK1B, IHK1B, THR1B, TNK1B, MAG1B, MAS1B, TIM1B)
GRACE Level-1B Data
GRACE_L1B_GRAV_JPL_RL02
GRACE LEVEL 1B JPL RELEASE 2.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged over daily, 7day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the mission series mean or cumulative sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Mission Cumulative Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Mission Cumulative Data V5.0
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODSA-8D9D4
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 9km Daytime
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 9km Daytime V2019.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data containsgridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the 28-Day running mean, sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image 28-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image 28-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
This dataset contains the Version 1.0 CYGNSS Level 3 Climate Data Record which provides the average wind speed and mean square slope (MSS) on a 0.2x0.2 degree latitude by longitude equirectangular grid obtained from the Delay Doppler Mapping Instrument aboard the CYGNSS satellite constellation. The Level 2 Delay Doppler Map (DDM) data are used in the direct processing of the average wind speed and MSS data that are binned on the Level 3 grid. A subset of DDM data used in the direct processing of the average wind speed and MSS is co-located inside of the Level 2 data files. A single netCDF-4 data file is produced for each day of operation with an approximate 6 day latency. The reported sample locations are determined by the specular points corresponding to the Delay Doppler Maps (DDMs). The Version 1.0 CDR represents the first climate-quality release and is a collection of reanalysis products derived from the SDR v2.1 Level 1 data. Calibration accuracy and long term stability are improved relative to the SDR v2.1 using a new trackwise correction algorithm which constrains the average value of the L1 data using MERRA-2 reanalysis wind speeds. Details of the algorithm are provided in the Trackwise Corrected CDR Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document. CDR Level 2 and 3 products (ocean surface wind speed, mean square slope, and latent and sensible heat flux) are generated from the CDR L1 data using the v2.1 SDR data processing algorithms. These products also exhibit improved calibration accuracy and stability over SDR v2.1. Trackwise correction is applied to the two primary CYGNSS L1 science data products the normalized bistatic radar cross section (NBRCS) and the leading edge slope of the Doppler-integrated delay waveform (LES). The correction compensates for variations in the transmit power level of the GPS signals measured by the CYGNSS bistatic radar receivers. The SDR v2.1 L1 algorithm assumes a constant GPS transmit power and variations in it can be misinterpreted as variations in the L1 data and in subsequent L2 science data products derived from them. The GPS constellation consists of several different satellite models (a.k.a. block types) and the level of transmit power variation differs between them. The more recent Block IIF models (which account for ~37% of the GPS constellation) have significantly larger variations than the older models and, for this reason, they have been screened out and not used to produce SDR v2.1 L2 or L3 science data products. Trackwise correction eliminates the need for this screening so CDR L2 and L3 data products now include Block IIF samples. It should be noted that the trackwise correction algorithm cannot be successfully applied to all SDR v2.1 L1 data so there is also some loss of samples that were present in SDR v2.1. Overall, there is a significant increase in sampling and improvement in spatial coverage with the CDR products.
CYGNSS Level 3 Climate Data Record
CYGNSS Level 2 Climate Data Record Version 1.0
CYGNSS Level 3 Climate Data Record Version 1.0
UMICH/ENG/CSSE
The ACSPO H08/AHI L3C (Level 3 Collated) product is a gridded version of the ACSPO H08/AHI L2P product available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/AHI_H08-STAR-L2P-v2.70. The L3C output files are 1hr granules in NetCDF4 format, compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). There are 24 granules available per 24hr interval, with a total data volume of 0.2GB/day. Valid SSTs are found over clear-sky oceans, sea, lakes or rivers, with fill values reported elsewhere. The following layers are reported: SST, ACSPO clear-sky mask (ACSM; provided in each grid as part of l2p_flags, which also includes day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags), NCEP wind speed and ACSPO SST minus reference (Canadian Met Centre 0.1deg L4 SST; available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/CMC0.1deg-CMC-L4-GLOB-v3.0 ). All valid SSTs in L3C are recommended for users, although data over internal waters may not have enough in situ data to be adequately validated. Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel with valid SST (Petrenko et al., 2016). The ACSPO VIIRS L3U product is monitored and validated against iQuam in situ data (Xu and Ignatov, 2014) in SQUAM (Dash et al, 2010).
GHRSST NOAA/STAR Himawari-08 AHI L3C Pacific Ocean Region SST dataset in GDS2
GHRSST NOAA/STAR Himawari-08 AHI L3C Pacific Ocean Region SST v2.70 dataset in GDS2
This dataset contains the Version 2.1 CYGNSS Level 3 Science Data Record which provides the average wind speed and mean square slope (MSS) on a 0.2x0.2 degree latitude by longitude equirectangular grid obtained from the Delay Doppler Mapping Instrument aboard the CYGNSS satellite constellation. The Level 2 Delay Doppler Map (DDM) data are used in the direct processing of the average wind speed and MSS data that are binned on the Level 3 grid. A subset of DDM data used in the direct processing of the average wind speed and MSS is co-located inside of the Level 2 data files. A single netCDF-4 data file is produced for each day of operation with an approximate 6 day latency. This version supersedes Version 2.0. The reported sample locations are determined by the specular points corresponding to the Delay Doppler Maps (DDMs). The Version 2.1 release represents the second science-quality release. Here is a summary of improvements that reflect the quality of the Version 2.1 data release: 1) first time availability of wind speeds using the Geophysical Model Function (GMF) calibrated for Young Seas with Limited Fetch (YSLF) conditions; 2) inherits all other improvements made to the version 2.1 Level 2 data intended to improve the quality of the wind speed retrievals and uncertainty estimates. For a full list of improvements to the version 2.1 Level 2 data, please refer to the following dataset information page: https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/CYGNSS_L2_V2.1
CYGNSS Level 3 Science Data Record
CYGNSS Level 3 Science Data Record Version 2.1
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is a NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project is comprised of two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. Two PICO moorings (PMEL 9N and 11N) were deployed on the Revelle cruise in September 2016 in northern and southern domain quadrants at 9deg2.830N, 124deg59.833W and N10:59.0498, W124:57.531 respectively. These moorings contained a surface meteorological package and a "prawler", a CTD that crawls up and down the mooring line from 4-450m, yielding time series of salinity and temperature profile data at fixed locations (nominally 8 profiles per day). The moorings were recovered on the second Revelle cruise (Oct. 22 & Nov. 2, 2017). PICO mooring netCDF files contain georeferenced CTD profile data including salinity, temperature, potential temperature, pressure, depth, surface meteorological package data, GPS-Lat/Lon, and profile ID.
Zhang, D, Kessler, W.S
SPURS-2 PICO mooring data for the E. Tropical Pacific field campaign
SPURS Field Campaign Pico Mooring Data Products
SPURS1 WHOI Central Mooring
Mooring
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged overdaily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Daily rain-flagged rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Daily Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Daily Data V5.0
FOR EXPERT USE ONLY. This dataset contains estimates of ocean bottom pressure derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission measurements, produced by the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ). The data are in spherical harmonics averaged over approximately a month. The primary objective of the GRACE mission is to obtain accurate estimates of the mean and time-variable components of the gravity field variations. This objective is achieved by making continuous measurements of the change in distance between twin spacecraft, co-orbiting in about 500 km altitude, near circular, polar orbit, spaced approximately 200 km apart, using a microwave ranging system. In addition to these range change, the non-gravitional forces are measured on each satellite using a high accuracy electrostatic, room-temperature accelerometer. The satellite orientation and position (and timing) are precisely measured using twin star cameras and a GPS receiver, respectively. Spatial and temporal variations in the gravity field affect the orbits (or trajectories) of the twin spacecraft differently. These differences are manifested as changes in the distance between the spacecraft, as they orbit the Earth. This change in distance is reflected in the time-of-flight of microwave signals transmitted and received nearly simultaneously between the two spacecraft. The change in this time of fight is continuously measured by tracking the phase of the microwave carrier signals. The so called dual-one-way range change measurements can be reconstructed from these phase measurements. This range change (or its numerically derived derivatives), along with other mission and ancillary data, is subsequently analyzed to extract the parameters of an Earth gravity field model.
GRACE OCEAN BOTTOM GEOPOTENTIAL COEFFICIENTS GFZ (GAD)
GRACE_GAD_L2_GRAV_GFZ_RL06
GRACE OCEAN BOTTOM GEOPOTENTIAL COEFFICIENTS GFZ RELEASE 6.0 GAD
This dataset is derived under the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) project and contains value-added Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) ocean surface winds from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F13 platform. The CCMP datasets combine cross-calibrated satellite winds obtained from Remote Sensing Systems (REMSS) using a Variational Analysis Method (VAM) to produce a high-resolution (0.25 degree) gridded analysis. Wind directions from the resulting analysis are assigned to the location and time of the satellite-derived wind speed observations to create this value added dataset. The CCMP data set includes cross-calibrated satellite winds derived from SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR-E, TRMM TMI, QuikSCAT, SeaWinds, WindSat and other satellite instruments as they become available from REMSS. REMSS uses a cross-calibrated sea-surface emissivity model function which improves the consistency between wind speed retrievals from microwave radiometers (i.e., SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR, TMI, and WindSat) and those from scatterometers (i.e., QuikSCAT and SeaWinds). The VAM combines these data with in situ measurements and a starting estimate (first guess) of the wind field. The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-40 Reanalysis is used as the first-guess from 1987 to 1998. The ECMWF Operational analysis is used from January 1999 onward. All wind observations and analysis fields are referenced to a height of 10 meters. The ERA-40 can be obtained from the Computation and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR): http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds117.0/. The ECMWF Operational analysis can also be obtained from CISL at NCAR: http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds111.1/. Three products are distributed to complete the CCMP dataset series. L3.0 product contains high-resolution analyses every 6-hours. These data are then time averaged over monthly and 5-day periods to derive the L3.5 product. Directions from the L3.0 product are then assigned to the time and location of the passive microwave satellite wind speed observations to derive the L2.5 product. All datasets are distributed on a 0.25 degree cylindrical coordinate grid. This dataset is one in a series of First-Look (FLK) CCMP datasets and is a continuation and expansion of the SSM/I surface wind velocity project that began under the NASA Pathfinder Program. Refinements and upgrades to the FLK version will be incorporated under a new release (date to be determined) known as Late-look (LLK) and may include additional satellite datasets. All satellite surface wind data are obtained from REMSS under the DISCOVER project: Distributed Information Services: Climate/Ocean Products and Visualizations for Earth Research (http://www.discover-earth.org/index.html). The CCMP project is the result of an investigation funded by the NASA Making Earth Science data records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program (http://community.eosdis.nasa.gov/measures/). In accordance with the MEaSUREs program, the CCMP datasets are also known as Earth System Data Records (ESDRs). In collaboration with private and government institutions, a team led by Dr. Robert Atlas (PI; proposal originally solicited by REASoN, and currently funded by MEaSURES) has created the CCMP project to provide multi-instrument ocean surface wind velocity ESDRs, with wide ranging research applications in meteorology and oceanography.
Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform Ocean Surface Wind Vector L2.5 First-Look SSM/I-F13 Microwave Analyses
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODST-8D4N4
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 4km Nighttime
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 4km Nighttime V2019.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is theseasonal climatology, Descending sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Climatology Data V5.0
This dataset contains the Version 1.3 ISS-RapidScat on Level 2A 12.5 km science data record, which provides surface-flagged sigma-0 in 12.5 km Wind Vector Cells processed using the pulse "slice" Sigma-0 data provided by the Level 1B dataset. Version 1.3 is intended as a replacement and continuation of the Version 1.1 and Version 1.2 data forward from orbital revolution number 7873, corresponding to 11 February 2016; on 11 Feb 2016, RapidScat entered it's 3rd low signal to noise ratio (SNR) state and the initial calibration of low SNR 3 was preliminary during the Version 1.2 release. The fundamental difference between Version 1.3 and the previous Version 1.2 datasets is that the L1B sigma-0 has been re-calibrated during the periods of low SNR states 3 and 4 using re-pointed QuikSCAT data. Due to the circular scan of the RapidScat instrument the expected number of Sigma-0 cells per WVC is not constant. To minimize the L2A data volume, the Sigma-0 cell data are stored as "lists" for each WVC row, with each list indexed by a "cell_index" array to indicate the cross-track WVC membership of the data. Each cell is then checked for land or ice and flagged accordingly. Attenuation corrections for each Sigma-0 measurement are also provided. Data are provided in single-orbit files in HDF-4 format. RapidScat is a Ku-band dual beam circular rotating scatterometer retaining much of the same hardware and functionality of QuikSCAT, with exception of the antenna sub-system and digital interface to the International Space Station (ISS) Columbus module, which is where RapidScat is mounted. The NASA mission is officially referred to as ISS-RapidScat. Unlike QuikSCAT, ISS-RapidScat is not in sun-synchronous orbit, and flies at roughly half the altitude with a low inclination angle that restricts data coverage to the tropics and mid-latitude regions; the extent of latitudinal coverage stretches from approximately 61 degrees North to 61 degrees South. Furthermore, there is no consistent local time of day retrieval. If you have any questions or concerns, please visit our Forum at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/forum/.
RapidScat Level 2A Surface Flagged Sigma-0 and Attenuations in 12.5Km Swath Grid
RapidScat Level 2A Surface Flagged Sigma-0 and Attenuations in 12.5Km Swath Grid Version 1.3
GDS2 Version -The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) is a well calibrated passive microwave radiometer, similar to the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), that contains lower frequency channels required for sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals. The TRMM is part of the NASA's mission to planet Earth, and is a joint venture between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to measure precipitation, water vapor, SST and wind in the global tropical regions and was launched in 27 November 1997 from the Tanegashima Space Center in Tanegashima, Japan. The TRMM satellite travels west to east in a 402 km altitude semi-equatorial precessing orbit that results in day-to-day changes in the observation time of any given earth location between 38S and 38N. Remote Sensing Systems has produced a Version-4 TMI ocean SST dataset for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) by applying an algorithm to the 10.7 GHz channel through a removal of surface roughness effects. In contrast to infrared SST observations, microwave retrievals can be measured through clouds, which are nearly transparent at 10.7 GHz. Microwave retrievals are also insensitive to water vapor and aerosols. The algorithm for retrieving SSTs from radiometer data is described in "AMSR Ocean Algorithm."
GHRSST Level 2P Global Subskin Sea Surface Temperature from TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) onboard Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) satellite
TMI geolocated L2 swath SST data set
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, seasonal, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the seasonal ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Data V5.0
This dataset is a time series of mass variability averaged over all of Antarctica. It provides the ice mass changes of Antarctica over time. The mass variability are derived from JPL GRACE Mascon Ocean, Ice, and Hydrology Equivalent Water Height RL06Mv02 CRI Filtered Version 2, which can be found at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/TELLUS_GRAC-GRFO_MASCON_CRI_GRID_RL06_V2. A more detailed description on the Mascon solution, including the mathematical derivation, implementation of geophysical constraints, and solution validation, please see Watkins et al., 2015, doi: 10.1002/2014JB011547. The mass variability are provided as an ASCII table.
Tellus Level-4 Antarctica Mass Anomaly
Tellus Level-4 Antarctica Mass Anomaly Time Series from JPL GRACE/GRACE-FO Mascon CRI Filtered Release 06 version 02
GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is a NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project is comprised of two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. During both Revelle cruises, continuous measurements of the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and pH at surface (0m) and 5m depths were made on water pumped continuously from the Salinity Snake and the ship's intake port. In addition to these measurements, observational data from the salinity snake and thermosalinograph also include water temperature and salinity time series at the same depths. The temporal resolution of the observations range from 3 seconds (pH) to 3 minutes (DIC). All pCO2 and associated underway data comprising this dataset are in netCDF file format with standards compliant metadata. Due to issues with the quality of the 2016 underway data, only the data file for the 2017 cruise is available.
David Ho
SOEST, University of Hawaii, 1680 East West Rd, POST 802, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
SPURS-2 underway surface pCO2, DIC and pH data for the E. Tropical Pacific field campaign R/V Revelle cruises
SPURS-2 Field Campaign Underway Surface pCO2, DIC, pH Data Products
Salinity snake
INORGANIC CARBON
DISSOLVED GASES
CARBON DIOXIDE
This Level 1 (L1) dataset contains the Version 1.0 Climate Data Record (CDR) of the geo-located Delay Doppler Maps (DDMs) calibrated into Power Received (Watts) and Bistatic Radar Cross Section (BRCS) expressed in units of m2 from the Delay Doppler Mapping Instrument aboard the CYGNSS satellite constellation. Other useful scientific and engineering measurement parameters include the DDM of Normalized Bistatic Radar Cross Section (NBRCS), the Delay Doppler Map Average (DDMA) of the NBRCS near the specular reflection point, and the Leading Edge Slope (LES) of the integrated delay waveform. The L1 dataset contains a number of other engineering and science measurement parameters, including sets of quality flags/indicators, error estimates, and bias estimates as well as a variety of orbital, spacecraft/sensor health, timekeeping, and geolocation parameters. At most, 8 netCDF data files (each file corresponding to a unique spacecraft in the CYGNSS constellation) are provided each day; under nominal conditions, there are typically 6-8 spacecraft retrieving data each day, but this can be maximized to 8 spacecraft under special circumstances in which higher than normal retrieval frequency is needed (i.e., during tropical storms and or hurricanes). Latency is approximately 1 month, depending on the availability of the MERRA wind speed reanalysis. The Version 1.0 CDR represents the first climate-quality release and is a collection of reanalysis products derived from the v2.1 Level 1 data. Calibration accuracy and long term stability are improved relative to the SDR v2.1 using a new trackwise correction algorithm which constrains the average value of the L1 data using MERRA-2 reanalysis wind speeds. Details of the algorithm are provide in the Trackwise Corrected CDR Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document. The CDR exhibits improved calibration accuracy and stability over v2.1. Trackwise correction is applied to the two primary CYGNSS L1 science data products the normalized bistatic radar cross section (NBRCS) and the leading edge slope of the Doppler-integrated delay waveform (LES). The correction compensates for variations in the transmit power level of the GPS signals measured by the CYGNSS bistatic radar receivers. By comparison, the v2.1 SDR L1 algorithm assumes a constant GPS transmit power, and variations in it can be misinterpreted as variations in the L1 data and in subsequent L2 science data products derived from them. The GPS constellation consists of several different satellite models (a.k.a. block types) and the level of transmit power variation differs between them. The more recent Block IIF models (which account for ~37% of the GPS constellation) have significantly larger variations than the older models and, for this reason, they have been screened out and not used to produce v2.1 L2 or L3 science data products. Trackwise correction eliminates the need for this screening so CDR L2 and L3 data products now include Block IIF samples. It should be noted that the trackwise correction algorithm cannot be successfully applied to all v2.1 SDR L1 data, so there is also some loss of samples that were present in v2.1. Overall, there is a significant increase in sampling and improvement in spatial coverage with the CDR products.
CYGNSS Level 1 Climate Data Record
CYGNSS Level 1 Climate Data Record Version 1.0
RADAR CROSS-SECTION
RADAR REFLECTIVITY
This Level 1 (L1) dataset contains the Version 2.1 geo-located Delay Doppler Maps (DDMs) calibrated into Power Received (Watts) and Bistatic Radar Cross Section (BRCS) expressed in units of m2 from the Delay Doppler Mapping Instrument aboard the CYGNSS satellite constellation. This version supersedes Version 2.0. Other useful scientific and engineering measurement parameters include the DDM of Normalized Bistatic Radar Cross Section (NBRCS), the Delay Doppler Map Average (DDMA) of the NBRCS near the specular reflection point, and the Leading Edge Slope (LES) of the integrated delay waveform. The L1 dataset contains a number of other engineering and science measurement parameters, including sets of quality flags/indicators, error estimates, and bias estimates as well as a variety of orbital, spacecraft/sensor health, timekeeping, and geolocation parameters. At most, 8 netCDF data files (each file corresponding to a unique spacecraft in the CYGNSS constellation) are provided each day; under nominal conditions, there are typically 6-8 spacecraft retrieving data each day, but this can be maximized to 8 spacecraft under special circumstances in which higher than normal retrieval frequency is needed (i.e., during tropical storms and or hurricanes). Latency is approximately 6 days (or better) from the last recorded measurement time. The Version 2.1 release represents the second science-quality release. Here is a summary of improvements that reflect the quality of the Version 2.1 data release: 1) data is now available when the CYGNSS satellites are rolled away from nadir during orbital high beta-angle periods, resulting in a significant amount of additional data; 2) correction to coordinate frames result in more accurate estimates of receiver antenna gain at the specular point; 3) improved calibration for analog-to-digital conversion results in better consistency between CYGNSS satellites measurements at nearly the same location and time; 4) improved GPS EIRP and transmit antenna pattern calibration results in significantly reduced PRN-dependence in the observables; 5) improved estimation of the location of the specular point within the DDM; 6) an altitude-dependent scattering area is used to normalize the scattering cross section (v2.0 used a simpler scattering area model that varied with incidence and azimuth angles but not altitude); 7) corrections added for noise floor-dependent biases in scattering cross section and leading edge slope of delay waveform observed in the v2.0 data. Users should also note that the receiver antenna pattern calibration is not applied per-DDM-bin in this v2.1 release.
CYGNSS Level 1 Science Data Record
CYGNSS Level 1 Science Data Record Version 2.1
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on the European Meteorological Operational-B (MetOp-B)satellite (launched 17 Sep 2012). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT),Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near realtime from METOP/IASI. The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) measures inthe infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum at a horizontal resolution of 12 km at nadir up to40km over a swath width of about 2,200 km. With 14 orbits in a sun-synchronous mid-morningorbit (9:30 Local Solar Time equator crossing, descending node) global observations can beprovided twice a day. The SST retrieval is performed and provided by the IASI L2 processor atEUMETSAT headquarters. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification(GDS) version 2.
METOP_B SST
METOP_B IASI swath SST data set
GHRSST Level 2P Global skin Sea Surface Temperature from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on the Metop-B satellite (GDS V2) produced by OSI SAF
Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer
EUMETSAT/OSISAF
IASI
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the Daily wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Daily Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Daily Data V5.0
CSR TELLUS GRACE Level-3 Monthly OCEAN Water-Equivalent-Thickness Surface-Mass Anomaly Release 6.0
TELLUS_GRAC_L3_CSR_RL06_OCN_v03
CSR TELLUS GRACE Level-3 Monthly Ocean Bottom Pressure Anomaly Release 6.0 version 03 in netCDF/ASCII/GeoTIFF Formats
This dataset contains ocean surface wind speed from SeaWinds on QuikSCAT binned and averaged monthly on 1 degree grids. The coverage is from August 1999 through October 2009. The QuikSCAT Project produced this dataset in support of the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) portion of under the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) and was first made available via the Earth System Grid. This dataset was derived directly from the Version 2 QuikSCAT Level 2B 25-km dataset, which can be accessed here: https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_LEVEL_2B_V2. The SeaWinds instrument is a conical scanning pencil-beam radar, with dual-beam and dual-polarization capability, operating at Ku-band to provide all-weather ocean surface wind vector retrievals. Along with this dataset, two additional ancillary data files are included in the same directory which contain the number of observations and standard error co-located on the same 1 degree grids. This wind speed dataset is designed to be used in conjunction with the complete wind vector dataset, which include separate dataset files for both the Northward and Eastward components of the wind vector. All corresponding dataset and ancillary data files are included in a common directory. For more information on the QuikSCAT platform and mission, please visit https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/OceanWind/QuikSCAT.
NASA
PODAAC
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 3 Surface Wind Speed for Climate Model Comparison
FOR EXPERT USE ONLY. This dataset contains estimates of static field geopotential of the Earth, derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission measurements, produced by the Center for Space Research (CSR) at University of Texas at Austin. The data are in spherical harmonics averaged over approximately a month. The primary objective of the GRACE mission is to obtain accurate estimates of the mean and time-variable components of the gravity field variations. This objective is achieved by making continuous measurements of the change in distance between twin spacecraft, co-orbiting in about 500 km altitude, near circular, polar orbit, spaced approximately 200 km apart, using a microwave ranging system. In addition to these range change, the non-gravitional forces are measured on each satellite using a high accuracy electrostatic, room-temperature accelerometer. The satellite orientation and position (and timing) are precisely measured using twin star cameras and a GPS receiver, respectively. Spatial and temporal variations in the gravity field affect the orbits (or trajectories) of the twin spacecraft differently. These differences are manifested as changes in the distance between the spacecraft, as they orbit the Earth. This change in distance is reflected in the time-of-flight of microwave signals transmitted and received nearly simultaneously between the two spacecraft. The change in this time of fight is continuously measured by tracking the phase of the microwave carrier signals. The so called dual-one-way range change measurements can be reconstructed from these phase measurements. This range change (or its numerically derived derivatives), along with other mission and ancillary data, is subsequently analyzed to extract the parameters of an Earth gravity field model.
GRACE Monthly Geopotential Spherical Harmonic Coefficients CSR (GSM)
GRACE_GSM_L2_GRAV_CSR_RL06
GRACE FIELD GEOPOTENTIAL COEFFICIENTS CSR RELEASE 6.0
GFZ TELLUS GRACE-FO Level-3 Monthly Ocean Bottom Pressure Anomaly Release 6.0 in netCDF/ASCII/GeoTIFF
TELLUS_GRFO_L3_GFZ_RL06_OCN_v03
GFZ TELLUS GRACE-FO Level-3 Monthly Ocean Bottom Pressure Anomaly Release 6.0 version 03 in netCDF/ASCII/GeoTIFF Formats
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, 7-Day, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the 7-Day, descending ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Descending 7-Day Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Descending 7-Day Data V5.0
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped mid-Infrared SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 3 and 4 mid-IR bands (MODIS channels 20,21,22 and 23). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, mid-IR SST level 3, 9km, 8-day, nighttime product.
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST MID-IR 8 Day 9km Nighttime v2014.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged overdaily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Seasonal sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Data V5.0
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODAM-1D9N4
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR Daily 9km Nighttime
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR Daily 9km Nighttime V2019.0
The version 5.0 Aquarius Level 2 product is the official third release of the orbital/swath data from AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The Aquarius Level 2 data set contains sea surface salinity (SSS) and wind speed data derived from 3 different radiometers and the onboard scatterometer. Included also in the Level 2 data are the horizontal and vertical brightness temperatures (TH and TV) for each radiometer, ancillary data, flags, converted telemetry and navigation data.Each data file covers one 98 minute orbit. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath. Enhancements to the version 5.0 Level 2 data relative to v4.0 include: improvement of the salinity retrieval geophysical model for SST bias, estimates of SSS uncertainties (systematic and random components), and inclusion of a new spiciness variable.
Aquarius Official Release Level 2 Sea Surface Salinity
Aquarius Official Release Level 2 Sea Surface Salinity & Wind Speed Data V5.0
Contains Seasat-A Scatterometer (SASS) Sigma-0 measurements for the entire Seasat mission, from July 1978 until October 1978, produced by Frank Wentz at Remote Sensing Systems. The data are presented chronologically by swath and consist of the forward and aft values, binned in 50 km cells. For each cell there are 17 parameters including time, location, incidence angle, sigma-0, instrument corrections, and data quality.
REMSS
SEASAT SCATTEROMETER BINNED 50KM SIGMA-0 DATA (Wentz)
This dataset contains operational near-real-time Level 2 coastal ocean surface wind vector retrievals from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) on MetOp-C at 12.5 km sampling resolution (note: the effective resolution is 25 km). It is a product of the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) provided through the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). This coastal dataset differs from the standard 12.5 and 25 km datasets in that it utilizes a spatial box filter (rather than the Hamming filter) to generate a spatial average of the Sigma-0 retrievals from the Level 1B dataset; all full resolution Sigma-0 retrievals within a 15 km radius of the wind vector cell centroid are used in the averaging. Since the full resolution L1B Sigma-0 retrievals are used, all non-sea retrievals are discarded prior to the Sigma-0 averaging. Each box average Sigma-0 is then used to compute the wind vector cell using the same CMOD7.n geophysical model function as in the standard OSI SAF ASCAT wind vector datasets. With this enhanced coastal retrieval, winds can be computed as close to ~15 km from the coast. Each file is provided in netCDF version 3 format, and contains one full orbit derived from 3-minute orbit granules. Latency is approximately 2 hours from the latest measurement. The beginning of the orbit is defined by the first wind vector cell measurement within the first 3-minute orbit granule that starts north of the Equator in the ascending node. ASCAT is a C-band dual swath fan beam radar scatterometer providing two independent swaths of backscatter retrievals in sun-synchronous polar orbit aboard the MetOp-C platform. For more information on the MetOp-C mission, please visit: https://www.eumetsat.int/website/home/TechnicalBulletins/Metop/index.html . For more timely announcements, users are encouraged to register with the KNMI scatterometer email list: scat@knmi.nl. Users are also highly advised to check the dataset user guide periodically for updates and new information on known problems and issues. All intellectual property rights of the OSI SAF products belong to EUMETSAT. The use of these products is granted to every interested user, free of charge. If you wish to use these products, EUMETSAT's copyright credit must be shown by displaying the words "copyright (year) EUMETSAT" on each of the products used.
MetOp-C ASCAT Level 2 Ocean Surface Wind Vectors Optimized for Coastal Ocean
Meteorological Operational Satellite - C
METOP-C
This Level 1 (L1) dataset contains the Raw Intermediate Frequency (IF) sensor data from the Delay Doppler Mapping Instrument aboard the CYGNSS satellite constellation. The primary CYGNSS instrument, also known as the Delay-Doppler Mapping Instrument (DDMI), digitizes the incoming radio frequency (RF) streams from three input antenna channels (2 nadir oriented science antennas and one zenith oriented navigation antenna). The Raw IF data included in this data record are the raw sensor counts, retrieved prior to any digital signal processing, thus providing the highest possible resolution in delay and doppler space allowing for the construction of high resolution Delay Doppler Map (DDM) data. Raw IF data records are 30-90 sec in duration, with 60 sec being typical, and are initiated by ground commands to coincide with an overpass by one of the spacecraft of a target area of interest.
CYGNSS Level 1 Raw Intermediate Frequency Data Record
SENSOR COUNTS
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the 7-Day, Descending sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Descending 7-Day Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Descending 7-Day Data V5.0
CNR MED Sea Surface Temperature provides daily gap-free maps (L4) at 0.01 deg. x 0.01deg. horizontal resolution over the Mediterranean Sea. The data are obtained from infra-red measurements collected by satellite radiometers and statistical interpolation. It is the CMEMS sea surface temperature nominal operational product for the Mediterranean sea.
Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR - Rome)
Mediterranean Sea Ultra High Resolution SST L4 Analysis 0.01 deg Resolution
Mediterranean Sea Ultra High Resolution SST L4 Analysis 0.01 deg daily
Regional
Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer
AATSR
The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near realtime from Metop/AVHRR. Global AVHRR level 1b data are acquired at Meteo-France/Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system. SST is retrieved from the AVHRR infrared channels (3.7, 10.8 and 12.0 m) using a multispectral algorithm. Atmospheric profiles of water vapor and temperature from a numerical weather prediction model, together with a radiative transfer model, are used to correct the multispectral algorithm for regional and seasonal biases due to changing atmospheric conditions. This product is delivered at full resolution in satellite projection as metagranule corresponding to 3 minutes of acquisition. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2.
Dataset Policy created for EUMETSAT METOP_A AVHRR SST Ingestion
EUMETSAT/OSI-SAF
GHRSST Level 2P Global Skin Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the MetOp-A satellite produced by EUMETSAT
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is a NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project is comprised of two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D,SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. Shipborne ADCP observations were made during both SPURS-2 R/V Revelle cruises. Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) provide water column current velocity profile observations. The resulting data files available here are for narrowband 75 and 150khz ADCP measurements made during the first cruise, plus narrowband (NB) 75khz and both 75khz and 150khz broadband (BB) ADCP measurements obtained during the second R/V Revelle cruise.
Janet Sprintall
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
SPURS-2 shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler data for E. Tropical Pacific R/V Revelle cruises
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, thermal-IR SST level 3, 9km, 8-day, daytime product.
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 9km Daytime v2014.0
This dataset contains the latest reprocessed version 3.1 of the Level 2B science-quality ocean surface wind vector retrievals from the QuikSCAT scatterometer. The retrievals are provided on a non-uniform grid within the swath at 12.5 km pixel resolution. Higher resolution is achieved through a slice composite technique in which high resolution slice measurements from L1B data are composited into a 12.5 km wind vector cell. Version 3.1 processing begins with the same L1B (time-ordered backscatter) data as used in the previous Version 3.0 processing. Version 3.1 improves upon the previous Version 3.0 processing by incorporating enhanced coastal processing using a Land Contamination Ratio (LCR) method with a fixed threshold. The 12.5 km binning resolution combined with the LCR processing enables this dataset to provide wind vector retrievals with approximately half the coastal gap as compared to the Version 3.0 12.5 km L2B dataset. The geophysical model function used to produce the wind vector cell retrievals remains unchanged between Version 3.0 and 3.1. Each L2B file corresponds to a specific orbital revolution (rev) number, which begins at the southernmost point of the ascending orbit. This is the official dataset produced by the NASA QuikSCAT Project through the SeaWinds Processing and Analysis Center (SeaPAC). More details to the processing changes and improvements are to be published in the near future, but for now can be referenced by the following presentation: https://mdc.coaps.fsu.edu/scatterometry/meeting/docs/2016/Thu_AM/coastal-poster.pdf.
QuikSCAT Level 2B Ocean Wind Vectors in 12.5km Slice Composites Version 3.1
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODSA-1D9N4
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 9km Nighttime
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 9km Nighttime V2019.0
The SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 1B dataset contains the geo-located Sigma-0 measurements and antenna pulse "egg" and "slice" geometries as derived from ephemeris and the Level 1A dataset. The pulse "egg" represents the complete footprint of the pulse, which has a spatial geometry of approximately 25 km by 35 km. There are 8 slices that constitute the range-binned components of a pulse each of which has a spatial geometry of approximately 25 km by 7 km. The orientation of the long dimension of the slices varies with the rotation of the antenna and thus does not align with the along/across track orientation of the wind vector grid in the L2B/L2A products. This dataset represents the second reprocessed version of the Level 1B release. Special note: QuikSCAT went into a "non-spinning" mode on 22 November 2009. The final rev number in the nominal Operational "spinning" mode is 54296; the "non-spinning" mode of the instrument continued predominantly until the end of the time series. There were some brief periods of "spinning" in between, which include the following days and rev numbers (identified in parenthesis): 1) 29 January 2013 to 5 February 2013 (7909-71011), 2) 14 March 2013 (71536-71549), 3) 18 March 2013 to 21 March 2013 (71590-71634), and 4) 28 March 2013 to 31 March 2013 (71735-71769). Data during the "non-spinning" mode is not consistently calibrated with data from the "spinning" mode. Furthermore, incidence angles change periodically during the "non-spinning" mode. It is therefore advised that only "expert" users attempt using the data during the "non-spinning" mode. For standard L1B data users who wish to access consistently calibrated L1B data during the "non-spinning" mode, please consider using the L1B Averaged Sigma-0 dataset as alternative, which may be accessed by contacting podaac@podaac.jpl.nasa.gov
JPL QuikSCAT Project
NSCAT High Resolution R-MGDR, Selected Ocean Wind Vectors (JPL)
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 1B Time-Ordered Earth-Located Sigma0 Version 2
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Annual,Ascending sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Annual Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Annual Data V5.0
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, thermal-IR SST level 3, 4km, 8-day, nighttime product.
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 4km Nighttime v2014.0
This dataset contains global, rectangular-gridded Sigma-0 retrieval statistics from SeaWinds on QuikSCAT retrievals, which are generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU); the processed files are therefore known as SIR files. The SeaWinds scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. The SIR files are all contained within a single tar file for a given day. When the tar file is unpacked, the individual SIR files are separated according to polarization and the corresponding retrieval statistic (i.e., daily average, standard deviation, and daily measurement counts). Consequently, there are 6 SIR files contained within each unpacked tar file. These SIR files were also used to generate a complimentary dataset of GIF images representing the daily averaged Sigma-0, which is meant for browse purposes only and available here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_GLOBAL_RECTANGULAR_BROWSE_IMAGES. An additional complimentary dataset includes a reduced version of these Sigma-0 retrieval statistics by providing only the daily Sigma-0 average: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_GLOBAL_RECTANGULAR_BROWSE_MAPS_LITE. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 3 Sigma-0 Global Rectangular Browse Maps (Complete)
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is an oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-1 campaign involved a series of 5 cruises during 2012 - 2013 seeking to characterize the salinity structure and balance in a high salinity, high evaporation, and low rainfall region of the subtropical North Atlantic. It aims to resolve processes responsible for maintaining the subtropical surface salinity maximum in this region and within a 900 x 800-mile square study area centered at 25N, 38W. The SPURS central mooring consisted of a surface meteorological package, surface oceanographic instruments, and subsurface, non-real time oceanographic instruments including CTD, ADCP sensors and current meters providing continuous series of temperature, salinity and current profile observations. Meteorological observations include wind speed, air temperature, precipitation, and radiative flux. The mooring was deployed in 5,535 meters of water at N24:34.867, W38 on 14 September 2012, was serviced on 25 March 2013 and recovered on 30 September 2013. WHOI mooring data files include surface and subsurface time series of sea temperature, skin temperature, salinity, conductivity, wind velocity, air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation rate, barometric pressure, shortwave and longwave radiation, short/longwave flux, heat Flux, wind Speed and direction.
WHOI mooring CTD, surface flux and meterorological data for the SPURS-1 N. Atlantic field campaign
SPURS Field Campaign SPURS Central Mooring Products
HUMIDITY INDICES
SKIN TEMPERATURE
HUMIDITY
RADIATIVE FLUX
The NOAA/NCEP Reynolds Optimally Interpolated (OI) Sea Surface Temperature weekly Level 4 product consists of aggregate 7 day global sea surface temperature fields on a 1 degree by 1 degree grid. The OI analysis employed uses both in-situ SSTs from ships and buoys and satellite derived SSTs from the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). The satellite derived SSTs are from the Multichannel Sea Surface Temperature products that have been constructed operationally from the five-channel AVHRR by NOAA's Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) since late 1981 through to present. The weekly product has been available since 1993 and is widely used for weather and climate monitoring and forecasting. Version 2.0 of this dataset utilizes an update and extension of the COADS in-situ data series providing enhanced ship data coverage through 1997 and reducing the residual satellite biases in otherwise data sparse regions. This version also implements enhancements to the OI analysis utilizing simulations of SST observations from an improved sea ice algorithm and data following a technique developed at the UK Met Office, improvements that further reduce biases in the OI SST particularly at higher latitudes.
Dataset Policy created for REYNOLDS_NCEP_L3_SST_OPT_INTERP_WEEKLY_V2
NOAA National Center for Environmental Prediction, Camp Springs, Maryland, USA
Reynolds NCEP Level 4 Optimally Interpolated SST Weekly
Reynolds NCEP Level 4 Optimally Interpolated SST Weekly Version 2
This is a Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature (SST) analysis dataset produced daily on an operational basis by the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO) on a global 0.1x0.1 degree grid. The K10 (NAVO 10-km gridded SST analyzed product) L4 analysis uses SST observations from the following instruments: Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), and Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI). The AVHRR data for this comes from the MetOp-A, MetOp-B, and NOAA-19 satellites; VIIRS data is sourced from the Suomi_NPP satellite; SEVIRI data comes from the Meteosat-8 and -11 satellites. The age (time-lag), reliability, and resolution of the data are used in the weighted average with the analysis tuned to represent SST at a reference depth of 1-meter. Input data from the AVHRR Pathfinder 9km climatology dataset (1985-1999) is used when no new satellite SST retrievals are available after 34 days. Comparing with its predecessor (DOI: https://doi.org/10.5067/GHK10-L4N01 ), this updated dataset has no major changes in Level-4 interpolated K10 algorithm, except for using different satellite instrument data, and updating metadata and file format. The major updates include: (a) updated and enhanced the granule-level metadata information, (b) converted the SST file from GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) v1.0 to v2.0, (c) added the sea_ice_fraction variable to the product, and (d) updated the filename convention to reflect compliance with GDS v2.0.
GHRSST Level 4 K10_SST Global 10 km Analyzed Sea Surface Temperature from Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO) in GDS2.0
K10 Global 10 km Analyzed SST data set
Meteosat Second Generation 4
MSG4
JPL TELLUS GRACE Level-3 Monthly OCEAN Water-Equivalent-Thickness Surface-Mass Anomaly Release 6.0
TELLUS_GRAC_L3_JPL_RL06_OCN_v03
JPL TELLUS GRACE Level-3 Monthly Ocean Bottom Pressure Anomaly Release 6.0 version 03 in netCDF/ASCII/GeoTIFF Formats
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, seasonal, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the 7-Day running mean ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the 7-Day, Ascending rain-flagged rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending 7-Day Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending 7-Day Data V5.0
The Global Lake/Reservoir Surface Inland Water Extent Mask Time Series are derived from the MODIS instruments. The purpose of this dataset is to provide surface water dynamics for several hundred lakes and reservoirs throughout the globe, with a base temporal resolution of 8 days and a spatial resolution of 500 meters. With the exception of periods of low-quality input data, these time series will extend across the lifespan of the MODIS multispectral reflectance products, from roughly 2000 to present. These time series will allow us to satisfy the project goal to produce ESDRs of suitable quality to support long-term trend analysis and global water dynamics models for the longest length possible (in most cases, about 20 years, the length of the altimetry record) of key measures of surface water storages and fluxes. This product should be accessible and of direct use to both water managers and the scientific community worldwide, and will allow for improved assessment and modeling of human impact on the global water cycle. These pre SWOT data are derived from satellites to provide hydrological measurements. The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will have hydrology as one of its objectives. This dataset does not have the same variables as SWOT, but does provide hydrological measurements with typical quality flagging typical of satellite data. Not only does it provide science information, it can also assist hydrological users new to satellite data with the satellite data formats and variables before SWOT launches.
Khandelwal, Anjush; Kumar, Vipin
Pre SWOT Hydrology Global Lake/Reservoir Surface Area
PRESWOT_HYDRO_L3_LAKE_RESEVOIR_AREA_V2
Pre SWOT Hydrology Global Lake/Reservoir Surface Inland Water Area Extent V2
LAKES
FOR EXPERT USE ONLY. This dataset contains estimates of static field geopotential of the Earth, derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission measurements, produced by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The data are in spherical harmonics averaged over approximately a month. The primary objective of the GRACE mission is to obtain accurate estimates of the mean and time-variable components of the gravity field variations. This objective is achieved by making continuous measurements of the change in distance between twin spacecraft, co-orbiting in about 500 km altitude, near circular, polar orbit, spaced approximately 200 km apart, using a microwave ranging system. In addition to these range change, the non-gravitional forces are measured on each satellite using a high accuracy electrostatic, room-temperature accelerometer. The satellite orientation and position (and timing) are precisely measured using twin star cameras and a GPS receiver, respectively. Spatial and temporal variations in the gravity field affect the orbits (or trajectories) of the twin spacecraft differently. These differences are manifested as changes in the distance between the spacecraft, as they orbit the Earth. This change in distance is reflected in the time-of-flight of microwave signals transmitted and received nearly simultaneously between the two spacecraft. The change in this time of fight is continuously measured by tracking the phase of the microwave carrier signals. The so called dual-one-way range change measurements can be reconstructed from these phase measurements. This range change (or its numerically derived derivatives), along with other mission and ancillary data, is subsequently analyzed to extract the parameters of an Earth gravity field model.
GRACE Monthly Geopotential Spherical Harmonic Coefficients JPL (GSM)
GRACE_GSM_L2_GRAV_JPL_RL06
GRACE FIELD GEOPOTENTIAL COEFFICIENTS JPL RELEASE 6.0
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) global Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on a 0.25 degree grid at the NOAA National Climatic Data Center. This product uses optimal interpolation (OI) using data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Pathfinder Version 5 time series (when available, otherwise operational NOAA AVHRR data are used), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E), and in situ ship and buoy observations. A second similar product is available back to 1981 that includes only in situ and AVHRR Pathfinder data in its analysis. The OI analysis is a daily average SST that is bias adjusted using a spatially smoothed 7-day in situ SST average and is thus tuned to about 0.3 meter. Both day and night satellite fields are independently bias adjusted. More information is available at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/sst/oi-daily.php
2007-04-13. Kenneth S. Casey: Original; 2007-04-18. E. Armstrong. Modified DSD_Entry_ID
National Climatic Data Center
National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, USA
GHRSST Level 4 AVHRR_AMSR_OI Global Blended Sea Surface Temperature Analysis
Daily L4 Optimally Interpolated SST (OISST) AVHRR and AMSR-E Analysis
NOAA National Climatic Data Center
This dataset contains the ISS-RapidScat Version 1.3 Level 1B geo-located Sigma-0 measurements and antenna pulse "egg" and "slice" geometries as derived from ephemeris and the Level 1A dataset. Version 1.3 is intended as a replacement and continuation of the Version 1.2 data forward from orbital revolution number 7873, corresponding to 11 February 2016; on 11 Feb 2016, RapidScat entered it's 3rd low signal to noise ratio (SNR) state and the initial calibration of low SNR 3 was preliminary during the Version 1.2 release. The fundamental difference between Version 1.3 and the previous Version 1.2 datasets is that the L1B sigma-0 has been re-calibrated during the periods of low SNR states 3 and 4 using re-pointed QuikSCAT data. The pulse "egg" represents the complete footprint of the pulse, which has a spatial geometry of approximately 25 km by 35 km. There are 8 slices that constitute the range-binned components of a pulse each of which has a spatial geometry of approximately 25 km by 7 km. The orientation of the long dimension of the slices varies with the rotation of the antenna and thus does not align with the along/across track orientation of the wind vector grid in the L2B/L2A products. Data are provided in single-orbit files in HDF-4 format. RapidScat is a Ku-band dual beam circular rotating scatterometer retaining much of the same hardware and functionality of QuikSCAT, with exception of the antenna sub-system and digital interface to the ISS Columbus module, which is where RapidScat is mounted. The NASA mission is officially referred to as ISS-RapidScat. Unlike QuikSCAT, ISS-RapidScat is not in sun-synchronous orbit, and flies at roughly half the altitude with a low inclination angle that restricts data coverage to the tropics and mid-latitude regions; the extent of latitudinal coverage stretches from approximately 61 degrees North to 61 degrees South. Furthermore, there is no consistent local time of day retrieval. Caution: this dataset is intended for expert use only. If you must use RapidScat Sigma-0 data but you are unsure about how to use the L1B data record, please consider using either of the following L2A datasets: 1) http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/RSCAT_L2A_12KM_V1.3 or 2) http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/RSCAT_L2A_25KM_V1.3. If you have any questions or concerns, please visit our Forum at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/forum/.
RapidScat Level 1B Time-Ordered Geo-Located Sigma-0
RapidScat Level 1B Time-Ordered Geo-Located Sigma-0 Version 1.3
This dataset contains sea surface temperature derived from observations made by the WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and launched on 6 January 2003 aboard the Department of Defense Coriolis satellite. This radiometer is well-calibrated and contains the lower frequency channels required for SST retrievals. The radiometer operates in 5 discrete bands: 6.8, 10.7, 18.7, 23.8 and 37.0 GHz. The 10.7, 18.7 and 37.0 GHz bands are fully polarimetric whereas the 6.8 and 23.8 GHz bands have only dual polarization. The feedhorns of each frequency band trace out different arcs along the bench, therefore the Earth Incidence Angles (EIA) are different for each frequency band. Unlike previous radiometers, the WindSat sensor takes observations during both the forward and aft looking scans. This makes the WindSat geometry of the earth view swath quite different and significantly more complicated than the other passive microwave sensors. The Remote Sensing Systems (RSS, or REMSS) WindSat dataset is the only one available that uses both the fore and aft look directions which results in a wider swath and more complicated swath geometry visible in the provided maps. RSS produces these SST data for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Project. In the data processing chain, a first stage produces a near-real-time (NRT) dataset (identified with a "rt" within the file name) which is made as available as soon as possible. A later second stage produces a final dataset (identified by "v7" within the file name) that contains more data than the NRT version. In this dataset, both ascending (evening time) and descending (morning time) gridded orbital passes are packaged into the same daily file.Although the product designation is "L2P_GRIDDED" it is in actuality a Level 3 Collated (L3C) product as defined in the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2.0. Its "L2P_GRIDDED" name derives from a deprecated specification in the early Pilot Project phase of GHRSST (pre 2008) and has remained for file naming continuity.
GHRSST Level 2P Gridded Global Subskin Sea Surface Temperature from WindSat polarimetric radiometer on the Coriolis satellite
WindSat Coriolis L3 gridded SST data set
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales.This particular data set is the Monthly, Descending rain-flagged sea surface salinity smoothed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Smoothed Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Smoothed Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Data V5.0
These are gridded Sea Surface Height Anomalies (SSHA) above a mean sea surface, on 1/6th degree grid every 5 days. It contains the fully corrected heights, but delayed 3 months. If you require data sooner there is an interim dataset available, but with slightly lower accuracy at http://dx.doi.org/10.5067/SLINT-CDRV2.The gridded data are derived from the SSHA data of TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, Jason-2 and Jason-3 as reference data from the level 2 swath data found at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/MERGED_TP_J1_OSTM_OST_CYCLES_V42, plus ERS-1, ERS-2, Envisat, SARAL-AltiKa, CRyosat-2, depending on the date, from the RADS database. The gridding is done by the kriging method. The date given in the data is the center of the 5 day window.
Zlotnicki, Victor; Qu, Zheng; Willis, Joshua
MEaSUREs Gridded Sea Surface Height Anomalies
SEA_SURFACE_HEIGHT_ALT_GRIDS_L4_2SATS_5DAY_6THDEG_V_JPL1609
MEaSUREs Gridded Sea Surface Height Anomalies Version 1812
This SeaWinds on QuikSCAT scatterometer-derived Arctic sea ice classification dataset is provided as a service to the ocean and sea ice research communities on behalf of Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU) and the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP). This dataset provides nominal 4.45 km (pixel resolution at reference latitude 70 N) gridded fields that classify First-Year (FY) and Multi-Year (MY) sea ice using SeaWinds on QuikSCAT scatterometer observations on a daily basis from 20 June 2002 through 23 November 2009. It is unique from other sea ice classification datasets primarily due to its utilization of passive microwave AMSR-E data to provide the initial ocean/ice masking edge and the use of a seasonal threshold for FY and MY sea ice classification from only SeaWinds data.The dataset is derived from daily gridded QuikSCAT vertically polarized (V-pol) egg backscatter data from the SCP, which is made available at the PO.DAAC: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QUIKSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ENHANCED . A seasonally varying threshold was derived by Swan and Long (2012) and used to discriminate between FY and MY sea ice based on QuikSCAT V-pol egg backscatter. The sea ice mask was derived by applying threshold constraints to the SCP AMSR-E 6 GHz images, which are made available by the BYU SCP: http://www.scp.byu.edu/data/AMSRE/SIR/AMSRE_sir.html . The data is provided in a CF-compliant, netCDF version 3 format. Further details on the algorithms and validation are described in further detail by Swan and Long (2012). The dataset, software readers and user guide documentation may all be accessed in PO.DAAC Drive at https://podaac-tools.jpl.nasa.gov/drive/files/allData/quikscat/preview/L3/byu_scp/sea_ice_age/arctic/ . For more information on the QuikSCAT platform and mission, please visit http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/OceanWind/QuikSCAT .
David Long
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Arctic Sea Ice Age Classification (BYU/SCP)
Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science
ROSES
SEA ICE AGE
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution density data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the 28-Day running mean, Ascending seasurface density product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Ascending 28-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Ascending 28-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, seasonal, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the monthly climatology, descending ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Climatology Data V5.0
This dataset contains in situ depth measurements from Multibeam Echo Sounder System (MBES) instruments. These depths were used to map the bathymetry around ocean terminating glaciers of Greenland. The bathymetry mapping is part of the Oceans Melting Greenland (OMG) project. The goal of the project is to find out what contributions the ocean has on Greenland's melting glaciers. The MBES was onboard a ship so the tracks are not of a swath, but less regularly patterned as the ship is limited as to where it can traverse due to floating glaciers, ice cover and general weather conditions. Bathymetry was also measured with the Singlebeam Echo Sounder System (SBES) in areas where the MBES could not go, but has less spatial coverage.
OMG Swath Gridded Multibeam Echo Sounding (MBES) Bathymetry
Multibeam Echo Sounder System
OMGSHIP_MBES
MBES
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averagedover daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the 7-Day running mean sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the 7-Day, Ascending wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Ascending 7-Day Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Ascending 7-Day Data V5.0
This dataset is derived under the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) project and contains value-added WindSat ocean surface winds from the Coriolis platform. The CCMP datasets combine cross-calibrated satellite winds obtained from Remote Sensing Systems (REMSS) using a Variational Analysis Method (VAM) to produce a high-resolution (0.25 degree) gridded analysis. Wind directions from the resulting analysis are assigned to the location and time of the satellite-derived wind speed observations to create this value added dataset. The CCMP data set includes cross-calibrated satellite winds derived from SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR-E, TRMM TMI, QuikSCAT, SeaWinds, WindSat and other satellite instruments as they become available from REMSS. REMSS uses a cross-calibrated sea-surface emissivity model function which improves the consistency between wind speed retrievals from microwave radiometers (i.e., SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR, TMI, WindSat) and those from scatterometers (i.e., QuikSCAT and SeaWinds). The VAM combines these data with in situ measurements and a starting estimate (first guess) of the wind field. The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-40 Reanalysis is used as the first-guess from 1987 to 1998. The ECMWF Operational analysis is used from January 1999 onward. All wind observations and analysis fields are referenced to a height of 10 meters. The ERA-40 can be obtained from the Computation and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR): http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds117.0/. The ECMWF Operational analysis can also be obtained from CISL at NCAR: http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds111.1/. Three products are distributed to complete the CCMP dataset series. L3.0 product contains high-resolution analyses every 6-hours. These data are then time averaged over monthly and 5-day periods to derive the L3.5 product. Directions from the L3.0 product are then assigned to the time and location of the passive microwave satellite wind speed observations to derive the L2.5 product. All datasets are distributed on a 0.25 degree cylindrical coordinate grid. This dataset is one in a series of First-Look (FLK) CCMP datasets and is a continuation and expansion of the SSM/I surface wind velocity project that began under the NASA Pathfinder Program. Refinements and upgrades to the FLK version will be incorporated under a new release (date to be determined) known as Late-look (LLK) and may include additional satellite datasets. All satellite surface wind data are obtained from REMSS under the DISCOVER project: Distributed Information Services: Climate/Ocean Products and Visualizations for Earth Research (http://www.discover-earth.org/index.html). The CCMP project is the result of an investigation funded by the NASA Making Earth Science data records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program (http://community.eosdis.nasa.gov/measures/). In accordance with the MEaSUREs program, the CCMP datasets are also known as Earth System Data Records (ESDRs). In collaboration with private and government institutions, a team led by Dr. Robert Atlas (PI; proposal originally solicited by REASoN, and currently funded by MEaSURES) has created the CCMP project to provide multi-instrument ocean surface wind velocity ESDRs, with wide ranging research applications in meteorology and oceanography.
Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform Ocean Surface Wind Vector L2.5 First-Look WindSat Microwave Analyses
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped mid-Infrared SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 3 and 4 mid-IR bands (MODIS channels 20,21,22 and 23). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, mid-IR SST level 3, 9km, daily, nighttime product.
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR Daily 9km Nighttime v2014.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Daily,Ascending sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Daily Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Daily Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Monthly,Descending sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Data V5.0
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature (SST) analysis produced daily on an operational basis at the Canadian Meteorological Center. This dataset merges infrared satellite SST at varying points in the time series from the (A)TSR series of radiometers from ERS-1, ERS-2 and Envisat, AVHRR from NOAA-16,17,18,19 and METOP-A, and microwave data from TMI, AMSR-E and Windsat in conjunction with in situ observations of SST from drifting buoys and ships from the ICOADS program. It uses the previous days analysis as the background field for the statistical interpolation used to assimilate the satellite and in situ observations. This dataset adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
GHRSST Level 4 CMC0.2deg Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis (GDS version 2)
CMC 0.2 deg global sea surface temperature analysis
Along Track Scanning Radiometer 2
ATSR-2
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution derived density averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the missionseries mean or cumulative, sea surface density product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Mission Cumulative Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Mission Cumulative Data V5.0
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODAM-MO9N4
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR Monthly 9km Nighttime
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR Monthly 9km Nighttime V2019.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonaltime scales. This particular data set is the monthly climatology, Descending sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onbard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Climatology Data V5.0
This dataset contains GIF images of global, rectangular-gridded, daily averaged Sigma-0 retrievals from SeaWinds on QuikSCAT retrievals, which are generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU). The SeaWinds scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. The GIF image files are separated according to polarization, and the averaged Sigma-0 measurements are displayed in grayscale with no color bar. Very bright areas indicate high Sigma-0 averages. It should be noted that these GIF images are meant for browse purposes only and should not be considered science quality. The science quality source dataset containing the SIR files used to generate the GIF images is accessible here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_GLOBAL_RECTANGULAR_BROWSE_MAPS_LITE. An additional complimentary dataset of SIR files contains the full daily Sigma-0 statistcs: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_GLOBAL_RECTANGULAR_BROWSE_MAPS_FULL. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 3 Sigma-0 Global Rectangular Browse Images
This dataset contains reconstructed global-mean sea level evolution and the estimated contributing processes over 1900-2018. Reconstructed sea level is based on annual-mean tide-gauge observations and uses the virtual-station method to aggregrate the individual observations into a global estimate. The contributing processes consist of thermosteric changes, glacier mass changes, mass changes of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheet, and terrestrial water storage changes. The glacier, ice sheet, and terrestrial water storage are estimated by combining GRACE observations (2003-2018) with long-term estimates from in-situ observations and models. Steric estimates are based on in-situ temperature profiles. The upper- and lower bound represent the 5 and 95 percent confidence level. The numbers are equal to the ones presented in Frederikse et al. The causes of sea-level rise since 1900, Nature, 2020.
Frederikse, T.; Landerer, F.; Caron, L.; Adhikari, S.; Parkes, D.; Humphrey V.; Dangendorf, S.; Hogarth, P.; Zanna, L.; Cheng, L.; Wu, Y.
Reconstructed Global Mean Sea Level from GRACE and In Situ 1900 to 2018
JPL_RECON_GMSL
NASA/JPL/OSTM
118 Years
GRACE non-tidal high-frequency atmospheric and oceanic mass variation models are routinely generated at GFZ as so-called Atmosphere and Ocean De-aliasing Level-1B (AOD1B) products (in terms of corresponding spherical harmonic geopotential coefficients) to be added to the background static gravity model during GRACE monthly gravity field determination. AOD1B products are 3-hourly series of spherical harmonic coefficients up to degree and order 180 which are routinely provided to the GRACE Science Data System and the user community with only a few days time delay. These products reflect spatio-temporal mass variations in the atmosphere and oceans deduced from an operational atmospheric model and corresponding ocean dynamics provided by an ocean model. The variability is derived by subtraction of a long-term mean of vertical integrated atmospheric mass distributions and a corresponding mean of ocean bottom pressure as simulated with the ocean model. For further details, please refer to https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/en/aod1b/.The Gridded AOD1B data sets provided here contain the monthly mean AOD1B data in geolocated gridded form, smoothed or spatially aggregated to be consistent with the GRACE and GRACE-FO Tellus Level-3 data products of land and/or ocean mass anomalies. With these gridded AOD1B Level-3 products, users can remove or add the effects of the modeled mean monthly atmospheric and ocean bottom pressure change (e.g., to compare different models).
JPL GRACE/GRACE-FO Gridded-AOD1B Water-Equivalent-Thickness Surface-Mass Anomaly RL06 dataset for Tellus Level-3 mascon 0.5-degree grid
GRC-GFO_GRIDDED_AOD1B_JPL_MASCON_RL06
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, thermal-IR SST level 3, 9km, daily, nighttime product.
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 9km Nighttime v2014.0
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is a NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project is comprised of two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. A Waveglider is an autonomous platform propelled by the conversion of ocean wave energy into forward thrust and employing solar panels to power instrumentation. For SPURS-2, sensors included a CTD at the near-surface and another at 6 m depth, providing continuous salinity and temperature observations plus air temperature and wind measurements. Three wavegliders (ASL22, 32, 42) were deployed from the Revelle in August 2016 and again in November 2017 before final retrieval at the conclusion on the second cruise. Waveglider trajectories followed a 20x20km square loop around the moorings and a butterfly pattern around the neutrally-buoyant float. NetCDF waveglider data files here (one per platform) contain hour averaged, georeferenced trajectory data for those parameters and depths.
Ben Hodges
ASL, Physical Oceanography Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
SPURS-2 Waveglider data for the E. Tropical Pacific field campaign
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averagedover daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the seasonal climatology rain-flagged rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Climatology Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, Annual, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the Annual ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Annual Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Annual Data V5.0
This dataset contains ocean surface Northward wind from SeaWinds on QuikSCAT binned and averaged monthly on 1 degree grids. The coverage is from August 1999 through October 2009. The QuikSCAT Project produced this dataset in support of the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) under the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) and was first made available via the Earth System Grid. This dataset was derived directly from the Version 2 QuikSCAT Level 2B 25-km dataset, which can be accessed here: https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_LEVEL_2B_V2. The SeaWinds instrument is a conical scanning pencil-beam radar, with dual-beam and dual-polarization capability, operating at Ku-band to provide all-weather ocean surface wind vector retrievals. Along with this dataset, two additional ancillary data files are included in the same directory which contain the number of observations and standard error co-located on the same 1 degree grids. This wind vector dataset is designed to be used in conjunction with the complete wind vector dataset, which include separate dataset files for both the Eastward component and total wind speed of the wind vector. All corresponding dataset and ancillary data files are included in a common directory. For more information on the QuikSCAT platform and mission, please visit https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/OceanWind/QuikSCAT.
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 3 Surface Northward Wind for Climate Model Comparison
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the mission cummulative, Descending rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Mission Cumulative Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Mission Cumulative Data V5.0
A Level 2P swath-based Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset for the North Atlantic area from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-19 platform (launched on 6 Feb 2009). This particular dataset is produced by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Earth Observation Data Acquisition and Analysis Service (NEODAAS) in collaboration with the National Centre for Ocean Forecasting (NCOF) in the United Kingdom. The AVHRR is a space-borne scanning sensor on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) family of Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) having a operational legacy that traces back to the Television Infrared Observation Satellite-N (TIROS-N) launched in 1978. AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micrometer) and near-infrared (0.9 micrometer) regions, the third one is located around 3.5 micrometer, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micrometers, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micrometer. Typically the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive sea surface temperature (SST) sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The highest ground resolution that can be obtained from the current AVHRR instruments is 1.1 km at nadir. The NOAA platforms are sun synchronous generally viewing the same earth location twice a day or more (latitude dependent) due to the relatively large AVHRR swath of approximately 2400 km.NEODAAS-Dundee acquires approximately 15 AVHRR direct broadcast High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT) passes per day over NW Europe and the Arctic. Each pass is approximately 15 minutes duration. These are immediately transferred to NEODAAS-Plymouth where they are processed into sea surface temperature (SST) products and converted to L2P specifications.
NEODAAS
NERC Earth Observation Data Acquisition and Analysis Service, UK
AVHRR L2P SST
GHRSST L2P sea surface temperature from AVHRR
GHRSST Level 2P North Atlantic Regional Bulk Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-19 satellite produced by NEODAAS
Northeast Atlantic
PML
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODSA-MO9N4
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 9km Nighttime
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 9km Nighttime V2019.0
2005-12-06. B D McKenzie: Original; 2006-04-11 E. Armstrong
GHRSST Level 2P Global Bulk Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-18 satellite produced by NAVO
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution density data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is theDaily, Descending sea surface density product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Descending Daily Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Descending Daily Data V5.0
Dataset Policy created for AVHRR_NAVOCEANO_L3_18km_MCSST_DAYTIME
AVHRR NAVOCEANO Level 3 18km Multi-Channel SST Daytime
This dataset contains the Version 1.2 ISS-RapidScat Level 2A 25km science data record, which provides surface-flagged sigma-0 in 25km Wind Vector Cells processed using the pulse "egg" Sigma-0 data provided by the Level 1B dataset. Version 1.2 is intended as a replacement and continuation of the Version 1.1 data forward from orbital revolution number 5127, corresponding to 19 August 2015; the overlapping time period starting on 19 August 2015 corresponds to the first time period of the recorded low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This Version 1.2 dataset differs from the previous Version 1.1 dataset as follows: 1) L1B sigma-0 has been re-calibrated during the periods of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and 2) during low SNR periods the L1B sigma-0 calibration is determined using re-pointed L1B QuikSCAT data. Due to the circular scan of the SeaWinds instrument the expected number of Sigma-0 cells per WVC is not constant. To minimize the L2A data volume, the Sigma-0 cell data are stored as "lists" for each WVC row, with each list indexed by a "cell_index" array to indicate the cross-track WVC membership of the data. Each cell is then checked for land or ice and flagged accordingly. Attenuation corrections for each Sigma-0 measurement are also provided. Data are provided in single-orbit files in HDF-4 format. RapidScat is a Ku-band dual beam circular rotating scatterometer retaining much of the same hardware and functionality of QuikSCAT, with exception of the antenna sub-system and digital interface to the International Space Station (ISS) Columbus module, which is where RapidScat is mounted. The NASA mission is officially referred to as ISS-RapidScat. Unlike QuikSCAT, ISS-RapidScat is not in sun-synchronous orbit, and flies at roughly half the altitude with a low inclination angle that restricts data coverage to the tropics and mid-latitude regions; the extent of latitudinal coverage stretches from approximately 56 degrees North to 56 degrees South. Furthermore, there is no consistent local time of day retrieval. If you have any questions or concerns, please visit our Forum at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/forum/.
RapidScat Level 2A Surface Flagged Sigma-0 and Attenuations in 25Km Swath Grid Version 1.2
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonaltime scales. This particular data set is the seasonal climatology wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Climatology Data V5.0
Version 5.0 Aquarius CAP Level 3 products are the fourth release of the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mapped salinity and wind speed data based on the Combined Active Passive (CAP) algorithm. CAP Level 3 standard mapped image products contain gridded 1 degree spatial resolution salinity and wind speed data averaged over 7 day and monthly time scales. This particular dataset is the 7-Day running mean wind speed V5.0 Aquarius CAP product. CAP is a P.I. produced dataset developed and provided by JPL. The CAP algorithm utilizes data from both the onboard radiometer and scatterometer to simultaneously retrieve salinity, wind speed and direction by minimizing the sum of squared differences between model and observations. The main improvements in CAP V5.0 relative to the previous version include: updates to the Geophysical Model Functions to 4th order harmonics with the inclusion of sea surface temperature (SST) and stability at air-sea interface effects; use of the Canadian Meteorological Center (CMC) SST product as the new source ancillary sea surface temperature data in place of NOAA OI SST. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius CAP Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged overdaily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Annual sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Annual Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Annual Data V5.0
NOAA-20 (hereafter, N20; also known as JPSS-1 or J1 prior to launch) is the second satellite in the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) latest generation Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS). N20 was launched on November 18, 2017. In conjunction with the first US satellite in JPSS series, Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite launched on October 28, 2011, N20 form the new NOAA polar constellation. The ACSPO N20/VIIRS L3U (Level 3 Uncollated) product is a gridded version of the ACSPO N20/VIIRS L2P product available here https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/VIIRS_N20-OSPO-L2P-v2.61. The L3U output files are 10-minute granules in netCDF4 format, compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). There are 144 granules per 24hr interval, with a total data volume of 500MB/day. Fill values are reported at all invalid pixels, including pixels with >5 km inland. For each valid water pixel (defined as ocean, sea, lake or river, and up to 5 km inland), the following layers are reported: SSTs, ACSPO clear-sky mask (ACSM; provided in each grid as part of l2p_flags, which also includes day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags), NCEP wind speed, and ACSPO SST minus reference (Canadian Met Centre 0.1deg L4 SST; available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/CMC0.1deg-CMC-L4-GLOB-v3.0 ). Only L2P SSTs with QL=5 were gridded, so all valid SSTs are recommended for the users. Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (SSES bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel with valid SST. The ACSPO VIIRS L3U product is monitored and validated against iQuam in situ data (Xu and Ignatov, 2014) in SQUAM (Dash et al, 2010).
GHRSST Level 3U OSPO dataset from VIIRS on NOAA-20 Satellite (GDS v2)
GHRSST Level 3U OSPO dataset v2.61 from VIIRS on NOAA-20 Satellite (GDS v2)
A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the European Meteorological Operational-B (MetOp-B; launched 19 Oct 2006) ) satellite produced and used operationally in oceanographic analyses and forecasts by the US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO). The MetOp satellite program is a European undertaking providing weather data services for monitoring climate and improving weather forecasts. It was jointly established by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) with a contribution by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of an AVHRR sensor identical to those flying on the family of Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES). AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micrometer) and near-infrared (0.9 micrometer) regions, the third one is located around 3.5 micrometer, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micrometers, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micrometer. Typically the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive SST sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The MetOp-A platform is sun synchronous generally viewing the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent) due to the relatively large AVHRR swath of approximately 2400 km. The highest ground resolution that can be obtained from the current AVHRR instruments is 1.1 km at nadir. This particular dataset is produced from Global Area Coverage (GAC) data that are derived from an on-board sample averaging of the full resolution global AVHRR data. Four out of every five samples along the scan line are used to compute on average value and the data from only every third scan line are processed, yielding an effective 4 km resolution at nadir. Further binning and averaging of these pixels results in a final dataset resolution of 8.8 km.
GHRSST Level 2P Global 1m Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the MetOp-B satellite produced by NAVO
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily,7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the mission series mean or cumulative, Descending wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Descending Mission Cumulative Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Descending Mission Cumulative Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly,and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the monthly climatology, Ascending rain-flagged rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Climatology Data V5.0
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) global Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis is produced daily on a 0.25 degree grid at the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. This product uses optimal interpolation (OI) by interpolating and extrapolating SST observations from different sources, resulting in a smoothed complete field. The sources of data are satellite (AVHRR) and in situ platforms (i.e., ships, buoys, and Argo floats above 5m depth), and the specific datasets employed may change over time. In the regions with sea-ice concentration higher than 30%, freezing points of seawater are used to generate proxy SSTs. A preliminary version of this file is produced in near-real time (1-day latency), and then replaced with a final version after 2 weeks. The v2.1 is updated from the AVHRR_OI-NCEI-L4-GLOB-v2.0 data. Major improvements include: 1) In-Situ ship and buoy data changed from the NCEP Traditional Alphanumeric Codes (TAC) to the NCEI merged TAC + Binary Universal Form for the Representation (BUFR) data, with large increase of buoy data included to correct satellite SST biases; 2) Addition of Argo float observed SST data as well, for further correction of satellite SST biases; 3) Satellite input from the METOP-A and NOAA-19 to METOP-A and METOP-B, removing degraded satellite data; 4) Revised ship-buoy SST corrections for improved accuracy; and 5) Revised sea-ice-concentration to SST conversion to remove warm biases in the Arctic region (Banzon et al. 2020). These updates only apply to granules after Jan. 1st, 2016. The data pre 2016 are still the same as v2.0 except for metadata upgrades.
National Centers for Environmental Information
National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, NC, USA
Daily L4 in situ and AVHRR OISST 0.25 degree
Daily L4 Optimally Interpolated SST (OISST) In situ and AVHRR Analysis
GHRSST Level 4 AVHRR_OI Global Blended Sea Surface Temperature Analysis (GDS2) from NCEI
The Smith & Reynolds Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) Level 4 dataset provides a historical reconstruction of monthly global ocean surface temperatures and temperature anomalies on a 2 degree spatial grid since 1854 from in-situ observations based on a consistent statistical methodology that accounts for uneven sampling distributions over time and related observational biases. Version 3b of this dataset implements release 2.4 of ICOADS (International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set) and is supplemented by monthly GTS (Global Telecommunications Ship and buoy) system data. As for the prior ERSST version, v3b implements Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnection analysis (EOT) but with an improved tuning method for sparsely sampled regions and periods. ERSST anomalies are computed with respect to a 1971-2000 month climatology. The ASCII text file version of ERSST v3b contains extended reconstructed sea surface temperature and associated estimated SST error standard deviation fields as 2 similarly structured ASCII flat files.
Smith and Reynolds NCDC Level 4 Historical Reconstructed SST Monthly Version 3b Ascii
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution derived density averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Seasonal, sea surface density product forversion 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Data V5.0
This dataset contains the Global Mean Sea Level (GMSL) trend generated from the Integrated Multi-Mission Ocean Altimeter Data for Climate Research ( http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/MERGED_TP_J1_OSTM_OST_ALL_V42 ). The GMSL is a 1-dimensional time series of globally averaged Sea Surface Height Anomalies (SSHA) from TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, OSTM/Jason-2 and Jason-3. It starts in September 1992 to present, with a lag of up to 4 months. All biases and cross-calibrations have been applied to the data so SSHA are consistent between satellites. Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) has not been applied, but it has been smoothed with a 60 day filter. However this product does not use the TOPEX internal calibration-mode range correction. This is the main difference between version 4 and version 4.2. More information on this calibration can be found at Beckley et al. 2017 DOI 10.1002/2017JC013090. These data are available in ASCII format.
Beckley, B.; Zelensky, N.P.; Holmes, S.A.;Lemoine, F.G.; Ray, R.D.; Mitchum, G.T.; Desai, S.; Brown, S.T.
GSFC
Global Mean Sea Level Trend from Integrated Multi-Mission Ocean Altimeters TOPEX/Poseidon Jason-1 and OSTM/Jason-2
MERGED_TP_J1_OSTM_OST_GMSL_ASCII_V42
Global Mean Sea Level Trend from Integrated Multi-Mission Ocean Altimeters TOPEX/Poseidon Jason-1 and OSTM/Jason-2 Version 4.2
10 Day
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Monthly, Ascending sea surfacesalinity smoothed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Smoothed Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Smoothed Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Data V5.0
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODTM-1D4N4
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Mid-IR Daily 4km Nighttime
MODIS Global Level 3 Mapped SST
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Mid-IR Daily 4km Nighttime V2019.0
The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite was launched on February 27th, 2014 with the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) instrument on board. The GPM mission is a joint effort between NASA, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and other international partners. In march 2005, NASA has chosen the Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colorado to build the GMI instrument on the continued success of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite by expanding current coverage of precipitation from the tropics to the entire world. GMI is a dual-polarization, multi-channel, conical-scanning, passive microwave radiometer with frequent revisit times. One of the primary differences between GPM and other satellites with microwave radiometers is the orbit, which is inclined 65 degrees, allowing a full sampling of all local Earth times repeated approximately every 2 weeks. The GPM platform undergoes yaw maneuvers approximately every 40 days to compensate for the sun's changing position and prevent the side of the spacecraft facing the sun from overheating. Today, the GMI instrument plays an essential role in the worldwide measurement of precipitation and environmental forecasting. Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is one of its major products. The GMI data from the Remote Sensing System (REMSS) have been produced using an updated RTM, Version-8. The V8 brightness temperatures from GMI are slightly different from the V7 brightness temperatures; The SST datasets are available in near-real time (NRT) as they arrive, with a delay of about 3 to 6 hours, including the Daily, 3-Day, Weekly, and Monthly time series products.
GHRSST Level 3U Global Subskin Sea Surface Temperature from GMI onboard GPM satellite
GMI 25km gridded SST data set
GDS2 Version -The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) was launched on 18 May 2012, onboard the Golbal Change Observation Mission - Water (GCOM-W) satellite developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The GCOM-W mission aims to establish the global and long-term observation system to collect data, which is needed to understand mechanisms of climate and water cycle variations, and demonstrate its utilization. AMSR2 onboard the first generation of the GCOM-W satellite will continue Aqua/AMSR-E observations of water vapor, cloud liquid water, precipitation, SST, sea surface wind speed, sea ice concentration, snow depth, and soil moisture. AMSR2 is a remote sensing instrument for measuring weak microwave emission from the surface and the atmosphere of the Earth. From about 700 km above the Earth, AMSR2 will provide us highly accurate measurements of the intensity of microwave emission and scattering. The antenna of AMSR2 rotates once per 1.5 seconds and obtains data over a 1450 km swath. This conical scan mechanism enables AMSR2 to acquire a set of daytime and nighttime data with more than 99% coverage of the Earth every 2 days. Remote Sensing Systems (RSS, or REMSS), providers of these SST data for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Project, performs a detailed processing of AMSR-E instrument data in two stages. The first stage produces a near-real-time (NRT) product (identified by "rt" within the file name) which is made as available as soon as possible. This is generally within 3 hours of when the data are recorded. Although suitable for many timely uses the NRT products are not intended to be archive quality. "Final" data (currently identified by "v8" within the file name) are processed when RSS receives the atmospheric mode NCEP FNL analysis. The NCEP wind directions are particularly useful for retrieving more accurate SSTs and wind speeds. The final "v8" products will continue to accumulate new swaths (half orbits) until the maps are full, generally within 2 days.
GHRSST Level 3U Global Subskin Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 on the GCOM-W satellite
AMSR2 geolocated L3U SST data set
GHRSST Level 3U Global Subskin Sea Surface Temperature version 8a from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 on the GCOM-W satellite
This dataset is Version 2 of the geo-located and averaged Level 1B Sigma-0 measurements and wind retrievals from the SeaWinds on QuikSCAT platform, initiated in the months following the failure of the rotating antenna motor on 22 November 2009, using the various incidence angles at which QuikSCAT was pointed during the time period from November 2009 until present. Incidence angles were varied in order to cross-calibrate the Oceansat-2 and RapidScat scatterometers and to extend the known Ku-band geophysical model function. The averaging of the L1B input data combined with the wind vector processing results are both contained in this product referred to hereafter as Level 1C (L1C). The fixed and repointed beam processing is relative to either the one corresponding to the vertically polarized "outer" beam or the other corresponding to the horizontally polarized "inner" beam. The Sigma-0 values from the fixed operating beam for each frame are averaged to a single value representing approximately 50 samples. The data points are land flagged, collocated with ECMWF surface winds, and have climatological nadir attenuations provided for the location and time of the data (not applied to the sigma0). The following enhancements have been applied in the Version 2 re-processing: 1) the GMF has been updated (QNS2016a) to make use of ECMWF nowcast 1x1 degree resolution wind direction information for the entire historical data record; 2) the new QNS2016a GMF leverages a calibration adjustment from Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) resulting in a consistently lower Normalized Radar Cross Section (NRCS or Sigma-0) measurements that establishes a Sigma-0 bias of -0.25 dB (-5.9% linear scale) compared to the L1C Version 1 data; 3) the new QNS2016a GMF also applies an azimuthal modulation that is decreased by several tenths of a dB (for Sigma-0) in variation with wind speed; this results in a more consistent wind speed retrieval comparison between "non-spinning" and "spinning" modes of the QuikSCAT instrument; 4) spacecraft attitude was re-estimated using slice data over multiple orbits as a replacement for lost echo-tracking capability during the "non-spinning" mode of the instrument; this new attitude estimation follows an unpublished manual technique that leverages the echo power of individual slice observations; since only a small subset of slice observations are analyzed, rapid variations in attitude are not captured; 5) continues data production beyond October 2016 through the end of mission on 30 August 2018. Retrieved wind directions are only slightly different from ECMWF values and should not be considered an independent measurement of wind direction. Retrieved wind speeds do not depend significantly on ECMWF speeds as evidenced by the fact that they agree closely with WindSAT polarimetric radiometer speeds whenever WindSAT and ECMWF disagree. The Sigma0 values have also been corrected for scan loss (due to the fact that the antenna does not scan) and for X-factor changes due to repointing.
QuikSCAT Level 1C Averaged Sigma-0 and Winds from Non-spinning Antenna
QuikSCAT Level 1C Averaged Sigma-0 and Winds from Non-spinning Antenna Version 2.0
A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P data set containing multi-channel Sea Surface Temperature (SST) retrievals derived in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) level-1B data from the Meteorological Operational-A (MetOp-A) satellite. The SST data in this data set are used operationally in oceanographic analyses and forecasts by the US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO). The MetOp satellite program is a European multi-satellite program to provide weather data services for monitoring climate and improving weather forecasts. MetOp-A, MetOp-B and Metop-C were respectively launched on 19 Oct 2006, 17 September 2012 and 7 November 2018. The program was jointly established by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) with the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) contributing the AVHRR sensor. AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micron) and near-infrared (0.9 micron) regions, the third one is located around 4 (3.6) micron, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micron, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micron. Typically, the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive SST sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The swath of the AVHRR sensor is a relatively large 2400 km. All MetOp platforms are sun synchronous and generally view the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent). The ground native resolution of the AVHRR instruments is approximately 1.1 km at nadir and degrades off nadir. This particular data set is produced from legacy Global Area Coverage (GAC) data that are derived from a sample averaging of the full resolution global AVHRR data. Four out of every five samples along the scan line are used to compute on average value and the data from only every third scan line are processed, yielding an effective 4 km spatial resolution at nadir. The v2.0 is the updated version from current v1.0 with extensive algorithm improvements and upgrades. The major improvements include: 1) Significant changes in contaminant/cloud detection; 2) Increased the spatial resolution from 9 km to 4 km; 3) Updated compliance with GDS2, ACDD 1.3, and CF 1.6; and 4) Removed the dependency on the High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) sensor (only available to MetOp-A/B), thus allowing for the consistent inter-calibration and the processing of MetOp-A/B/C data
GHRSST Level 2P Global Bulk Sea Surface Temperature v2.0 from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the MetOp-A satellite produced by NAVO
METOP-A AVHRR GAC L2P swath SST dataset v2.0
GHRSST Level 2P Global Sea Surface Temperature v2.0 from the AVHRR on the MetOp-A satellite produced by NAVO
DOD/USNAVY/NAVOCEANO
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, Daily, and Daily time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the Daily ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Daily Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Daily Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set isthe monthly climatology, Ascending wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Climatology Data V5.0
GOES-16 (G16) is the first satellite in the US NOAA third generation of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES), a.k.a. GOES-R series (which will also include -S, -T, and -U). G16 was launched on 19 Nov 2016 and initially placed in an interim position at 89.5-deg W, between GOES-East and -West. Upon completion of Cal/Val in Dec 2018, it was moved to its permanent position at 75.2-deg W, and declared NOAA operational GOES-East on 18 Dec 2018. NOAA is responsible for all GOES-R products, including Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI). The ABI offers vastly enhanced capabilities for SST retrievals, over the heritage GOES-I/P Imager, including five narrow bands (centered at 3.9, 8.4, 10.3, 11.2, and 12.3 um) out of 16 that can be used for SST, as well as accurate sensor calibration, image navigation and co-registration, spectral fidelity, and sophisticated pre-processing (geo-rectification, radiance equalization, and mapping). From altitude 35,800 km, G16/ABI can accurately map SST in a Full Disk (FD) area from 15-135-deg W and 60S-60N, with spatial resolution 2km at nadir (degrading to 15km at view zenith angle, 67-deg) and temporal sampling of 10min (15min prior to 2 Apr 2019). The Level 2 Preprocessed (L2P) SST product is derived at the native sensor resolution using NOAA Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Ocean (ACSPO) system. ACSPO first processes every 10min FD data SSTs are derived from BTs using the ACSPO clear-sky mask (ACSM; Petrenko et al., 2010) and Non-Linear SST (NLSST) algorithm (Petrenko et al., 2014). Currently, only 4 longwave bands centered at 8.4, 10.3, 11.2, and 12.3 um are used (the 3.9 microns was initially excluded, to minimize possible discontinuities in the diurnal cycle). The regression is tuned against quality controlled in situ SSTs from drifting and tropical mooring buoys in the NOAA iQuam system (Xu and Ignatov, 2014). The 10-min FD data are subsequently collated in time, to produce 1-hr L2P product, with improved coverage, and reduced cloud leakages and image noise, compared to each individual 10min image. In the collated L2P, SSTs and BTs are only reported in clear-sky water pixels (defined as ocean, sea, lake or river, and up to 5 km inland) and fill values elsewhere. The L2P is reported in netCDF4 GHRSST Data Specification version 2 (GDS2) format, 24 granules per day, with a total data volume of 0.6GB/day. In addition to SST, ACSPO files also include sun-sensor geometry, four BTs in ABI bands 11 (8.4um), 13 (10.3um), 14 (11.2um), and 15 (12.3um) and two reflectances in bands 2 and 3 (0.64um and 0.86um; used for cloud identification). The l2p_flags layer includes day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags. Other variables include NCEP wind speed and ACSPO SST minus reference SST (Canadian Met Centre 0.1deg L4 SST; available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/CMC0.1deg-CMC-L4-GLOB-v3.0).Pixel-level earth locations are not reported in the granules, as they remain unchanged from granule to granule. To obtain those, user has a choice of using a flat lat-lon file, or a Python script, both available at ftp://ftp.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/pub/socd4/coastwatch/sst/nrt/abi/nav/. Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (SSES bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel. The ACSPO VIIRS L2P product is monitored and validated against in situ data (Xu and Ignatov, 2014) using the Satellite Quality Monitor SQUAM (Dash et al, 2010), and BTs are validated against RTM simulation in MICROS (Liang and Ignatov, 2011). A reduced size (0.2GB/day), equal-angle gridded (0.02-deg resolution), ACSPO L3C product is also available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/ABI_G16-STAR-L3C-v2.70, where gridded L2P SSTs are reported, and BT layers omitted.
GHRSST NOAA/STAR GOES-16 ABI L2P America Region SST dataset in GDS2
GHRSST NOAA/STAR GOES-16 ABI L2P America Region SST v2.70 dataset in GDS2
The Smith & Reynolds Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) Level 4 dataset provides a historical reconstruction of monthly global ocean surface temperatures and temperature anomalies over a 2 degree spatial grid since 1854 from in-situ observations based on a consistent statistical methodology that accounts for uneven sampling distributions over time and related observational biases. Version 5 of this dataset implements release 3.0 of ICOADS (International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set) and is supplemented by monthly GTS (Global Telecommunications Ship and buoy) system data. As for the prior ERSST version, v5 implements Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnection analysis (EOT) but with an improved tuning method for sparsely sampled regions and periods. ERSST anomalies are computed with respect to a 1971-2000 monthly climatology. The version 5 has been improved from previous version 4. Major improvements in v5 include: 1) Inclusion and use of new sources and new versions of input datasets, such as data from Argo floats (new source), ICOADS R3.0 (from R2.5), HadISST2 (from HadISST1) sea ice concentration, and 2) Improved methodologies, such as inclusion of additional statistical modes, less spatial-temporal smoothing, better quality control method, and bias correction with baseline to modern buoy observations. The new version improves the spatial structures and magnitudes of El Nino and La Nina events. The ERSST v5 in netCDF format contains extended reconstructed sea surface temperature, SST anomaly, and associated estimated SST error standard deviation fields, incompliance with CF1.6 standard metadata.
NOAA Smith and Reynolds Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) Level 4 Monthly Version 5 Dataset in netCDF
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) launched by NASA in 2002 on board the Aqua satellite platform (a second series is on the Terra platform) to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km). For the sea surface temperature (SST) products from this radiometer channels in the 4, 11 and 12 um spectrum are used. The Aqua platform is in a sun synchronous, near polar orbit at 705 km altitude and the MODIS instrument images the entire Earth every 1 to 2 days.The production of the MODIS L2P SST data as part of the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) is a joint collaboration between the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG), and the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS). RSMAS is responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging, while the OBPG is NASA ground data system for production of daily MODIS ocean products in HDF file format. JPL acquires MODIS ocean granules from the OBPG in near realtime and reformats them to the GHRSST L2P netCDF specification with complete metadata. Data consists of global coverage at 1 km resolution with approximately 300+ five minute observation granules per day. For nighttime data both SST from the 11-12 um, and 4 um bands are available. Ocean chlorophyll a and K490 diffuse attenuation coefficient data are also available for daytime periods as non standard L2P core fields.
GHRSST Level 2P Global Sea Surface Skin Temperature from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA Aqua
MODIS Aqua L2P swath SST data set
GHRSST Level 2P Global Skin Sea Surface Temperature from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the NASA Aqua satellite
Information on the the MODIS SST algorithm can be found in the following documents: http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/atbd/atbd_mod25.pdf and http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/DOCS/modis_sst/
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the Seasonal, Descending rain-flagged rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution density data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the 7-Day, Descending sea surface density productfor version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Descending 7-Day Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Descending 7-Day Data V5.0
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped mid-Infrared SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 3 and 4 mid-IR bands (MODIS channels 20,21,22 and 23). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, mid-IR SST level 3, 9km, monthly, nighttime product.
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR Monthly 9km Nighttime v2014.0
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODSA-1D4D4
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 4km Daytime
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 4km Daytime V2019.0
JPL GRACE/GRACE-FO Gridded-AOD1B Water-Equivalent-Thickness Surface-Mass Anomaly RL06 dataset for Tellus Level-3 1.0-degree grid
GRC-GFO_GRIDDED_AOD1B_JPL_1-DEG_RL06
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged overdaily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Daily sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Daily Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Daily Data V5.0
The NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) Level 2.5 high-resolution reduced MGDR contains only wind vector data (sigma-0 is excluded) in 25 km wind vector cell (WVC) swaths which contain daily data from ascending and descending passes. Wind vectors are accurate to within 2 m/s (vector speed) and 20 degrees (vector direction). Wind vectors are not considered valid in rain contaminated regions; rain flags and precipitation information are not provided. Data is flagged where measurements are either missing or ambiguous. In the presence of land or sea ice winds values are set to 0. Wind vectors are processed using the NSCAT-2 geophysical model function.
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is theSeasonal, Descending wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Data V5.0
This dataset provides browse images of the NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) Level 3 daily gridded ocean wind vectors, which are provided at 0.5 degree spatial resolution for ascending and descending passes; wind vectors are averaged at points where adjacent passes overlap. This is the most up-to-date version, which designates the final phase of calibration, validation and science data processing, which was completed in November of 1998, on behalf of the JPL NSCAT Project; wind vectors are processed using the NSCAT-2 geophysical model function. Information and access to the Level 3 source data used to generate these browse images may be accessed at: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/NSCAT%20LEVEL%203.
NSCAT Level 3 Daily Gridded Ocean Surface Wind Vector Browse Images (JPL)
Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) are derived from the series of Geostationary Environmental Satellites using GOES Imagers with five-band multispectral capability,10 bit precision and high spatial resolution.The GOES 6km Near Real-Time data set consists of Level 3 SSTs derived from GOES East and GOES West with a spatial resolution of approximately 6km. Data sets are available in one hour, three hour, and 24 hour gridded sea surface temperatures. The grid covers much of the Western Hemisphere bounded by 180W, 30W, 60N and 45S.
Dataset Policy created for GOES_L3_SST_6km_NRT_SST_1HOUR
GOES Level 3 6km Near Real Time SST 1 Hour
GOES L3 6km Near Real-Time SST (NOAA/NESDIS)
Eastern Pacific Ocean
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite I-M Imager
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite N-P Imager
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 12
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites
GOES-12
GOES
GOES I-M IMAGER
GOES N-P IMAGER
FOR EXPERT USE ONLY. The GRACE-FO Level-1B data provide all necessary inputs to derive monthly time variations in the Earth gravity field. Level-1B data are also used for GRACE orbit and mean gravity field determination. For a detailed description, please see the GRACE-FO Level-1 documentation.
GRACE-FO Level 1B ASCII Format Data
GRACEFO_L1B_ASCII_GRAV_JPL_RL04
GRACE-FO Level-1B Release version 4.0 from JPL in ASCII
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is an oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-1 campaign involved a series of 5 cruises during 2012 - 2013 seeking to characterize the salinity structure and balance in a high salinity, high evaporation, and low rainfall region of the subtropical North Atlantic. It aims to resolve processes responsible for maintaining the subtropical surface salinity maximum in this region and within a 900 x 800-mile square study area centered at 25N, 38W. The Tenuse (Slocum) glider is an autonomous undulating profiler measuring salinity and temperature. It was deployed from the Thalassa on 21-August and recovered by the Knorr on 4-October-2012. It made a total of about 1400 profiles during that period (1-2 profiles/hour), going from the surface to 200 m. Resulting trajectory profile data from the Tenuse glider include georeferenced CTD observations on salinity, temperature, pressure, and depth.
Tenuse Glider CTD data for the SPURS-1 N. Atlantic field campaign
SPURS Field Campaign Tenuse Glider Products
SPURS-I L'Ocean Tenuse Glider
TenuseGlider
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, thermal-IR SST level 3, 9km, monthly, nighttime product.
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 9km Nighttime v2014.0
This dataset is derived under the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) project and contains a value-added 6-hourly gridded analysis of ocean surface winds. The CCMP datasets combine cross-calibrated satellite winds obtained from Remote Sensing Systems (REMSS) using a Variational Analysis Method (VAM) to produce a high-resolution (0.25 degree) gridded analysis. The CCMP data set includes cross-calibrated satellite winds derived from SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR-E, TRMM TMI, QuikSCAT, SeaWinds, WindSat and other satellite instruments as they become available from REMSS. REMSS uses a cross-calibrated sea-surface emissivity model function which improves the consistency between wind speed retrievals from microwave radiometers (i.e., SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR, TMI, and WindSat) and those from scatterometers (i.e., QuikSCAT and SeaWinds). The VAM combines these data with in situ measurements and a starting estimate (first guess) of the wind field. The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-40 Reanalysis is used as the first-guess from 1987 to 1998. The ECMWF Operational analysis is used from January 1999 onward. All wind observations and analysis fields are referenced to a height of 10 meters. The ERA-40 can be obtained from the Computation and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR): http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds117.0/. The ECMWF Operational analysis can also be obtained from CISL at NCAR: http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds111.1/. Three products are distributed to complete the CCMP dataset series. L3.0 product contains high-resolution analyses every 6-hours. These data are then time averaged over monthly and 5-day periods to derive the L3.5 product. Directions from the L3.0 product are then assigned to the time and location of the passive microwave satellite wind speed observations to derive the L2.5 product. All datasets are distributed on a 0.25 degree cylindrical coordinate grid. This dataset is one in a series of First-Look (FLK) CCMP datasets and is a continuation and expansion of the SSM/I surface wind velocity project that began under the NASA Pathfinder Program. Refinements and upgrades to the FLK version will be incorporated under a new release (date to be determined) known as Late-look (LLK) and may include additional satellite datasets. All satellite surface wind data are obtained from REMSS under the DISCOVER project: Distributed Information Services: Climate/Ocean Products and Visualizations for Earth Research (http://www.discover-earth.org/index.html). The CCMP project is the result of an investigation funded by the NASA Making Earth Science data records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program (http://community.eosdis.nasa.gov/measures/). In accordance with the MEaSUREs program, the CCMP datasets are also known as Earth System Data Records (ESDRs). In collaboration with private and government institutions, a team led by Dr. Robert Atlas (PI; proposal originally solicited by REASoN, and currently funded by MEaSURES) has created the CCMP project to provide multi-instrument ocean surface wind velocity ESDRs, with wide ranging research applications in meteorology and oceanography.
Dataset Policy created for CCMP_MEASURES_ATLAS_L4_OW_L3_0_WIND_VECTORS_FLK
CCMP L3.0
Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform Ocean Surface Wind Vector L3.0 First-Look Analyses
6 Hour
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) global Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on a 0.25 degree grid at the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. This product uses optimal interpolation (OI) by interpolating and extrapolating SST observations from different sources, resulting in a smoothed complete field. The sources of data are satellite (AVHRR) and in situ platforms (i.e., ships and buoys), and the specific datasets employed may change over. At the marginal ice zone, sea ice concentrations are used to generate proxy SSTs. A preliminary version of this file is produced in near-real time (1-day latency), and then replaced with a final version after 2 weeks. Note that this is the AVHRR-ONLY (AVHRR-OI), available from September 1, 1981, but there is a companion SST product that includes microwave satellite data, available from June 2002.
GHRSST Level 4 AVHRR_OI Global Blended Sea Surface Temperature Analysis (GDS version 2) from NCEI
This dataset contains operational near-real-time Level 2 coastal ocean surface wind vector retrievals from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) on MetOp-A at 12.5 km sampling resolution (note: the effective resolution is 25 km). It is a product of the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) provided through the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). This coastal dataset differs from the standard 25 km datasets in that it utilizes a spatial box filter (rather than the Hamming filter) to generate a spatial average of the Sigma-0 retrievals from the Level 1B dataset; all full resolution Sigma-0 retrievals within a 15 km radius of the wind vector cell centroid are used in the averaging. Since the full resolution L1B Sigma-0 retrievals are used, all non-sea retrievals are discarded prior to the Sigma-0 averaging. Each box average Sigma-0 is then used to compute the wind vector cell using the same CMOD7.n geophysical model function as in the standard OSI SAF ASCAT wind vector datasets. With this enhanced coastal retrieval, winds can be computed as close to ~15 km from the coast, as compared to the static ~35 km land mask in the standard 12.5 km dataset. Each file is provided in netCDF version 3 format, and contains one full orbit derived from 3-minute orbit granules. Latency is approximately 2 hours from the latest measurement. The beginning of the orbit is defined by the first wind vector cell measurement within the first 3-minute orbit granule that starts north of the Equator in the ascending node. ASCAT is a C-band dual fan beam radar scatterometer providing two independent swaths of backscatter retrievals in sun-synchronous polar orbit aboard the MetOp-A platform. For more information on the MetOp mission, please visit: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/OceanWind/MetOp . For more timely announcements, users are encouraged to register with the KNMI scatterometer email list: scat@knmi.nl. Users are also highly advised to check the dataset user guide periodically for updates and new information on known problems and issues. All intellectual property rights of the OSI SAF products belong to EUMETSAT. The use of these products is granted to every interested user, free of charge. If you wish to use these products, EUMETSAT's copyright credit must be shown by displaying the words "copyright (year) EUMETSAT" on each of the products used.
MetOp-A ASCAT Level 2 Ocean Surface Wind Vectors Optimized for Coastal Ocean
These Sea Surface Height Anomalies (SSHA) are derived from the Jason-1 Geophysical Data Record (GDR). Jason-1 is an altimetric mission whose instruments make direct observations of the following quantities: altimeter range, significant wave height, ocean radar backscatter cross-section (a measure of wind speed), ionospheric electron content (derived by a simple formula), tropospheric water content, and position relative to the GPS satellite constellation. Using the various parameter the SSHA can be calculated and are provided in this dataset. The data are in NetCDF format. This dataset only contains the parameters that are directly related to SSHA.
TBD
Jason-1 SSHA netCDF
Jason-1 Geophysical Data Record (GDR) Sea Surface Height Anomaly (SSHA) NetCDF
Jason-1 GDR SSHA version E NetCDF
The Global Lake/Reservoir Storage Time Series is derived from the Surface Water Height Time Series and Surface Water Extent Mask Time Series products. The purpose of this dataset is to provide surface water storage estimates for several hundred lakes and reservoirs across the globe. These time series potentially span a 25 year time period, from late 1992 to 2017, satisfying the project goal of ESDR creation with a suitable level of quality that supports long-term trend analysis and global water dynamics models. This product is readily accessible and is of direct use to both water managers and the scientific community worldwide, and allows for improved assessment and modeling of the human impact on the global water cycle. These pre SWOT data are derived from satellites to provide hydrological measurements. The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will have hydrology as one of its objectives. This dataset does not have the same variables as SWOT, but does provide hydrological measurements with typical quality flagging typical of satellite data. Not only does it provide science information, it can also assist hydrological users new to satellite data with the satellite data formats and variables before SWOT launches.
Tortini, Riccardo; Noujdina, Nina; Yeo, Samantha; Khandelwal, Ankush; Kumar, Vipin; Birkett, Charon; Ricko, Martina; Yang, Xu; Lettenmaier, Dennis
Pre SWOT Hydrology Global Lake/Reservoir Storage
PRESWOT_HYDRO_L4_LAKE_STORAGE_TIME_SERIES_V2
Pre SWOT Hydrology Global Lake/Reservoir Storage Time Series V2
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is a NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project is comprised of two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. Two saildrones were deployed over a month period during the second SPURS-2 R/V Revelle cruise in 2017. Saildrone is a state-of-the-art, remotely guided, wind and solar powered unmanned surface vehicle (USV) capable of long distance deployments lasting up to 12 months. It is equipped with a suite of instruments and sensors providing high quality, georeferenced, near real-time, multi-parameter surface ocean and atmospheric observations while transiting at typical speeds of 3-5 knots. Saildrone data files are in netCDF format and CF/ACDD/NCEI compliant. They contain the saildrone platform telemetry and near-surface observational data (air temperature, sea surface skin and bulk temperatures, salinity, oxygen and chlorophyll-a concentrations, barometric pressure, wind speed and direction) for the entire cruise at 1 minute temporal resolution.
D. Zhang, and M.F. Cronin
NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, USA
SPURS-2 Saildrone data for the E. Tropical Pacific field campaign
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODST-8D9N4
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 9km Nighttime
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 9km Nighttime V2019.0
The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) operated by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) support weather forecasting, severe storm tracking, meteorology and oceanography research. Generally there are several GOES satellites in geosynchronous orbit at any one time viewing different earth locations including the GOES-13 launched 24 May 2006. The radiometer aboard the satellite, The GOES N-P Imager, is a five channel (one visible, four infrared) imaging radiometer designed to sense radiant and solar reflected energy from sampled areas of the earth. The multi-element spectral channels simultaneously sweep east-west and west-east along a north-to-south path by means of a two-axis mirror scan system retuning telemetry in 10-bit precision. For this Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset, skin sea surface temperature (SST) measurements are calculated from the far IR channels of GOES-13 at full resolution on a half hourly basis. In native satellite projection, vertically adjacent pixels are averaged and read out at every pixel. L2P datasets including Single Sensor Error Statistics (SSES) are then derived following the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2.0. The full disk image is subsetted into granules representing distinct northern and southern regions.
GHRSST Sea Surface Temperature 30W-135W and 65N-50S, at 0.036 degree resolution from GOES-13 Imager
GHRSST Level 2P Western Atlantic Regional Skin Sea Surface Temperature from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) Imager on the GOES-13 satellite (GDS version 2)
30 min
This dataset is derived under the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) project and contains value-added Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) ocean surface winds from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F15 platform. The CCMP datasets combine cross-calibrated satellite winds obtained from Remote Sensing Systems (REMSS) using a Variational Analysis Method (VAM) to produce a high-resolution (0.25 degree) gridded analysis. Wind directions from the resulting analysis are assigned to the location and time of the satellite-derived wind speed observations to create this value added dataset. The CCMP data set includes cross-calibrated satellite winds derived from SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR-E, TRMM TMI, QuikSCAT, SeaWinds, WindSat and other satellites as they become available from REMSS. REMSS uses a cross-calibrated sea-surface emissivity model function which improves the consistency between wind speed retrievals from microwave radiometers (i.e., SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR, TMI, WindSat) and those from scatterometers (i.e., QuikSCAT and SeaWinds). The VAM combines these data with in situ measurements and a starting estimate (first guess) of the wind field. The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-40 Reanalysis is used as the first-guess from 1987 to 1998. The ECMWF Operational analysis is used from January 1999 onward. All wind observations and analysis fields are referenced to a height of 10 meters. The ERA-40 can be obtained from the Computation and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR): http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds117.0/. The ECMWF Operational analysis can also be obtained from CISL at NCAR: http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds111.1/. Three products are distributed to complete the CCMP dataset series. L3.0 product contains high-resolution analyses every 6-hours. These data are then time averaged over monthly and 5-day periods to derive the L3.5 product. Directions from the L3.0 product are then assigned to the time and location of the passive microwave satellite wind speed observations to derive the L2.5 product. All datasets are distributed on a 0.25 degree cylindrical coordinate grid. This dataset is one in a series of First-Look (FLK) CCMP datasets and is a continuation and expansion of the SSM/I surface wind velocity project that began under the NASA Pathfinder Program. Refinements and upgrades to the FLK version will be incorporated under a new release (date to be determined) known as Late-look (LLK) and may include additional satellite datasets. All satellite surface wind data are obtained from REMSS under the DISCOVER project: Distributed Information Services: Climate/Ocean Products and Visualizations for Earth Research (http://www.discover-earth.org/index.html). The CCMP project is the result of an investigation funded by the NASA Making Earth Science data records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program (http://community.eosdis.nasa.gov/measures/). In accordance with the MEaSUREs program, the CCMP datasets are also known as Earth System Data Records (ESDRs). In collaboration with private and government institutions, a team led by Dr. Robert Atlas (PI; proposal originally solicited by REASoN, and currently funded by MEaSURES) has created the CCMP project to provide multi-instrument ocean surface wind velocity ESDRs, with wide ranging research applications in meteorology and oceanography.
Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform Ocean Surface Wind Vector L2.5 First-Look SSM/I-F15 Microwave Analyses
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averagedover daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Monthly rain-flagged rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius dataset. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Monthly Data V5.0
These Sea Surface Height Anomalies (SSHA) are derived from the Jason-1 Geophysical Data Record (GDR) Geodetic Mission. Jason-1 is an altimetric mission whose instruments make direct observations of the following quantities: altimeter range, significant wave height, ocean radar backscatter cross-section (a measure of wind speed), ionospheric electron content (derived by a simple formula), tropospheric water content, and position relative to the GPS satellite constellation. Using the various parameter the SSHA can be calculated and are provided in this dataset. The data are in NetCDF format.
Jason-1 SSHA netCDF Geodetic
JASON-1_L2_OST_GPR_E_GEODETIC
Jason-1 GDR SSHA version E NetCDF Geodetic
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped mid-Infrared SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 3 and 4 mid-IR bands (MODIS channels 20,21,22 and 23). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, mid-IR SST level 3, 4km, daily, nighttime product
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Mid-IR Daily 4km Nighttime v2014.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution derived density averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the 7-Day running mean, sea surface densityproduct for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is theseasonal climatology, Ascending sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Climatology Data V5.0
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) launched by NASA in 1999 on board the Terra satellite platform (a second series is on the Aqua platform) to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km). For the sea surface temperature (SST) products from this radiometer channels in the 4, 11 and 12 um spectrum are used. The Terra platform is in a sun synchronous, near polar orbit at 705 km altitude and the MODIS instrument images the entire Earth every 1 to 2 days.The production of the MODIS L2P SST data as part of the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) is a joint collaboration between the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG), and the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS). RSMAS is responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging, while the OBPG is NASA ground data system for production of daily MODIS ocean products in HDF file format. JPL acquires MODIS ocean granules from the OBPG in near realtime and reformats them to the GHRSST L2P netCDF specification with complete metadata. Data consists of global coverage at 1 km resolution with approximately 300+ five minute observation granules per day. For nighttime data both SST from the 11-12 um, and 4 um bands are available. Ocean chlorophyll a and K490 diffuse attenuation coefficient data are also available for daytime periods as non standard L2P core fields.
GHRSST Level 2P Global Sea Surface Skin Temperature from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA Terra
MODIS Terra L2P swath SST data set
GHRSST Level 2P Global Skin Sea Surface Temperature from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the NASA Terra satellite
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on an operational basis at the UK Met Office using optimal interpolation (OI) on a global 0.054 degree grid. The Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA) analysis uses satellite data from sensors that include the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI), the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imager, the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager (TMI) and in situ data from ships, drifting and moored buoys. This analysis was specifically produced to be used as a lower boundary condition in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. This dataset adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.
UK Met Office
Met Office, Exeter, UK
GHRSST Level 4 OSTIA Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis
OSTIA L4 SST Analysis (GDS2)
GHRSST Level 4 OSTIA Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis (GDS version 2)
SEA ICE CONCENTRATION
The version 5.0 Aquarius Level 2 quicklook product includes the instrumental wiggle correction and exponential drift correction and is part of the official end of mission release of the orbital/swath data from AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The Aquarius Level 2 data set contains sea surface salinity (SSS) and wind speed data derived from 3 different radiometers and the onboard scatterometer. Included also in the Level 2 data are the horizontal and vertical brightness temperatures (TH and TV) for each radiometer,ancillary data, flags, converted telemetry and navigation data. Each data file covers one 98 minute orbit. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath. Enhancements to the version 5.0 Level 2 data relative to v4.0 include: improvement of the salinity retrieval geophysical model for SST bias, estimates of SSS uncertainties (systematic and random components), and inclusion of a new spiciness variable.
Aquarius Official Release Level 2 Sea Surface Salinity & Wind Speed Quicklook Data V5.0
Contains dealiased ocean wind vector components (zonal and meridional) derived from the Seasat-A Scatterometer (SASS) provided on a global 1x1 degree grid. Dealiasing of the SASS data was achieved manually using ship observations in a joint effort between JPL, UCLA and AES. This data set underwent restoration in 1997. Data are provided in ASCII text files at six hour intervals.
JPL/UCLA/AES
SEASAT SCATTEROMETER DEALIASED OCEAN WIND VECTORS (JPL-UCLA-AES)
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODTM-MO4N4
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST MID-IR Monthly 4km Nighttime
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST MID-IR Monthly 4km Nighttime V2019.0
This dataset contains the crossover points from TOPEX(ocean TOPography EXperiment)/Poseidon Merged Geophysical Data Record version B (MGDR-B). The MGDR-B combines measurements from two altimeters, TOPEX, a NASA dual frequency (Ku and C band) instrument, and a French (CNES) instrument which is a proof-of-concept solid-state altimeter, Poseidon (Ku band). The parameters are slightly different than the regular pass data in the MGDR-B, but does contain significant wave height, sigma-0, wet troposphere, ionospheric correction, tides and the parameters required to calculate Sea Surface Height Anomaly (SSHA). For more information on the parameters please visit PO.DAAC Drive at https://podaac-tools.jpl.nasa.gov/drive/files/allData/topex/L2/mgdrb/docs/uhmgdrb/html/uhsec08.htm.
Dataset Policy created for TOPEX_L2_OST_MGDR_CROSSOVER
TOPEX/Poseidon L2 Ocean Surface Topography Merged Geophysical Data Record Crossover
TOPEX_L2_OST_MGDR_CROSSOVER
TOPEX/Poseidon L2 Ocean Surface Topography Merged Geophysical Data Record Crossover ver B
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is a NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project is comprised of two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth) casts were undertaken at stations on each of the two R/V Revelle cruises during SPURS-2. These shipboard lowered CTD probes provide continuous conductivity, salinity, and temperature vertical profile observations at fixed sampling locations. There were a total of 50 and 14 CTD casts made during the first and second R/V Revelle cruises respectively, and the data files available here are for continuous CTD profile data for each of the individual casts deployed. All CTD data were calibrated using shipboard salinometers using IAPSO standard seawater.
SPURS-2 research vessel CTD profile data for E. Tropical Pacific R/V Revelle cruises
This dataset contains 0.25 degree gridded ocean surface wind vector fields from the NASA SeaWinds scatterometer aboard the QuikSCAT satellite platform. Gridded wind vector fields are provided twice daily daily according to the timing of the ascending and descending satellite swath coverage; where multiple swaths from a particular ascending or descending sample period intersect a given point, the the data from the most recent swath coverage over-writes the data from the earlier (adjacent) swath. Quality flags are provided for each wind vector cell to assist in identifying potential rain contamination and whether data from both inner and outer beams are available. Wind vectors are null when within 30 km of land/ice boundaries or where there are no wind vector retrievals available. Gridded wind vector fields are processed directly from the QuikSCAT Level 2B swath data which uses the QSCAT-1 geophysical model function. No additional processing to the wind vector data is applied. The SeaWinds instrument is a conical scanning pencil-beam radar, with dual-beam and dual-polarization capability, operating at Ku-band to provide all-weather ocean surface wind vector retrievals. This represents the 2nd version of the Level 3 processing. For more information on the QuikSCAT platform and mission, please visit http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/OceanWind/QuikSCAT . Disclaimer: this dataset is meant for quick-look purposes only and is not intended for science-quality research applications.
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 1B Time-Ordered Earth-Located Sigma0
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 3 Daily Gridded Ocean Wind Vectors (JPL Version 2)
GHRSST Level 2P 1 m Depth Global Sea Surface Temperature from VIIRS on Suomi NPP (GDS2) V2
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution density data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the monthly climatology, Descending seasurface density product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onbard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Climatology Data V5.0
A regional Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-17 platform (launched 24 June 2002) produced and used operationally in oceanographic analyses and forecasts by the US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO). The AVHRR is a space-borne scanning sensor on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) family of Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) having a operational legacy that traces back to the Television Infrared Observation Satellite-N (TIROS-N) launched in 1978. AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micrometer) and near-infrared (0.9 micrometer) regions, the third one is located around 3.5 micrometer, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micrometers, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micrometer. Typically the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive SST sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The NOAA platforms are sun synchronous generally viewing the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent) due to the relatively large AVHRR swath of approximately 2400 km. The highest ground resolution that can be obtained from the current AVHRR instruments is 1.1 km at nadir. AVHRR data are acquired in three formats: High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT), Local Area Coverage (LAC), and Global Area Coverage (GAC). HRPT data are full resolution image data transmitted to a ground stations as they are collected. LAC are also full resolution data, but the acquisition is prescheduled and recorded with an on-board tape recorder for subsequent transmission during a station overpass. GAC data provide daily subsampled global coverage recorded on tape recorders and then transmitted to a ground station. This particular dataset is derived from LAC data. Further binning and averaging of the 1.1 km LAC pixels results in a final dataset resolution of 2.2 km. The coverage of the LAC data can vary but generally contains scenes over the oceans adjacent to Australia and the North Indian Ocean.
2006-06-29 E. Armstrong: Original
GHRSST Regional Bulk Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-17 satellite produced by NAVO
N-17 AVHRR LAC L2P swath SST data set
This dataset is similar to the OSTM/Jason-2 Operation Geophysical Data Record (OGDR) that is distributed at NOAA (ftp://data.nodc.noaa.gov/pub/data.nodc/jason2/ogdr/), but also includes a GPS based orbit and Sea Surface Height Anomalies (SSHA) calculated from that orbit, as supposed to the DORIS based orbit that is already available in the OGDR. It has a 5 hour time lag due to the time needed to recalculate the orbit and SSHA. The GPS orbits have been shown to be more accurate than the DORIS orbits on a near real time scale and therefore produces a more accurate SSHA.
Dataset Policy created for OSTM_L2_OST_OGDR_GPS
OSTM GPS based orbit and SSHA OGDR
OSTM_L2_OST_OGDR_GPS
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the Monthly wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Monthly Data V5.0
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, thermal-IR SST level 3, 4km, daily, daytime product.
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 4km Daytime v2014.0
The SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 2A Surface-flagged Sigma-0 in 12.5km Wind Vector Cell Slice Composites are processed using the pulse Sigma-0 data provided by the Level 1B product. Unlike NSCAT, the expected number of Sigma-0 cells per WVC is not constant, due to the circular scan of the SeaWinds instrument. To minimize the L2A data volume, the Sigma-0 cell data are stored as "lists" for each WVC row, with each list indexed by a "cell_index" array to indicate the cross-track WVC membership of the data. Each cell is then checked for land or ice and flagged accordingly. Attenuation corrections for each Sigma-0 measurement are also provided. Quality Assurance files are also included to verify the quality of the L2A processing. Data are provided in single-orbit files. Special note: QuikSCAT went into a "non-spinning" mode on 22 November 2009. The final rev number in the nominal Operational "spinning" mode is 54296; the "non-spinning" mode of the instrument continued predominantly for the remainder of QuikSCAT operations. There were some brief periods of "spinning" in year 2013, which include the following days and rev numbers (identified in parenthesis): 1) 29 January to 5 February (7909-71011), 2) 14 March (71536-71549), 3) 18 March to 21 March (71590-71634), and 4) 28 March to 31 March (71735-71769).
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 2A Surface-flagged Sigma-0 in 12.5km Wind Vector Cell Slice Composites
CNR MED Sea Surface Temperature provides daily gap-free maps (L4) at 0.0625deg. x 0.0625deg. horizontal resolution over the Mediterranean Sea. The data are obtained from infra-red measurements collected by satellite radiometers and statistical interpolation. It is the CMEMS sea surface temperature nominal operational product for the Mediterranean sea.
Mediterranean Sea High Resolution SST L4 Analysis 1/16deg Resolution
Mediterranean Sea High Resolution SST L4 Analysis 1/16 deg daily
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, 7-Day, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the 7-Day, ascending ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Ascending 7-Day Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Ascending 7-Day Data V5.0
Contains Seasat-A Scatterometer (SASS) wind vector measurements for the entire Seasat mission, from July 1978 until October 1978. The data are global and presented chronologically in by swath. Each record contains data binned in 100 km cells. No wind vectors are computed for the cells along the left and right edges of the swath. Wind direction ambiguities are resolved using a global weather prediction model. This complete dataset is the result of the reprocessing efforts on behalf of Frank Wentz, Robert Atlas, and Michael Freilich.
SEASAT SCATTEROMETER DEALIASED OCEAN WIND VECTORS (Wentz et al.)
This dataset represents the first historically reprocessed Level 2 coastal ocean surface wind vector climate data record from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) on MetOp-A sampled on a 12.5 km grid. This coastal dataset utilizes a spatial box filter to generate a spatial average of the Sigma-0 retrievals from the Level 1B dataset and obtains additional winds near the coast. Since the full resolution L1B Sigma-0 retrievals are used, all non-sea retrievals are discarded prior to the Sigma-0 averaging. Each box average Sigma-0 is then used to compute the vector cell wind using the same CMOD7 geophysical model function as in the operational OSI SAF ASCAT wind vector datasets. With this enhanced coastal retrieval, winds are computed as close to ~15 km from the coast. Each file corresponds to one complete orbit and is provided in netCDF version 3 format. The beginning of the orbit files is defined near the South Pole. ASCAT is a C-band fan beam radar scatterometer, providing two independent swaths of backscatter retrievals, aboard the MetOp-A platform in sun-synchronous polar orbit. It is a product of the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) provided through the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). For more information on the MetOp mission, please visit: https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/OceanWind/MetOp. For access to more contemporaneous and near-real-time MetOp-A ASCAT 12.5km data, please visit: https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/ASCATA-L2-Coastal. For more timely announcements, users are encouraged to register with the KNMI scatterometer email list: scat@knmi.nl. All intellectual property rights of the OSI SAF products belong to EUMETSAT. The use of these products is granted to every interested user, free of charge. If you wish to use these products, EUMETSAT's copyright credit must be shown by displaying the words "copyright (year) EUMETSAT" on each of the products used. Use cases and feedback on the products will be much appreciated and in fact helps to sustain the reprocessing capability.
MetOp-A ASCAT Level 2 12.5-km Ocean Surface Wind Vector Climate Data Record Optimized for Coastal Ocean
This dataset contains ocean surface Eastward wind from SeaWinds on QuikSCAT binned and averaged monthly on 1 degree grids. The coverage is from August 1999 through October 2009. The QuikSCAT Project produced this dataset in support of the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) under the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) and was first made available via the Earth System Grid. This dataset was derived directly from the Version 2 QuikSCAT Level 2B 25-km dataset, which can be accessed here: https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_LEVEL_2B_V2. The SeaWinds instrument is a conical scanning pencil-beam radar, with dual-beam and dual-polarization capability, operating at Ku-band to provide all-weather ocean surface wind vector retrievals. Along with this dataset, two additional ancillary data files are included in the same directory which contain the number of observations and standard error co-located on the same 1 degree grids. This wind vector dataset is designed to be used in conjunction with the complete wind vector dataset, which include separate dataset files for both the Northward component and total wind speed of the wind vector. All corresponding dataset and ancillary data files are included in a common directory. For more information on the QuikSCAT platform and mission, please visit https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/OceanWind/QuikSCAT.
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 3 Surface Eastward Wind for Climate Model Comparison
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODSA-MO4D4
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 4km Daytime
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 4km Daytime V2019.0
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on an operational basis by the Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI) using an optimal interpolation (OI) approach on a regional 0.03 degree grid. The analysis is based upon nighttime GHRSST L2P skin and subskin SST observations from several satellites over the North and Baltic Seas. The sensors include the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR), the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSRE) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Aqua. An ice field from the Swedish and Finnish ice services is used to mask out areas with ice.
In no event shall DMI or its representatives be liable for any damages whatsoever including, without limitation, special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages or damages for loss of business
2007-09-05 J. Hoeyer: Original; 2007-12-07 E. Armstrong: Modified
DMI
Center for Ocean and Ice
Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
GHRSST Level 4 DMI_OI North Sea and Baltic Sea Regional Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis
North Sea and Baltic Sea L4 SST data set
Baltic Sea
Danish Meteorological Institute
This high-resolution, gridded QuikSCAT scatterometer dataset with enhanced coastal coverage of the United States West Coast contains ocean surface wind and stress vector retrievals (magnitude and direction and zonal/meridional components) and derived quantities (wind speed squared, wind speed cubed, surface relative vorticity, vector wind divergence, wind stress curl, and wind stress divergence). The spatial coverage domain extends from latitude 30 degrees North to 50 degrees North and longitude 135 degrees West to 115 degrees West. The coastal wind vector retrieval algorithm developed by Barry Vanhoff and Michael Freilich has been utilized to provide improved coastal wind vector retrievals from QuikSCAT, resulting in retrievals as close as 5 km from coastlines. This dataset was developed by Barry Vanhoff, Craig Risien and Ted Strub and is made possible by funding provided by the NASA Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science (ROSES) program and NOAA funded, Cooperative Institute for Oceanographic Satellite Studies (CIOSS) at the Oregon State University (OSU) College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences (CEOAS). PO.DAAC has agreed to provide this dataset as a special service to its users with the mutual understanding that issues or problems may remain in the data set, as noted below. All new users considering this dataset are strongly encouraged to first read the user guide and then to take full advantage of all potential dataset announcements through registration with PO.DAAC by emailing podaac@podaac.jpl.nasa.gov. It is further suggested that users examine a sequence of multiple parameter fields for the region and period of interest to ensure sufficient data quality and continuity. At present, it is worth noting the following known issues with regard to this dataset: a) data fields were produced using a modification of QuikSCAT Version 2 (i.e., previous version) winds, b) median-pass filter ambiguity removal is employed, hence not achieving the potential improvements from DIRTH, which affect the directional quality of the wind vector and stress data, c) does not incorporate the latest QuikSCAT re-processing improvements (i.e., Version 3 is most recent), d) different model winds (improved compared to Version 2 QuikSCAT L2B) are used in the ambiguity removal process for the entire dataset, and e) because of the lack of usable rain flags within 30 km of the coast, the rain flag value closest to the coast from the standard processing is applied between that rain flag location and the coast. There are some consequences in light of the above issues, notably: a) the wind vector fields should not be merged with any other existing QuikSCAT dataset, b) there is more inherent structure to the data (in both signal and noise) compared to Version 3 data, c) data fields are smoother in comparison to the Version 2 data, and d) potentially spurious wind vectors may arise within ~30 km of the coast due to unflagged rain contaminated data and/or residual land reflections. More information including known problems/issues and important dataset updates can be found in the dataset user guide in PO.DAAC Drive at https://podaac-tools.jpl.nasa.gov/drive/files/allData/quikscat/preview/L3/osu_coas/docs/qscat_vanhoff_uswc_userguide.pdf .
Barry Vanhoff, Craig Risien, and Ted Strub
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 3 Near-Coast Wind and Stress Fields with Enhanced Coverage for the US West Coast (OSU/COAS)
SeaWinds QuikSCAT Level 3 Near-Coast Wind and Stress Fields with Enhanced Coverage for the US West Coast (OSU/COAS)
Cooperative Institute for Oceanographic Satellite Studies
OSU/COAS
CIOSS
CONVERGENCE/DIVERGENCE
VORTICITY
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the 7-Day, Ascending sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Ascending 7-Day Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Ascending 7-Day Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Annual, sea surface density product for version 5.0of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Annual Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Annual Data V5.0
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is a NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project is comprised of two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. Underway surface profiling systems (USPS) are automated measurement systems coupled to a research vessels water intake and GPS systems. They provide continuous, along-track surface temperature and salinity measurements at depths of 2, 3 and 5 m using through-hull ports in the bow of the ship. Both SPURS-2 cruises had USPS and associated thermosalinograph (TSG) instrumentation, with measurements calibrated against onboard salinometers. There is one USPS netCDF containing the complete series for each of the 2 cruises.
Asher, W., E. Thompson and K. Drushka
SPURS-2 research vessel Underway Salinity Profiling System (USPS) data for the E. Tropical Pacific R/V Revelle cruises
SPURS Field Campaign USPS Products
Underway Surface Profiling System
USPS
This dataset contains the latest reprocessed version 3 of the Level 2B science-quality ocean surface wind vector retrievals from the QuikSCAT scatterometer. The retrievals are provided on a non-uniform grid within the swath at 12.5 km pixel resolution. Higher resolution is achieved through a slice composite technique in which high resolution slice measurements from L1B data are composited into a 12.5 km wind vector cell. Version 3 processing begins with the same L1B (time-ordered backscatter) data as used in the previous processing. Version 3 has several improvements over the previous JPL processing of the QuikSCAT L2B winds: 1) changes to measurement binning, which was done in order to decrease noise and reduce gaps in the 12.5 km L2B wind retrievals, 2) an improved geophysical model function (GMF) to model the effect of wind on backscatter, 3) a neural network approach to correct rain contaminated winds speeds, 4) cross-track dependent wind speed biases were estimated and removed from the wind retrievals. The 12.5 km binning resolution enables users to obtain wind vector retrievals 10 km closer to shore when compared to the 25 km L2B dataset (only available in versions 1 and 2). More details to the processing changes and improvements are noted by Fore et al. (2014): PO.DAAC Drive at https://podaac-tools.jpl.nasa.gov/drive/files/allData/quikscat/L2B12/docs/fore_et_al_ieee_2014.pdf . Each L2B file corresponds to a specific orbital revolution (rev) number, which begins at the southernmost point of the ascending orbit. This is the official dataset produced by the QuikSCAT Project through the SeaWinds Processing and Analysis Center (SeaPAC). The Version 3 User Guide document is accessible in PO.DAAC Drive at https://podaac-tools.jpl.nasa.gov/drive/files/allData/quikscat/L2B12/docs/qscat_l2b_v3_ug_v1_0.pdf . Read software is made available in MATLAB, Python, R, and IDL and is accessible in PO.DAAC Drive at https://podaac-tools.jpl.nasa.gov/drive/files/allData/quikscat/L2B12/sw/ .
QuikSCAT Level 2B Ocean Wind Vectors in 12.5km Slice Composites Version 3
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis, produced daily on an operational basis at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) using optimal interpolation (OI) on a global 0.25 degree grid. This Global Australian Multi-Sensor SST Analysis (GAMSSA) v1.0 system blends satellite SST observations from passive infrared and passive microwave radiometers with in situ data from ships, drifting buoys and moorings from the Global Telecommunications System (GTS). SST observations that have experienced recent surface wind speeds less than 6 m/s during the day or less than 2 m/s during night are rejected from the analysis. The processing results in daily foundation SST estimates that are largely free of nocturnal cooling and diurnal warming effects. Sea ice concentrations are supplied by the NOAA/NCEP 12.7 km sea ice analysis. In the absence of observations, the analysis relaxes to the Reynolds and Smith (1994) Monthly 1 degree SST climatology for 1961 - 1990.
GHRSST Level 4 GAMSSA Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis
BLUElink Global Australian Multi-Sensor SST Analysis (GAMSSA), daily, 1/4 degree resolution
GHRSST Level 4 GAMSSA_28km Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis v1.0 dataset (GDS2)
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, thermal-IR SST level 3, 9km, 8-day, nighttime product.
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 9km Nighttime v2014.0
This dataset is derived under the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) project and contains value-added Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) ocean surface winds from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F10 platform. The CCMP datasets combine cross-calibrated satellite winds obtained from Remote Sensing Systems (REMSS) using a Variational Analysis Method (VAM) to produce a high-resolution (0.25 degree) gridded analysis. Wind directions from the resulting analysis are assigned to the location and time of the satellite-derived wind speed observations to create this value added dataset. The CCMP data set includes cross-calibrated satellite winds derived from SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR-E, TRMM TMI, QuikSCAT, SeaWinds, WindSat and other satellite instruments as they become available from REMSS. REMSS uses a cross-calibrated sea-surface emissivity model function which improves the consistency between wind speed retrievals from microwave radiometers (i.e., SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR, TMI, WindSat) and those from scatterometers (i.e., QuikSCAT and SeaWinds). The VAM combines these data with in situ measurements and a starting estimate (first guess) of the wind field. The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-40 Reanalysis is used as the first-guess from 1987 to 1998. The ECMWF Operational analysis is used from January 1999 onward. All wind observations and analysis fields are referenced to a height of 10 meters. The ERA-40 can be obtained from the Computation and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR): http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds117.0/. The ECMWF Operational analysis can also be obtained from CISL at NCAR: http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds111.1/. Three products are distributed to complete the CCMP dataset series. L3.0 product contains high-resolution analyses every 6-hours. These data are then time averaged over monthly and 5-day periods to derive the L3.5 product. Directions from the L3.0 product are then assigned to the time and location of the passive microwave satellite wind speed observations to derive the L2.5 product. All datasets are distributed on a 0.25 degree cylindrical coordinate grid. This dataset is one in a series of First-Look (FLK) CCMP datasets and is a continuation and expansion of the SSM/I surface wind velocity project that began under the NASA Pathfinder Program. Refinements and upgrades to the FLK version will be incorporated under a new release (date to be determined) known as Late-look (LLK) and may include additional satellite datasets. All satellite surface wind data are obtained from REMSS under the DISCOVER project: Distributed Information Services: Climate/Ocean Products and Visualizations for Earth Research (http://www.discover-earth.org/index.html). The CCMP project is the result of an investigation funded by the NASA Making Earth Science data records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program (http://community.eosdis.nasa.gov/measures/). In accordance with the MEaSUREs program, the CCMP datasets are also known as Earth System Data Records (ESDRs). In collaboration with private and government institutions, a team led by Dr. Robert Atlas (PI; proposal originally solicited by REASoN, and currently funded by MEaSURES) has created the CCMP project to provide multi-instrument ocean surface wind velocity ESDRs, with wide ranging research applications in meteorology and oceanography.
Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform Ocean Surface Wind Vector L2.5 First-Look SSM/I-F10 Microwave Analyses
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonaltime scales. This particular data set is the Annual, Descending rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Annual Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Annual Data V5.0
This dataset contains in situ measurements from Airborne eXpendable Conductivity Temperature Depth (AXCTD) probes. It provides salinity, density, temperature and sound velocity of the water column. The AXCTDs were jettisoned from a plane, once the AXCTD hit the water a probe released to measure the physical properties of the water. This provided measurements of the ocean's physical characteristics around Greenland, where a ship would have had difficulties maneuvering. The AXCTDs are part of the Oceans Melting Greenland (OMG) project. The goal of the project is to find out what contributions the ocean has on Greenland's melting glaciers.
OMG Airborne eXpendable Conductivity Temperature Depth (AXCTD) Profiles
OMG AXCTD Profiles
Aircraft
Airborne eXpendable Conductivity Temperature Depth
AXCTD
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced as a retrospective dataset (four day latency) and near-real-time dataset (one day latency) at the JPL Physical Oceanography DAAC using wavelets as basis functions in an optimal interpolation approach on a global 0.01 degree grid. The version 4 Multiscale Ultrahigh Resolution (MUR) L4 analysis is based upon nighttime GHRSST L2P skin and subskin SST observations from several instruments including the NASA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E), the JAXA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 on GCOM-W1, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) on the NASA Aqua and Terra platforms, the US Navy microwave WindSat radiometer, the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on several NOAA satellites, and in situ SST observations from the NOAA iQuam project. The ice concentration data are from the archives at the EUMETSAT Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) High Latitude Processing Center and are also used for an improved SST parameterization for the high-latitudes. The dataset also contains additional variables for some granules including a SST anomaly derived from a MUR climatology and the temporal distance to the nearest IR measurement for each pixel.This dataset is funded by the NASA MEaSUREs program ( http://earthdata.nasa.gov/our-community/community-data-system-programs/measures-projects ), and created by a team led by Dr. Toshio M. Chin from JPL. It adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications. Use the file global metadata "history:" attribute to determine if a granule is near-realtime or retrospective.
GHRSST Level 4 MUR Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis
GHRSST Level 4 MUR Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis (v4.1)
Aquarius ancillary Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) product used in ADPS mission processing contains monthly-averaged Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) data for ascending/descending passes as detected by the Aquarius radiometers and scatterometer. The data is available for ascending (northward) and descending (southward) passes of the satellite only and ascending/descending passes combined.The values stored in this product are the percentage of radiometer and scatterometer measurements identified as corrupted by interference by the RFI detection algorithms [1,2] within each data point, averaged over one month. An additional RFI flag [3] is used to identify locations where the measured brightness temperature over land exceeds the expected limits of surface emissivity. This flag is not used to remove samples from further processing, but, in generating the radiometer RFI data, 100% RFI is assigned to points where this flag is raised. This product can be used to reproduce the RFI maps available on the Aquarius website at University of Maine (https://aquarius.umaine.edu/cgi/gal_radiometer.htm for the radiometer, and https://aquarius.umaine.edu/cgi/gal_scatterometer.htm for the scatterometer), by plotting the variables Rad_RFI_percent_AscDes_AllBeams and Scat_RFI_percent_AscDes_AllBeams on the latitude/longitude grid. Additionally, the user can generate maps by using only a particular beam or only ascending passes, for example. All combinations of beams and ascending/descending passes are possible.This product contains information about RFI, but it is also relevant for the retrieved Sea Surface Salinity (SSS). Over the ocean, the RFI percentage in this product corresponds to the amount of raw measurements discarded due to RFI contamination before SSS retrieval. Therefore, maps of the RFI percentage can give the user an indication of where RFI is more likely to have affected the quality of SSS retrievals, for a particular month, or for a series of months.
Yan Soldo, Paolo De Matthaeis, David Levine
Aquarius RFI Products
Aquarius Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) Ancillary Dataset V1.0
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, seasonal, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the seasonal climatology, ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Climatology Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales.This particular data set is the 7-Day sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Data V5.0
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODAM-AN4N4
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR Annual 4km Nighttime
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR Annual 4km Nighttime V2019.0
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, seasonal, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the mission series mean or cumulative, descending ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Descending Mission Cumulative Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Descending Mission Cumulative Data V5.0
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is a NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project is comprised of two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. A drifter is a passive Lagrangian sensor platform consisting of a surface buoy and tethered subsurface drogue. Drifter buoys contain GPS/ARGOS and satellite data transmitters, with sensors measuring temperature and other properties. For SPURS-2, a range of drifters were deployed during both Revelle SPURS-2 cruises. These included: standard Surface Velocity Program (SVP) drifters with salinity sensors added (SVP/S), Surface Contact Salinity drifters, CODE, SADOS, AOML and CARTHE-SUPRACT drifters. For each series, drifter data have been aggregrated within single netCDF data files with their corresponding drifter-IDs and associated near-surface salinity, temperature georeferenced (GPS and ARGOS) trajectory series data.
L. Centurioni, V. Hormann, G. Reverdin, A. Hasson, A. Supply, D. Volkov
SPURS-2 Drifter data for the E. Tropical Pacific field campaign
SPURS Field Campaign Drifter Data Products
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped mid-Infrared SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 3 and 4 mid-IR bands (MODIS channels 20,21,22 and 23). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, mid-IR SST level 3, 4km, monthly, nighttime product.
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST MID-IR Monthly 4km Nighttime v2014.0
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is theAnnual, Descending wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Descending Annual Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Descending Annual Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales.This particular data set is the Monthly, Ascending rain-flagged sea surface salinity smoothed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Smoothed Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Smoothed Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Data V5.0
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on an operational basis at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology using optimal interpolation (OI) on a regional 1/12 degree grid over the Australian region (20N - 70S, 60E - 170W). This BLUELink Regional Australian Multi-Sensor SST Analysis (RAMSSA) v1.0 system blends satellite SST observations from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR), and, the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSRE), and in situ data from ships, and drifting and moored buoy from the Global Telecommunications System (GTS). The processing results in daily foundation SST estimates that are largely free of nocturnal cooling and diurnal warming effects.
2008-01-29 L. Majewski: Original; 2008-04-30 E. Armstrong: Modified;
A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P data set containing multi-channel Sea Surface Temperature (SST) retrievals derived in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) level-1B data from the Meteorological Operational-C (MetOp-C) satellite. The SST data in this data set are used operationally in oceanographic analyses and forecasts by the US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO). The MetOp satellite program is a European multi-satellite program to provide weather data services for monitoring climate and improving weather forecasts. MetOp-A, MetOp-B and Metop-C were respectively launched on 19 Oct 2006, 17 September 2012 and 7 November 2018. The program was jointly established by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) with the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) contributing the AVHRR sensor. AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micron) and near-infrared (0.9 micron) regions, the third one is located around 4 (3.6) micron, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micron, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micron. Typically, the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive SST sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The swath of the AVHRR sensor is a relatively large 2400 km. All MetOp platforms are sun synchronous and generally view the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent). The ground native resolution of the AVHRR instruments is approximately 1.1 km at nadir and degrades off nadir. This particular data set is produced from legacy Global Area Coverage (GAC) data that are derived from a sample averaging of the full resolution global AVHRR data. Four out of every five samples along the scan line are used to compute on average value and the data from only every third scan line are processed, yielding an effective 4 km spatial resolution at nadir. The v2.0 is the updated version from current v1.0 with extensive algorithm improvements and upgrades. The major improvements include: 1) Significant changes in contaminant/cloud detection; 2) Increased the spatial resolution from 9 km to 4 km; 3) Updated compliance with GDS2, ACDD 1.3, and CF 1.6; and 4) Removed the dependency on the High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) sensor (only available to MetOp-A/B), thus allowing for the consistent inter-calibration and the processing of MetOp-A/B/C data
METOP-C AVHRR GAC MCSST
METOP-C AVHRR GAC L2P swath SST data set
GHRSST Level 2P Global Sea Surface Temperature v2.0 from the AVHRR on the MetOp-C satellite produced by NAVO
This dataset contains the ISS-RapidScat on Level 2A 25km science data record, which provides surface-flagged sigma-0 in 25km Wind Vector Cells processed using the pulse "egg" Sigma-0 data provided by the Level 1B dataset. Due to the circular scan of the SeaWinds instrument the expected number of Sigma-0 cells per WVC is not constant. To minimize the L2A data volume, the Sigma-0 cell data are stored as "lists" for each WVC row, with each list indexed by a "cell_index" array to indicate the cross-track WVC membership of the data. Each cell is then checked for land or ice and flagged accordingly. Attenuation corrections for each Sigma-0 measurement are also provided. Data are provided in single-orbit files in HDF-4 format. RapidScat is a Ku-band dual beam circular rotating scatterometer retaining much of the same hardware and functionality of QuikSCAT, with exception of the antenna sub-system and digital interface to the International Space Station (ISS) Columbus module, which is where RapidScat is mounted. The NASA mission is officially referred to as ISS-RapidScat. Unlike QuikSCAT, ISS-RapidScat is not in sun-synchronous orbit, and flies at roughly half the altitude with a low inclination angle that restricts data coverage to the tropics and mid-latitude regions; the extent of latitudinal coverage stretches from approximately 61 degrees North to 61 degrees South. Furthermore, there is no consistent local time of day retrieval.
RapidScat Level 2A Surface Flagged Sigma-0 and Attenuations in 25Km Swath Grid Version 1.1
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is an oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-1 campaign involved a series of 5 cruises during 2012 - 2013 seeking to characterize the salinity structure and balance in a high salinity, high evaporation, and low rainfall region of the subtropical North Atlantic. It aims to resolve processes responsible for maintaining the subtropical surface salinity maximum in this region and within a 900 x 800-mile square study area centered at 25N, 38W. An Underway-CTD (UCTD) was deployed on 2 of the SPURS-1 cruises. An UCTD is a towed CTD instrument providing conductivity, salinity and temperature depth profile observations while underway at up to 20kts. 771 UCTD casts occurred during the Knorr and Endeavor-I cruises (6 Sept-9 Oct 2012 and 15 Mar-15 Apr 2013 respectively) utilizing an Oceanscience instrument. UCTD data files (1 per cruise) each contain the observational data for multiple deployments, binned in 1m depth intervals.
SPURS-1 research vessel Underway-CTD trajectory profile data for N. Atlantic Endeavor and Knorr cruises
SPURS Field Campaign UCTD Products
Underway Conductivity, Temperature, Depth profiler
UCTD
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODSA-AN4N4
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 4km Nighttime
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 4km Nighttime V2019.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averagedover daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the seasonal climatology sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Climatology Data V5.0
Version 5.0 Aquarius CAP Level 3 products are the fourth release of the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mapped salinity and wind speed data based on the Combined Active Passive (CAP) algorithm. CAP Level 3 standard mapped image products contain gridded 1 degree spatial resolution salinity and wind speed data averaged over 7 day and monthly time scales. This particular dataset is the 7-Day running mean sea surface salinity (SSS) rain corrected V5.0 Aquarius CAP product. CAP is a P.I. produced dataset developed and provided by JPL. The CAP algorithm utilizes data from both the onboard radiometer and scatterometer to simultaneously retrieve salinity, wind speed and direction by minimizing the sum of squared differences between model and observations. The main improvements in CAP V5.0 relative to the previous version include: updates to the Geophysical Model Functions to 4th order harmonics with the inclusion of sea surface temperature (SST) and stability at air-sea interface effects; use of the Canadian Meteorological Center (CMC) SST product as the new source ancillary sea surface temperature data in place of NOAA OI SST. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius CAP Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Rain Corrected Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Data V5.0
FOR EXPERT USE ONLY. This dataset contains estimates of ocean bottom pressure derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission measurements, produced by the Center for Space Research (CSR) at University of Texas at Austin. The data are in spherical harmonics averaged over approximately a month. The primary objective of the GRACE mission is to obtain accurate estimates of the mean and time-variable components of the gravity field variations. This objective is achieved by making continuous measurements of the change in distance between twin spacecraft, co-orbiting in about 500 km altitude, near circular, polar orbit, spaced approximately 200 km apart, using a microwave ranging system. In addition to these range change, the non-gravitional forces are measured on each satellite using a high accuracy electrostatic, room-temperature accelerometer. The satellite orientation and position (and timing) are precisely measured using twin star cameras and a GPS receiver, respectively. Spatial and temporal variations in the gravity field affect the orbits (or trajectories) of the twin spacecraft differently. These differences are manifested as changes in the distance between the spacecraft, as they orbit the Earth. This change in distance is reflected in the time-of-flight of microwave signals transmitted and received nearly simultaneously between the two spacecraft. The change in this time of fight is continuously measured by tracking the phase of the microwave carrier signals. The so called dual-one-way range change measurements can be reconstructed from these phase measurements. This range change (or its numerically derived derivatives), along with other mission and ancillary data, is subsequently analyzed to extract the parameters of an Earth gravity field model.
GRACE OCEAN BOTTOM GEOPOTENTIAL COEFFICIENTS CSR (GAD)
GRACE_GAD_L2_GRAV_CSR_RL06
GRACE OCEAN BOTTOM GEOPOTENTIAL COEFFICIENTS CSR RELEASE 6.0 GAD
FOR EXPERT USE ONLY. This dataset contains estimates of geopotential field derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission measurements and a non-tidal atmospheric model produced by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The data are in spherical harmonics averaged over approximately a month. The primary objective of the GRACE mission is to obtain accurate estimates of the mean and time-variable components of the gravity field variations. This objective is achieved by making continuous measurements of the change in distance between twin spacecraft, co-orbiting in about 500 km altitude, near circular, polar orbit, spaced approximately 200 km apart, using a microwave ranging system. In addition to these range change, the non-gravitional forces are measured on each satellite using a high accuracy electrostatic, room-temperature accelerometer. The satellite orientation and position (and timing) are precisely measured using twin star cameras and a GPS receiver, respectively. Spatial and temporal variations in the gravity field affect the orbits (or trajectories) of the twin spacecraft differently. These differences are manifested as changes in the distance between the spacecraft, as they orbit the Earth. This change in distance is reflected in the time-of-flight of microwave signals transmitted and received nearly simultaneously between the two spacecraft. The change in this time of fight is continuously measured by tracking the phase of the microwave carrier signals. The so called dual-one-way range change measurements can be reconstructed from these phase measurements. This range change (or its numerically derived derivatives), along with other mission and ancillary data, is subsequently analyzed to extract the parameters of an Earth gravity field model.
GRACE Geopotential Spherical Harmonic Coefficients for Land Corrections JPL (GAA)
GRACE_GAA_L2_GRAV_JPL_RL06
GRACE NON-TIDAL ATMOSPHERE GEOPOTENTIAL COEFFICIENTS JPL RELEASE 6.0 GAA
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales.This particular data set is the mission series mean or cumulative, Descending sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Descending Mission Cumulative Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Descending Mission Cumulative Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, seasonal, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the monthly climatology ascending ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Climatology Data V5.0
This dataset contains the RapidScat Level 2B 12.5km Version 1.1 science-quality ocean surface wind vectors. The Level 2B wind vectors are binned on a 12.5 km Wind Vector Cell (WVC) grid and processed using the Level 2A Sigma-0 dataset. RapidScat is a Ku-band dual beam circular rotating scatterometer retaining much of the same hardware and functionality of QuikSCAT, with exception of the antenna sub-system and digital interface to the International Space Station (ISS) Columbus module, which is where RapidScat is mounted. The NASA mission is officially referred to as ISS-RapidScat. Unlike QuikSCAT, ISS-RapidScat is not in sun-synchronous orbit, and flies at roughly half the altitude with a low inclination angle that restricts data coverage to the tropics and mid-latitude regions; the extent of latitudinal coverage stretches from approximately 61 degrees North to 61 degrees South. Furthermore, there is no consistent local time of day retrieval. This dataset is provided in a netCDF-3 file format that follows the netCDF-4 classic model (i.e., generated by the netCDF-4 API) and made available via FTP and OPeNDAP. For data access, please click on the "Data Access" tab above. This Version 1.1 dataset differs from the previous Version 1 dataset as follows: 1) A new neural network approach for high wind speeds provided rain corrections for the "retrieve_wind_speed" variable for wind speeds in excess of 15 m/s. 2) The data variables containing the number of measurements of each type for each wind vector cell have been corrected; these variables include "number_in_aft", "number_in_fore", "number_out_aft", and "number_out_fore". 3) The "wind_obj" data variable has been corrected to include the proper data for the conditional probability for the objective DIRTH function values. It is advised for users to avoid using the "wind_obj" variable in this dataset since it is minimally applicable and meant primarily for quality assurance; for users who wish to access the objective function values for each ambiguity, it is suggested to use only the "ambiguity_obj" variable. The "wind_obj" variable contains DIRTH probabilities (which are derived form the "ambiguity_obj" objective function values) in the range of 0 to 1 indicating the conditional probability that the true direction is within + or - 2.5 degrees of the retrieved wind direction given the observed backscatter measurements in the cell. If you have any questions, please contact podaac@podaac.jpl.nasa.gov
RapidScat Level 2B Ocean Wind Vectors in 12.5km Slice Composites Version 1.1
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the 28-Dayrunning mean, Descending sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending 28-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending 28-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature (SST) analysis produced daily on an operational basis by the Oceanographic Modeling and Observation Network (REMO) at Applied Meteorology Laboratory/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (LMA/UFRJ) using the Barnes sub optimal interpolation (OI) technique on a regional 0.05 degree grid. REMO uses Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites series (NOAA 15, NOAA 16, NOAA 17, NOAA 18 and NOAA 19) and Microwave Imager (TMI) data from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) which is a joint mission between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to generate 0.05 degree daily cloud free blended (infrared and microwave) SST products (approximately 5.5 km). The data lies between latitudes 45 S and 15 N and longitudes 70 W and 15 W region and are fully validated by in situ measurements from eleven buoys of Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA).AVHRR is a scanning radiometer capable of detecting energy from land, ocean and atmosphere. It operates with six spectral bands arranged in the regions of visible and infrared region. TRMM was launched in December, 1997, having an orbital inclination of 53 degree and altitude 350 km, an equatorial orbit that ranges from 40 N to 40 S and a spatial resolution of 0.25 degree (∼27.75 km). Although infrared AVHRR SST data have high spatial resolution, they are contaminated by cloud cover and aerosols, while lower resolution microvwave TMI data are barely influenced by these.
LMA
GHRSST Project Office
Applied Meteorology Laboratory/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
GHRSST Level 4 REMO_OI_SST_5km Regional Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis (GDS version 2)
Analysed blended sea surface temperature over the South Atlantic ocean
5.5 km
South Atlantic
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, thermal-IR SST level 3, 4km, monthly, daytime product.
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 4km Daytime v2014.0
The Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS), starting with S-NPP launched on 28 October 2011, is the new generation of the US Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES). The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) is a collaboration between NASA and NOAA. NOAA is responsible for all JPSS products, including SST from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). VIIRS is a whiskbroom scanning radiometer, which takes measurements in the cross-track direction within a field of view of 112.56-deg using 16 detectors and a double-sided mirror assembly. At a nominal altitude of 829 km, the swath width is 3,060 km, providing global daily coverage for both day and night passes. VIIRS has 22 spectral bands covering the spectrum from 0.4-12 um, including 16 moderate resolution bands (M-bands). The L2P SST product is derived at the native sensor resolution (~0.75 km at nadir, ~1.5 km at swath edge) using NOAA's Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Ocean (ACSPO) system, and reported in 10-minute granules in netCDF4 format, compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). There are 144 granules per 24hr interval, with a total data volume of 27GB/day. In addition to pixel-level earth locations, Sun-sensor geometry, and ancillary data from the NCEP global weather forecast, ACSPO outputs include four brightness temperatures (BTs) in M12 (3.7um), M14 (8.6um), M15 (11um), and M16 (12um) bands, and two reflectances in M5 (0.67um) and M7 (0.87um) bands. The reflectances are used for cloud identification. Beginning with ACSPO v2.60, all BTs and reflectances are destriped (Bouali and Ignatov, 2014) and resampled (Gladkova et al., 2016), to minimize the effect of bow-tie distortions and deletions. SSTs are retrieved from destriped BTs.SSTs are derived from BTs using the Multi-Channel SST (MCSST; night) and Non-Linear SST (NLSST; day) algorithms (Petrenko et al., 2014). An ACSPO clear-sky mask (ACSM) is provided in each pixel as part of variable l2p_flags, which also includes day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags (Petrenko et al., 2010). Fill values are reported in all invalid pixels, including those with >5 km inland. For each valid water pixel (defined as ocean, sea, lake or river, and up to 5 km inland), four BTs in M12/14/15/16 (included for those users interested in direct "radiance assimilation", e.g., NOAA NCEP, NASA GMAO, ECMWF) and two refelctances in M5/7 are reported, along with derived SST. Other variables include NCEP wind speed and ACSPO SST minus reference SST (Canadian Met Centre 0.1deg L4 SST; available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/CMC0.1deg-CMC-L4-GLOB-v3.0). Only ACSM confidently clear pixels are recommended (equivalent to GDS2 quality level=5). Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (SSES bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel with QL=5. Note that users of ACSPO data have the flexibility to ignore the ACSM and derive their own clear-sky mask, and apply it to BTs and SSTs. They may also ignore ACSPO SSTs, and derive their own SSTs from the original BTs.The ACSPO VIIRS L2P product is monitored and validated against quality controlled in situ data provided by NOAA in situ SST Quality Monitor system (iQuam; Xu and Ignatov, 2014) using another NOAA system, SST Quality Monitor (SQUAM; Dash et al, 2010). Corresponding clear-sky BTs are validated against RTM simulations in the Monitoring IR Clear-sky Radiances over Ocean for SST system (MICROS; Liang and Ignatov, 2011). A reduced size (1GB/day), equal-angle gridded (0.02-deg resolution), ACSPO L3U product is also available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/VIIRS_NPP-OSPO-L3U-v2.61, where gridded L2P SSTs with QL=5 only are reported, and BT layers omitted.
GHRSST Level 2P OSPO dataset from VIIRS on S-NPP Satellite (GDS v2)
Sea Surface temperature retrievals produced by NOAA/NESDIS/OSPO office from VIIRS sensor
GHRSST Level 2P OSPO dataset v2.61 from VIIRS on S-NPP Satellite (GDS v2)
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) global Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on a 0.09-degree grid at Remote Sensing Systems. This product uses optimal interpolation (OI) from both microwave (MW) sensors including the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), the NASA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSRE), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) onboard the GCOM-W1 satellite, and WindSat operates on the Coriolis satellite, and infrared (IR) sensors such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the NASA Aqua and Terra platform and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the Suomi-NPP satellite. The through-cloud capabilities of microwave radiometers provide a valuable picture of global sea surface temperature (SST) while infrared radiometers (i.e., MODIS) have a higher spatial resolution. This analysis does not use any in situ SST data such as drifting buoy SST. Comparing with previous version 4.0 dataset, the version 5.0 has made the updates in several areas, including the diurnal warming model, the sensor-specific error statistics (SSES) for each microwave sensor, the sensor correlation model, and the quality mask.
GHRSST Level 4 MW_IR_OI Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature analysis
MWIR optimum interpolated SST data set
GHRSST Level 4 MW_IR_OI Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature analysis version 5.0 from REMSS
9 km
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averagedover daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Daily, Descending rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Daily Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Daily Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Monthly,Ascending sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Data V5.0
This Level 1 (L1) dataset contains the Full Delay Doppler Map (DDM) sensor data from the Delay Doppler Mapping Instrument aboard the CYGNSS satellite constellation. The primary CYGNSS instrument, also known as the Delay-Doppler Mapping Instrument (DDMI), measures the incoming radio frequency (RF) streams from three input antenna channels (2 nadir oriented science antennas and one zenith oriented navigation antenna) and processes them in real time into DDMs, which are two-dimensional maps of the signal scattered from the Earth surface as a function of propagation time delay and Doppler frequency shift. DDMs are normally sampled over a restricted range of delay and Doppler values centered on the values at the specular point of reflection. The bit resolution of scattered signal strength is also truncated by a lossy data compression algorithm. Full DDMs are sampled over a wider range of delay and Doppler values and retain their full (lossless) bit resolution. Full DDM data records are typically 10-15 min in duration and are initiated by ground commands to coincide with an overpass by one of the spacecraft of a target area of interest.
CYGNSS Level 1 Full Delay Doppler Map Data Record
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly,and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the monthly climatology, Ascending sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Climatology Data V5.0
CSR TELLUS GRACE-FO Level-3 Monthly Ocean Bottom Pressure Anomaly Release 6.0 in netCDF/ASCII/GeoTIFF
TELLUS_GRFO_L3_CSR_RL06_OCN_v03
CSR TELLUS GRACE-FO Level-3 Monthly Ocean Bottom Pressure Anomaly Release 6.0 version 03 in netCDF/ASCII/GeoTIFF Formats
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, seasonal, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the Seasonal, descending ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Data V5.0
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODST-8D4D4
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 4km Daytime
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 4km Daytime V2019.0
A global 1 km Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the European Meteorological Operational-B (MetOp-B) satellite (launched 17 Sep 2012). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT),Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near realtime from Metop/AVHRR. Global AVHRR level 1b data are acquired at Meteo-France/Centre deMeteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system. SST is retrievedfrom the AVHRR infrared channels (3.7, 10.8 and 12.0 micrometer) using a multispectral algorithm.Atmospheric profiles of water vapor and temperature from a numerical weather prediction model,together with a radiatiave transfer model, are used to correct the multispectral algorithm forregional and seasonal biases due to changing atmospheric conditions. This product is delivered atfull resolution in satellite projection as metagranule corresponding to 3 minutes of acquisition. Theproduct format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2.
METOP_B AVHRR swath SST data set
GHRSST Level 2P sub-skin Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on Metop satellites (currently Metop-B) (GDS V2) produced by OSI SAF
GHRSST Level 2P Global 1m Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the MetOp-A satellite produced by NAVO
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is theDaily, Descending wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Descending Daily Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Descending Daily Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the mission cummulative, Ascending rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Mission Cumulative Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Mission Cumulative Data V5.0
The version 4.0 SMAP-SSS level 3, 8-Day running mean gridded product is based on the fourth release of the validated standard mapped sea surface salinity (SSS) data from the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) observatory, produced operationally by Remote Sensing Systems (RSS). Enhancements with this release include: use of an improved 0.125 degree land correction table with land emission based on SMAP TB; replacement of the previous NCEP sea-ice mask with one based on RSS AMSR-2 and implementing a sea-ice threshold of 0.3% (gain weighted sea-ice fraction); revised solar flagging that depends on glint angle and wind speed; inclusion of estimated SSS-uncertainty; consolidation of both 40KM and 70KM SMAP-SSS datasets as variable fields in a single data product. Daily data files for this product are based on SSS averages spanning an 8-day moving time window. SMAP data begins on April 1,2015 and is ongoing. L3 products are global in extent and gridded at 0.25degree x 0.25degree with a default spatial feature resolution of approximately 70KM. Note that while a SSS 40KM variable is also included in the product, for most open ocean applications, the default SSS variable (70KM) is best used as they are significantly less noisy than the 40KM data. The SMAP satellite is in a near-polar orbit at an inclination of 98 degrees and an altitude of 685 km. It has an ascending node time of 6 pm and is sun-synchronous. With its 1000km swath, SMAP achieves global coverage in approximately 3 days, but has an exact orbit repeat cycle of 8 days. On board instruments include a highly sensitive L-band radiometer operating at 1.41GHz and an L-band 1.26GHz radar sensor providing complementary active and passive sensing capabilities. Malfunction of the SMAP scatterometer on 7 July, 2015, has necessitated the use of collocated wind speed, primarily from WindSat, for the surface roughness correction required for the surface salinity retrieval.
RSS SMAP Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image 8-Day Running Mean Validated Dataset
RSS SMAP Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image 8-Day Running Mean V4.0 Validated Dataset
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution density data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Daily, Ascending sea surface density productfor version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Ascending Daily Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Ascending Daily Data V5.0
The IPRC/SOEST Aquarius OI-SSS v5 product is a level 4, near-global, 0.5 degree spatial resolution, 7-day, optimally interpolated salinity dataset based on version 5.0 of the AQUARIUS/SAC-D level 2 mission data. This is a PI led dataset produced at the International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) at the University of Hawaii (Manoa) School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology. The optimal interpolation (OI) mapping procedure used to create this product corrects for systematic spatial biases in Aquarius SSS data with respect to near-surface in situ salinity observations and takes into account available statistical information about the signal and noise, specific to the Aquarius instrument. Bias fields are constructed by differencing in situ from Aquarius derived SSS fields obtained separately using ascending and descending satellite observations for each of the three Aquarius beams, and by removal of small-scale noise and low-pass filtering along-track using a two-dimensional Hanning window procedures prior to application of the OI algorithm. Additional enhancements for this new version of the product include: 1) The V5.0 (end-of mission) version of Aquarius Level-2 (swath) SSS data are used as input data for the OI SSS analysis. 2) The source of the first guess fields has changed from the APDRC Argo-derived SSS product to the average of four different in-situ based SSS products. 3) The bias correction algorithm has changed to adjust SSS retrievals for large-scale systematic biases on a repeat-track basis. 4) New, less restrictive thresholds are implemented to filter observations for land and ice contamination, thus improving coverage in the coastal areas and semi-enclosed seas. 5) Level-2 RFI masks for descending and ascending satellite passes are used to discard observations in specific geographic zones where excessive ascending-descending differences are observed due to contamination from undetected RFI. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath. The Aquarius polar orbit is sun synchronous at 657 km with a 6 pm, ascending node, and has a 7-Day repeat cycle.
Oleg Melnichenko
IPRC/SOEST - Oleg Melnichenko
IPRC/SOEST University of Hawaii, Manoa
Aquarius Optimally Interpoated Sea Surface Salinity Products
Aquarius L4 Optimally Interpoated Sea Surface Salinity
IPRC/SOEST Aquarius V5.0 Optimally Interpolated Sea Surface Salinity 7-Day global Dataset
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped mid-Infrared SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 3 and 4 mid-IR bands (MODIS channels 20,21,22 and 23). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, mid-IR SST level 3, 4km, annual, nighttime product.
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR Annual 4km Nighttime v2014.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the monthly climatology sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Monthly Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Monthly Climatology Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the Seasonal, Descending sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Data V5.0
This dataset contains operational near-real-time Level 2 ocean surface wind vector retrievals from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) on MetOp-C at 25 km sampling resolution (note: the effective resolution is 50 km). It is a product of the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) provided through the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). The wind vector retrievals are currently processed using the CMOD7.n geophysical model function using a Hamming filter to spatially average the Sigma-0 data in the ASCAT L1B data. Each file is provided in netCDF version 3 format, and contains one full orbit derived from 3-minute orbit granules. Latency is approximately 2 hours from the latest measurement. The beginning of the orbit is defined by the first wind vector cell measurement within the first 3-minute orbit granule that starts north of the Equator in the ascending node. ASCAT is a C-band dual swath fan beam radar scatterometer providing two independent swaths of backscatter retrievals in sun-synchronous polar orbit aboard the MetOp-C platform. For more information about the MetOp-C platform and mission, please refer to: https://www.eumetsat.int/website/home/TechnicalBulletins/Metop/index.html . For more timely announcements, users are encouraged to register with the KNMI scatterometer email list: scat@knmi.nl. Users are also highly advised to check the dataset user guide periodically for updates and new information on known problems and issues. All intellectual property rights of the OSI SAF products belong to EUMETSAT. The use of these products is granted to every interested user, free of charge. If you wish to use these products, EUMETSAT's copyright credit must be shown by displaying the words "copyright (year) EUMETSAT" on each of the products used.
MetOp-C ASCAT Level 2 25.0km Ocean Surface Wind Vectors in Full Orbit Swath
MetOp-C ASCAT Level 2 25.0 km Ocean Surface Wind Vectors
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is a NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project is comprised of two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. The Salinity Snake (SS) measures sea surface salinity in the top 1 - 2 cm of the water column, which is the radiometric depth of L-Band satellite radiometers such as on Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites that measure salinity remotely. The SS consists of four key components: a 10m boom mast, a hose, which is deployed from this boom, a powerful self-priming peristaltic pump which transports a constant stream of a seawater/air emulsion, and a shipboard apparatus, which filters, de-bubbles, sterilizes and analyses the salinity of the water. The SS was deployed during both SPURS-2 Revelle cruises. SS data series are provided in netCDF file format, one per cruise.
Julian Schanze
Earth and Space Research (ESR), Seattle WA 98121
SPURS-2 Surface Salinity Snake data for the E. Tropical Pacific field campaign R/V Revelle cruises
SPURS Field Campaign Salinity Snake Products
FOR EXPERT USE ONLY. This dataset contains estimates of geopotential field derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission measurements and a non-tidal oceanic model produced by the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ). The data are in spherical harmonics averaged over approximately a month. The primary objective of the GRACE mission is to obtain accurate estimates of the mean and time-variable components of the gravity field variations. This objective is achieved by making continuous measurements of the change in distance between twin spacecraft, co-orbiting in about 500 km altitude, near circular, polar orbit, spaced approximately 200 km apart, using a microwave ranging system. In addition to these range change, the non-gravitional forces are measured on each satellite using a high accuracy electrostatic, room-temperature accelerometer. The satellite orientation and position (and timing) are precisely measured using twin star cameras and a GPS receiver, respectively. Spatial and temporal variations in the gravity field affect the orbits (or trajectories) of the twin spacecraft differently. These differences are manifested as changes in the distance between the spacecraft, as they orbit the Earth. This change in distance is reflected in the time-of-flight of microwave signals transmitted and received nearly simultaneously between the two spacecraft. The change in this time of fight is continuously measured by tracking the phase of the microwave carrier signals. The so called dual-one-way range change measurements can be reconstructed from these phase measurements. This range change (or its numerically derived derivatives), along with other mission and ancillary data, is subsequently analyzed to extract the parameters of an Earth gravity field model.
GRACE NON-TIDAL OCEAN GEOPOTENTIAL COEFFICIENTS GFZ (GAB)
GRACE_GAB_L2_GRAV_GFZ_RL06
GRACE NON-TIDAL OCEAN GEOPOTENTIAL COEFFICIENTS GFZ RELEASE 6.0 GAB
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODST-AN4N4
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 4km Nighttime
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 4km Nighttime V2019.0
Dataset Policy created for GOES_L3_SST_6km_NRT_SST_3HOUR
GOES Level 3 6km Near Real Time SST 3 Hour
3 Hour
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales.This particular data set is the mission series mean or cumulative, Ascending wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Ascending Mission Cumulative Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Ascending Mission Cumulative Data V5.0
This dataset is derived under the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) project and contains value-added Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer EOS (AMSR-E) ocean surface winds from the AQUA platform. The CCMP datasets combine cross-calibrated satellite winds obtained from Remote Sensing Systems (REMSS) using a Variational Analysis Method (VAM) to produce a high-resolution (0.25 degree) gridded analysis. Wind directions from the resulting analysis are assigned to the location and time of the satellite-derived wind speed observations to create this value added dataset. The CCMP data set includes cross-calibrated satellite winds derived from SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR-E, TRMM TMI, QuikSCAT, SeaWinds, WindSat and other satellite instruments as they become available from REMSS. REMSS uses a cross-calibrated sea-surface emissivity model function which improves the consistency between wind speed retrievals from microwave radiometers (i.e., SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR, TMI, WindSat) and those from scatterometers (i.e., QuikSCAT and SeaWinds). The VAM combines these data with in situ measurements and a starting estimate (first guess) of the wind field. The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-40 Reanalysis is used as the first-guess from 1987 to 1998. The ECMWF Operational analysis is used from January 1999 onward. All wind observations and analysis fields are referenced to a height of 10 meters. The ERA-40 can be obtained from the Computation and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR): http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds117.0/. The ECMWF Operational analysis can also be obtained from CISL at NCAR: http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds111.1/. Three products are distributed to complete the CCMP dataset series. L3.0 product contains high-resolution analyses every 6-hours. These data are then time averaged over monthly and 5-day periods to derive the L3.5 product. Directions from the L3.0 product are then assigned to the time and location of the passive microwave satellite wind speed observations to derive the L2.5 product. All datasets are distributed on a 0.25 degree cylindrical coordinate grid. This dataset is one in a series of First-Look (FLK) CCMP datasets and is a continuation and expansion of the SSM/I surface wind velocity project that began under the NASA Pathfinder Program. Refinements and upgrades to the FLK version will be incorporated under a new release (date to be determined) known as Late-look (LLK) and may include additional satellite datasets. All satellite surface wind data are obtained from REMSS under the DISCOVER project: Distributed Information Services: Climate/Ocean Products and Visualizations for Earth Research (http://www.discover-earth.org/index.html). The CCMP project is the result of an investigation funded by the NASA Making Earth Science data records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program (http://community.eosdis.nasa.gov/measures/). In accordance with the MEaSUREs program, the CCMP datasets are also known as Earth System Data Records (ESDRs). In collaboration with private and government institutions, a team led by Dr. Robert Atlas (PI; proposal originally solicited by REASoN, and currently funded by MEaSURES) has created the CCMP project to provide multi-instrument ocean surface wind velocity ESDRs, with wide ranging research applications in meteorology and oceanography.
Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform Ocean Surface Wind Vector L2.5 First-Look AMSR-E Microwave Analyses
Version 5.0 Aquarius CAP Level 3 products are the fourth release of the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mapped salinity and wind speed data based on the Combined Active Passive (CAP) algorithm. CAP Level 3 standard mapped image products contain gridded 1 degree spatial resolution salinity and wind speed data averaged over 7 day and monthly time scales. This particular dataset is the monthly sea surface salinity (SSS) V5.0 Aquarius CAP product. CAP is a P.I. produced dataset developed and provided by JPL. The CAP algorithm utilizes data from both the onboard radiometer and scatterometer to simultaneously retrieve salinity, wind speed and direction by minimizing the sum of squared differences between model and observations. The main improvements in CAP V5.0 relative to the previous version include: updates to the Geophysical Model Functions to 4th order harmonics with the inclusion of sea surface temperature (SST) and stability at air-sea interface effects; use of the Canadian Meteorological Center (CMC) SST product as the new source ancillary sea surface temperature data in place of NOAA OI SST. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius CAP Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Monthly Data V5.0
FOR EXPERT USE ONLY. This dataset contains estimates of ocean bottom pressure derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission measurements, produced by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The data are in spherical harmonics averaged over approximately a month. The primary objective of the GRACE mission is to obtain accurate estimates of the mean and time-variable components of the gravity field variations. This objective is achieved by making continuous measurements of the change in distance between twin spacecraft, co-orbiting in about 500 km altitude, near circular, polar orbit, spaced approximately 200 km apart, using a microwave ranging system. In addition to these range change, the non-gravitional forces are measured on each satellite using a high accuracy electrostatic, room-temperature accelerometer. The satellite orientation and position (and timing) are precisely measured using twin star cameras and a GPS receiver, respectively. Spatial and temporal variations in the gravity field affect the orbits (or trajectories) of the twin spacecraft differently. These differences are manifested as changes in the distance between the spacecraft, as they orbit the Earth. This change in distance is reflected in the time-of-flight of microwave signals transmitted and received nearly simultaneously between the two spacecraft. The change in this time of fight is continuously measured by tracking the phase of the microwave carrier signals. The so called dual-one-way range change measurements can be reconstructed from these phase measurements. This range change (or its numerically derived derivatives), along with other mission and ancillary data, is subsequently analyzed to extract the parameters of an Earth gravity field model.
GRACE Ocean Bottom Geopotential Coefficients JPL (GAD)
GRACE_GAD_L2_GRAV_JPL_RL06
GRACE OCEAN BOTTOM GEOPOTENTIAL COEFFICIENTS JPL RELEASE 6.0 GAD
Dataset Policy created for GOES_L3_SST_6km_NRT_SST_24HOUR
GOES Level 3 6km Near Real Time SST 24 Hour
The WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer, launched on January 6, 2003 aboard the Department of Defense Coriolis satellite, was designed to measure the ocean surface wind vector from space. It developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Remote Sensing Division and the Naval Center for Space Technology for the U.S. Navy and the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Integrated Program Office (IPO). In addition to wind speed and direction, the instrument can also measure sea surface temperature, soil moisture, ice and snow characteristics, water vapor, cloud liquid water, and rain rate. Unlike previous radiometers, the WindSat sensor takes observations during both the forward and aft looking scans. This makes the WindSat geometry of the earth view swath quite different and significantly more complicated to work with than the other passive microwave sensors. The Remote Sensing Systems (RSS, or REMSS) WindSat products are the only dataset available that uses both the fore and aft look directions. By using both directions, a wider swath and more complicated swath geometry is obtained. RSS providers of these SST data for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Project, performs a detailed processing of WindSat instrument data in two stages. The first stage produces a near-real-time (NRT) product (identified by "rt" within the file name) which is made as available as soon as possible. This is generally within 3 hours of when the data are recorded. Although suitable for many timely uses the NRT products are not intended to be archive quality. "Final" data (currently identified by "v7.0.1a" within the file name) are processed when RSS receives the atmospheric mode NCEP FNL analysis. The NCEP wind directions are particularly useful for retrieving more accurate SSTs and wind speeds. The final "v7.0.1a" products will continue to accumulate new swaths (half orbits) until the maps are full, generally within 7 days. The version with letter "a" refers to the file incompliance with GHRSST format.
GHRSST Level 3U Global Subskin Sea Surface Temperature from Windsat from WindSat polarimetric radiometer on the Coriolis satellite
WindSat geolocated L3U SST data set
GHRSST Level 3U Global Subskin Sea Surface Temperature version7.0.1a from the WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer on the Coriolis satellite
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODTM-1D9N4
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST MID-IR Daily 9km Nighttime
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST MID-IR Daily 9km Nighttime V2019.0
This dataset polar-stereographic-gridded, daily averaged Sigma-0 retrievals over the Arctic Polar region from the SeaWinds L1B retrievals, which are generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU); the processed files are therefore known as SIR files. The SeaWinds scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. The SIR files are separated according to polarization. For example, one SIR file for a particular day will contain the gridded average Sigma-0 values for the horizontally polarized L1B retrievals, while the other will contain those from the vertically polarized L1B retrievals. These SIR files were also used to generate a complimentary dataset of GIF images representing the daily averaged Sigma-0, which is meant for browse purposes only and available here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SEAWINDS_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ARCTIC_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_IMAGES. An expanded version of this dataset includes the full daily Sigma-0 statistcs: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SEAWINDS_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ARCTIC_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_FULL. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
SeaWinds on ADEOS-II Level 3 Sigma-0 Polar-Stereographic Browse Maps (Reduced) of Arctic Region
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, thermal-IR SST level 3, 4km, annual, nighttime product.
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 4km Nighttime v2014.0
GOES-17 (G17) is the second satellite in the US NOAA's GOES-R series. It was launched on 1 Mar 2018 in an interim position at 89.5-deg W for initial Cal/Val, moved to its nominal position at 137.2-deg W in Nov 2018, and declared NOAA operational GOES-West satellite on 12 Feb 2019. Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) is a 16 channel sensor, of which five (3.9, 8.4, 10.3, 11.2, 12.3 um) are suitable for SST. From altitude 35,800km, G17/ABI maps SST in a Full Disk (FD) area from 163E-77W and 60S-60N, with spatial resolution 2km/nadir to 15km/VZA 67-deg, and 10-min temporal sampling. The ABI L2P SST is derived at the native sensor resolution using NOAA ACSPO system. ACSPO processes every 10-min FD, identifies good-quality ocean pixels (Petrenko et al., 2010) and derives SST using Non-Linear SST (NLSST) algorithm (Petrenko et al., 2014). Unfortunately, the G17 ABI loop heat pipe (LHP) that should maintain the ABI at its intended temperature, is not operating at its designed capacity, which required mitigations to the ACSPO algorithms and releasing an updated ACSPO version 2.71 (Pennybacker et al, 2019). In particular, band 11.2um, most subject to calibration problems, is not used leading to a 3-band (8.4, 10.3, and 12.3um) NLSST, and increased calibration problems prevent SST retrievals at night. As a result, the G17 SST is only reported for 13 out of 24hrs/day, from 20UTC to 08UTC. The 10-min FD data are subsequently collated in time, to produce 1-hr product, with improved coverage and reduced cloud leakages and image noise. The collation algorithm also reduces G17 excessive sensor noise and striping to levels similar to G16. The collated SSTs are only reported over clear-sky water pixels. All pixels with valid SSTs are recommended for use. The L2P is reported in NetCDF4 GDS2 format, 13 granules per day, with a total data volume 0.3GB/day. ACSPO files also report sun-sensor geometry, wind speed and l2p_flags (day/night, land, ice, twilight, glint flags). Per GDS2 specifications, two Sensor-Specific Error Statistics (bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel (Petrenko et al., 2016). Pixel earth locations are not reported in the granules, as they remain unchanged from granule to granule. Those can be obtained using a flat lat/lon file or a Python script available at https://podaac-tools.jpl.nasa.gov/drive/files/allData/ghrsst/data/GDS2/L2P/GOES17/STAR/nav. The ACSPO G17 ABI SSTs are continuously validated in SQUAM (Dash et al, 2010). A reduced size (0.1GB/day), 0.02-deg equal-angle gridded L3C product is available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/ABI_G17-STAR-L3C-v2.71.
GHRSST NOAA/STAR GOES-17 ABI L2P America Region SST dataset in GDS2
GHRSST NOAA/STAR GOES-17 ABI L2P America Region SST v2.71 dataset in GDS2
Eastern Pacific
This dataset contains the latest reprocessed version 4.1 of the Level 2B science-quality ocean surface wind vector retrievals from the QuikSCAT scatterometer. The retrievals are provided on a non-uniform grid within the swath at 12.5 km pixel resolution. Higher resolution is achieved through a slice composite technique in which high resolution slice measurements from L1B data are composited into a 12.5 km wind vector cell. Each L2B file corresponds to a specific orbital revolution (rev) number, which begins at the southernmost point of the ascending orbit. This is an official dataset produced by the NASA QuikSCAT Project through the SeaWinds Processing and Analysis Center (SeaPAC). Version 4.1 processing begins with the same L1B (time-ordered backscatter) data as used in the previous Version 4.0 processing. This new version has a number of key improvements and changes over the previous version 4.0, including: 1) winds are now retrieved to within 5-km and 10-km of the coast within oceans/seas and lakes respectively; 2) coastal winds are now flagged as poor coastal quality and likely corrupted in orbits with estimated spacecraft pitch error greater than 0.04 degrees, which affects 150 orbits of data where coastal winds are severely contaminated by land due to poor attitude knowledge (note: attitude error tracking can identify pitch error but not yaw error, so when estimated pitch error is far from zero, it implies yaw error is large and uncorrected); 3) coastal winds are flagged based upon the long term mean wind speed and standard deviation of wind speed for each place on the ground; 4) four quantities, means and standard deviations computed with and without the land contamination correction algorithm applied (note: higher mean and smaller standard deviation are evidence of land contamination), are used to estimate the expected wind speed bias with respect to neighboring wind vector cells over open water; 5) wind vector cells with estimated speed bias greater than 0.4 m/s are flagged as poor coastal quality and likely corrupted; 6) winds within 5-km of the coast of an ocean/sea and 10-km of the coast of a lake are flagged as poor coastal quality and likely corrupted; the larger distance threshold for lakes is due to higher variability in lake water levels.
QuikSCAT Level 2B Ocean Wind Vectors in 12.5km Slice Composites Version 4.1
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, seasonal, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the monthly ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Monthly Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the Seasonal, Ascending rain-flagged rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Data V5.0
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODSA-1D9D4
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 9km Daytime
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 9km Daytime V2019.0
This dataset contains gridded monthly global water storage/height anomalies relative to a time-mean, derived from GRACE and GRACE-FO and processed at JPL using the Mascon approach (Version2/RL06). These data are provided in a single data file in netCDF format, and can be used for analysis for ocean, ice, and hydrology phenomena. The water storage/height anomalies are given in equivalent water thickness units (cm). The solution provided here is derived from solving for monthly gravity field variations in terms of geolocated spherical cap mass concentration functions, rather than global spherical harmonic coefficients. Additionally, realistic geophysical information is introduced during the solution inversion to intrinsically remove correlated error. Thus, these Mascon grids do not need to be destriped or smoothed, like traditional spherical harmonic gravity solutions. The complete Mascon solution consists of 4,551 relatively independent estimates of surface mass change that have been derived using an equal-area 3-degree grid of individual mascons. It should be noted that this dataset does not correct for leakage errors across coastlines; it is therefore recommended only for users who want to apply their own algorithm to separate between land and ocean mass very near coastlines. Please refer to the 'Data Access' tab at the top of this page to gain direct access to the Mascon data. For more information, please visit https://grace.jpl.nasa.gov/data/get-data/jpl_global_mascons/. For a detailed description on the Mascon solution, including the mathematical derivation, implementation of geophysical constraints, and solution validation, please see Watkins et al., 2015, doi: 10.1002/2014JB011547. This product is intended for expert use only; other users are encouraged to use the CRI-filtered Mascon dataset, which is available here: https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/TELLUS_GRACE_MASCON_CRI_GRID_RL06_V2.
JPL GRACE and GRACE-FO Mascon Ocean, Ice, and Hydrology Equivalent Water Height JPL Release 06
JPL GRACE and GRACE-FO Mascon Ocean, Ice, and Hydrology Equivalent Water Height JPL RL06 Version 02
JPL GRACE and GRACE-FO Mascon Ocean, Ice, and Hydrology Equivalent Water Height JPL Release 06 Version 02
JPL TELLUS GRACE-FO Level-3 Monthly Ocean Bottom Pressure Anomaly Release 6.0 in netCDF/ASCII/GeoTIFF
TELLUS_GRFO_L3_JPL_RL06_OCN_v03
JPL TELLUS GRACE-FO Level-3 Monthly Ocean Bottom Pressure Anomaly Release 6.0 version 03 in netCDF/ASCII/GeoTIFF Formats
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution density data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the 7-Day, Ascending sea surface density productfor version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Ascending 7-Day Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Ascending 7-Day Data V5.0
This European Remote Sensing (ERS) Sigma-0 dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at Brigham Young University (BYU) and is generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at BYU. The dataset provides SIR processed Sigma-0 data from the ERS-2 C-band scatterometer, which is also known as the Active Microwave Instrument (AMI). AMI is a multimode radar operating at a frequency of 5.3 GHz (C-band), using vertically polarized antennas for both transmission and reception. The SIR technique results in an enhanced resolution image reconstruction and gridded on an equal-area grid (for non-polar regions) at 8.9 km pixel resolution stored in SIR files; polar regions are gridded at the same resolution using a polar-stereographic technique. A non-enhanced version is provided at 44.5 km pixel resolution in a format known as GRD (i.e., gridded) files. All files are produced in IEEE formatted binary. All data files are separated and organized by region, parameter, and sampling technique (i.e., SIR vs. GRD). The regions of China and Japan are combined into a single region. In addition to Sigma-0, various statistical parameters are provided for added guidance, including but not limited to: standard deviation, measurement counts, pixel time, Sigma-0 error, and average incidence angle. This dataset was once distributed on tape, but has been made available on FTP thanks to the BYU SCP. For more information, please visit: http://www.scp.byu.edu/docs/ERS_user_notes.html
ERS-2 Gridded Level 3 Enhanced Resolution Sigma-0 from BYU
Greenland
A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 3 Collated (L3C) dataset derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the European Meteorological Operational-A (MetOp-A) platform (launched 19 Oct 2006). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near real time from Metop/AVHRR. Global AVHRR level 1b data are acquired at Meteo-France/Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system. SST is retrieved from the AVHRR infrared channels (3.7, 10.8 and 12.0 micrometer) using a multispectral algorithm. Atmospheric profiles of water vapor and temperature from a numerical weather prediction model, together with a radiatiave transfer model, are used to correct the multispectral algorithm for regional and seasonal biases due to changing atmospheric conditions. This global L3C product isderived from full resolution AVHRR l1b data that are re-mapped onto a 0.05 degree grid twice daily. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2.
AVHRR NAR SST data set
GHRSST L3C global sub-skin Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on Metop satellites (currently Metop-A) (GDS V2) produced by OSI SAF
The Sensory Data Record (SDR) is similar to the GDR product except that it also contains waveforms, which are required for retracking. This is an expert level product. If you do not need the waveforms then the GDR should suit your needs.
TOPEX_ALTSDR
TOPEX ALTIMETER SENSOR DATA RECORD
WAVEFORM
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, thermal-IR SST level 3, 4km, 8-day, daytime product.
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 4km Daytime v2014.0
The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) was launched on 4 May 2002, aboard NASA's Aqua spacecraft. The National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) provided AMSR-E to NASA as an indispensable part of Aqua's global hydrology mission. Over the oceans, AMSR-E is measuring a number of important geophysical parameters, including sea surface temperature (SST), wind speed, atmospheric water vapor, cloud water, and rain rate. A key feature of AMSR-E is its capability to see through clouds, thereby providing an uninterrupted view of global SST and surface wind fields. Remote Sensing Systems (RSS, or REMSS) is the provider of these SST data for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Project, performs a detailed processing of AMSR-E instrument data in two stages. The first stage produces a near-real-time (NRT) product (identified by "_rt_" within the file name) which is made as available as soon as possible. This is generally within 3 hours of when the data are recorded. Although suitable for many timely uses the NRT products are not intended to be archive quality. "Final" data (currently identified by "v7" within the file name) are processed when RSS receives the atmospheric model National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Final Analysis (FNL) Operational Global Analysis. The NCEP wind directions are particularly useful for retrieving more accurate SSTs and wind speeds. This dataset adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.
AQUA AMSRE
AMSRE 25km gridded SST data set
GHRSST Level 3U Global Subskin Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Scanning Microwave Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) on the NASA Aqua Satellite
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is an oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-1 campaign involved a series of 5 cruises during 2012 - 2013 seeking to characterize the salinity structure and balance in a high salinity, high evaporation, and low rainfall region of the subtropical North Atlantic. It aims to resolve processes responsible for maintaining the subtropical surface salinity maximum in this region and within a 900 x 800-mile square study area centered at 25N, 38W. The Ecomapper or IVER is a portable autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) capable carrying a range of sensor payloads. For SPURS-1 these included CTD, chlorophyll, oxygen and turbidity sensors. Ecomapper was deployed on two days during the Knorr cruise, 29 and 30 September 2012. The resulting Knorr Ecomapper data files include deployment event information and contain trajectory-depth profile series of chlorophyll, turbidity, oxygen, conductivity, with salinity, and temperature observations from two sensors.
Ecomapper data for the SPURS-1 N. Atlantic field campaign
SPURS Field Campaign Ecomapper Products
Ecomapper Dissolved Oxygen
Ecomapper Turbidity
SPURS-I WHOI Ecomapper
OXYGEN METERS
Ecomapper
TURBIDITY METERS
TURBIDITY
CHLOROPHYLL
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODST-1D4N4
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 4km Nighttime
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 4km Nighttime V2019.0
This dataset is a time series of mass variability averaged over all of the global ocean. It provides the non-steric or mass only sea level changes over time. The mass variability are derived from JPL GRACE Mascon Ocean, Ice, and Hydrology Equivalent Water Height RL06Mv02 CRI Filtered Version 2, which can be found at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/TELLUS_GRAC-GRFO_MASCON_CRI_GRID_RL06_V2. A more detailed description on the Mascon solution, including the mathematical derivation, implementation of geophysical constraints, and solution validation, please see Watkins et al., 2015, doi: 10.1002/2014JB011547. The mass variability are provided as an ASCII table.
Tellus Level-4 Ocean Mass Anomaly Time Series from JPL GRACE/GRACE-FO Mascon CRI Filtered Release 06
Tellus Level-4 Ocean Mass Anomaly Time Series from JPL GRACE/GRACE-FO Mascon CRI Filtered Release 06 version 02
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged overdaily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Monthly sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius dataset. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Monthly Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is theSeasonal, Ascending wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Data V5.0
This dataset polar-stereographic-gridded, daily averaged Sigma-0 retrievals over the Antarctic Polar region from the SeaWinds L1B retrievals, which are generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU); the processed files are therefore known as SIR files. The SeaWinds scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. The SIR files are separated according to polarization. For example, one SIR file for a particular day will contain the gridded average Sigma-0 values for the horizontally polarized L1B retrievals, while the other will contain those from the vertically polarized L1B retrievals. These SIR files were also used to generate a complimentary dataset of GIF images representing the daily averaged Sigma-0, which is meant for browse purposes only and available here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SEAWINDS_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ANTARCTICA_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_IMAGES. An expanded version of this dataset includes the full daily Sigma-0 statistcs: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SEAWINDS_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ANTARCTICA_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_FULL. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
SeaWinds on ADEOS-II Level 3 Sigma-0 Polar-Stereographic Browse Maps (Reduced) of Antarctica
The NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) Level 3 Mean Wind Fields dataset is produced and distributed by IFREMER/CERSAT. Weekly and monthly mean ocean surface wind vectors, wind stress, wind divergence, and stress curl fields are provided on a global 1x1 degree grid. Standard errors of each parameter are also computed and provided as complimentary gridded fields. An objective statistical interpolation is performed to reconstruct gap-filled and averaged synoptic fields from discrete observations over each time period. This dataset is part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) package.
IFREMER/CERSAT
NSCAT Level 3 Gridded Mean Wind Fields (IFREMER)
Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Center d'Exploitation et de Recherche Satellitaire
Weekly to Monthly
STRESS
CNR MED Sea Surface Temperature provides daily gap-free maps (L4) at 0.01 deg. x 0.01 deg. horizontal resolution over the Black Sea. The data are obtained from infra-red measurements collected by satellite radiometers and statistical interpolation. It is the CMEMS sea surface temperature nominal operational product for the Black sea.
Black Sea Ultra High Resolution SST L4 Analysis 0.01 deg Resolution
Black Sea Ultra High Resolution SST L4 Analysis 0.01 deg daily
This dataset contains Level 2B science-quality ocean surface wind vector retrievals from the SeaWinds on ADEOS-II scatterometer. The retrievals are provided on a non-uniform grid within the swath at 25 km pixel resolution. Each L2B file corresponds to a specific orbital revolution (rev) number, which begins at the southernmost point of the ascending orbit. The granule metadata is consistent with the QuikSCAT L2B dataset, with exception of the amsr_rain_indicator provided by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) instrument aboard the ADEOS-II spacecraft. Also, the wvc_quality_flag utilizes bits 2-6 for AMSR-related data quality assessment; these bits are left empty in the QuikSCAT L2B wvc_quality_flag variable. An ASCII inline quality report (Q2B) has been generated for each L2B file; each Q2B file provides statistics of various quality elements pertaining to the processing of a specific L2B file. This is the official dataset produced by the QuikSCAT Project through the SeaWinds Processing and Analysis Center (SeaPAC).
SeaWinds on ADEOS-II Level 2B Ocean Wind Vectors in 25 Km Swath Grid
GHRSST Level 2P Global 1m Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-19 satellite produced by NAVO
The Jason-1 Geophysical Data Records (GDR) contain full accuracy altimeter data to measure sea surface height, with a high precision orbit (accuracy ~1.5 cm). The instruments on Jason-1 make direct observations of the following quantities: altimeter range, significant wave height, ocean radar backscatter cross-section (a measure of wind speed), ionospheric electron content (derived by a simple formula), tropospheric water content, mean sea surface, and position relative to the GPS satellite constellation. The GDR contain all relevant corrections needed to calculate the sea surface height. Sea surface height anomalies calculation and recommended data edit criteria are specified in the Jason-1 GDR User Handbook located in PO.DAAC Drive at https://podaac-tools.jpl.nasa.gov/drive/files/allData/jason1/L2/gdr_netcdf_e/docs/Handbook_Jason-1_v5.0_Sept2015.pdf
Jason-1 GDR netCDF
Jason-1 Geophysical Data Record (GDR) NetCDF
Jason-1 GDR version E NetCDF
Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite
DORIS
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, thermal-IR SST level 3, 4km, annual, nighttime product.
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 4km Nighttime v2014.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS)rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the 28-Day running mean, rain-flagged rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image 28-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image 28-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
This dataset is derived under the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) project and contains value-added Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMIS) ocean surface winds from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F17 platform. The CCMP datasets combine cross-calibrated satellite winds obtained from Remote Sensing Systems (REMSS) using a Variational Analysis Method (VAM) to produce a high-resolution (0.25 degree) gridded analysis. Wind directions from the resulting analysis are assigned to the location and time of the satellite-derived wind speed observations to create this value added dataset. The CCMP data set includes cross-calibrated satellite winds derived from SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR-E, TRMM TMI, QuikSCAT, SeaWinds, WindSat and other satellite instruments as they become available from REMSS. REMSS uses a cross-calibrated sea-surface emissivity model function which improves the consistency between wind speed retrievals from microwave radiometers (i.e., SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR, TMI, and WindSat) and those from scatterometers (i.e., QuikSCAT and SeaWinds). The VAM combines these data with in situ measurements and a starting estimate (first guess) of the wind field. The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-40 Reanalysis is used as the first-guess from 1987 to 1998. The ECMWF Operational analysis is used from January 1999 onward. All wind observations and analysis fields are referenced to a height of 10 meters. The ERA-40 can be obtained from the Computation and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR): http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds117.0/. The ECMWF Operational analysis can also be obtained from CISL at NCAR: http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds111.1/. Three products are distributed to complete the CCMP dataset series. L3.0 product contains high-resolution analyses every 6-hours. These data are then time averaged over monthly and 5-day periods to derive the L3.5 product. Directions from the L3.0 product are then assigned to the time and location of the passive microwave satellite wind speed observations to derive the L2.5 product. All datasets are distributed on a 0.25 degree cylindrical coordinate grid. This dataset is one in a series of First-Look (FLK) CCMP datasets and is a continuation and expansion of the SSM/I surface wind velocity project that began under the NASA Pathfinder Program. Refinements and upgrades to the FLK version will be incorporated under a new release (date to be determined) known as Late-look (LLK) and may include additional satellite datasets. All satellite surface wind data are obtained from REMSS under the DISCOVER project: Distributed Information Services: Climate/Ocean Products and Visualizations for Earth Research (http://www.discover-earth.org/index.html). The CCMP project is the result of an investigation funded by the NASA Making Earth Science data records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program (http://community.eosdis.nasa.gov/measures/). In accordance with the MEaSUREs program, the CCMP datasets are also known as Earth System Data Records (ESDRs). In collaboration with private and government institutions, a team led by Dr. Robert Atlas (PI; proposal originally solicited by REASoN, and currently funded by MEaSURES) has created the CCMP project to provide multi-instrument ocean surface wind velocity ESDRs, with wide ranging research applications in meteorology and oceanography.
Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform Ocean Surface Wind Vector L2.5 First-Look SSMIS-F17 Microwave Analyses
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped mid-Infrared SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 3 and 4 mid-IR bands (MODIS channels 20,21,22 and 23). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, mid-IR SST level 3, 9km, daily, nighttime product.
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST MID-IR Daily 9km Nighttime v2014.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution derived density averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the seasonal climatology, sea surface densityproduct for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Climatology Data V5.0
FOR EXPERT USE ONLY. This dataset contains estimates of the total month-by-month geopotential of the Earth, derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) mission measurements, produced by the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ). The data are provided in spherical harmonic coefficients, averaged over approximately a month. The primary objective of the GRACE-FO mission is to obtain accurate estimates of the mean and time-variable components of the gravity field and corresponding Earth mass change variations, such as from polar ice sheets and mountain glaciers; total water storage on land (from groundwater changes in deep aquifers to changes in soil moisture and surface water); changes in deep ocean currents; and changes within the solid Earth itself, such as postglacial rebound and the impact of major earthquakes. This objective is achieved by making continuous measurements of the change in distance between twin spacecraft, co-orbiting in about 490 km altitude, near circular, polar orbit, spaced approximately 220+/-50 km apart, using a microwave ranging system. In addition to these inter-satellite range changes, the non-gravitational forces acting on each satellite are measured using a high accuracy electrostatic accelerometer. The satellite orientation and position (and timing) are precisely measured using star cameras (with three heads per satellite) and a GPS receiver. Spatial and temporal variations in the gravity field perturb the orbits (or trajectories) of the twin spacecraft differently. These differences lead to minute changes (on the order of tens of micrometers per second) in the distance between the spacecraft as they orbit the Earth. This change in distance (or range rate) is reflected in the time-of-flight of microwave signals transmitted and received nearly simultaneously between the two spacecraft. The change in this time of fight is continuously measured by tracking the phase of the microwave carrier signals. The so called dual-one-way range change measurements can be reconstructed from these phase measurements. This range change (or its numerically derived derivatives), along with other mission and ancillary data, is subsequently analyzed to extract the geopotential coefficients of an Earth gravity field model, typically on a per-month basis.
GRACE-FO Level-2 Monthly Geopotential Spherical Harmonics GFZ
GRACEFO_L2_GFZ_MONTHLY_0060
GRACE-FO Level-2 Monthly Geopotential Spherical Harmonics GFZ Release 6.0 (RL06)
GRACE-FO/GFZ
Monthly
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution density data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the mission series mean or cumulative, Descending seasurface density product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Descending Mission Cumulative Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Descending Mission Cumulative Data V5.0
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is an oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-1 campaign involved a series of 5 cruises during 2012 - 2013 seeking to characterize the salinity structure and balance in a high salinity, high evaporation, and low rainfall region of the subtropical North Atlantic. It aims to resolve processes responsible for maintaining the subtropical surface salinity maximum in this region and within a 900 x 800-mile square study area centered at 25N, 38W. All SPURS-1 vessels were equipped with a thermosalinograph (TSG). A TSG is an automated measurement system that is coupled to a research vessel's water intake and GPS systems to provide continuous, along-track surface temperature and salinity measurements. Each SPURS cruise employed TSGs whose measurements were calibrated against onboard salinometers. TSG data files are one per cruise. Note that Knorr TSG data are contained coupled in the same file as its shipborne meteorological observations.
SPURS-1 research vessel Thermosalinograph series data for N. Atlantic cruises
SPURS Field Campaign TSG Products
SPURS Ship-based Meteorological package (eg. Vaisala WXT520 on RV.Knorr)
SPURS_METEO
The Jason-1 Geophysical Data Records (GDR) Geodetic Mission contain full accuracy altimeter data, with a high precision orbit, provided approximately 35 days after data collection. The data are sorted into cycles that are approximately 11 days long and contain 280 pass files. The instruments on Jason-1 make direct observations of the following quantities: altimeter range, significant wave height, ocean radar backscatter cross-section (a measure of wind speed), ionospheric electron content (derived by a simple formula), tropospheric water content, mean sea surface, and position relative to the GPS satellite constellation. The GDR contain all relevant corrections needed to calculate the sea surface height.
Jason-1 GDR netCDF Geodetic
JASON-1_L2_OST_GPN_E_GEODETIC
Jason-1 GDR version E NetCDF Geodetic
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is an oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-1 campaign involved a series of 5 cruises during 2012 - 2013 seeking to characterize the salinity structure and balance in a high salinity, high evaporation, and low rainfall region of the subtropical North Atlantic. It aims to resolve processes responsible for maintaining the subtropical surface salinity maximum in this region and within a 900 x 800-mile square study area centered at 25N, 38W. The Seasoar is a towed vehicle equipped with impeller-forced wings that can be rotated on command to allow the vehicle to undulate in the upper ocean. Generally, Seasoar operates between the surface and about 400 meters depth while being towed on faired cable at about eight knots. A typical dive cycle takes about 12 minutes to complete, providing an up and down profile every 3 km. For SPURS-1, a Seasoar was deployed exclusively during the Sarmiento cruise over the period 22 Mar-8 Apr, 2013 and to a maximum depth of 312m. The Seasoar towed sensor system was equipped with dual pumped temperature/conductivity sensors. The Seasoar data in netCDF form here contains a highly processed 1-meter gridded version of the original source dataset, which is comprised of temperature, conductivity, salinity, pressure observations from 1144 casts during 2013 Spring SPURS Cruise.
Seasoar CTD data for the SPURS-1 N. Atlantic field campaign
SPURS Field Campaign Seasoar Products
ICM-CSIC Barcelona Sarmento SeaSoar
Seasoar
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODTM-MO9N4
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST MID-IR Monthly 9km Nighttime
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST MID-IR Monthly 9km Nighttime V2019.0
This is the PI-produced JPL SMAP-SSS V4.3, level 2B NRT CAP, validated sea surface salinity (SSS) and extreme winds orbital/swath product from the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) observatory available in near real-time with a latency of about 6 hours. It is based on the Combined Active-Passive (CAP) retrieval algorithm developed at JPL originally in the context of Aquarius/SAC-D and now extended to SMAP. Improvements with V4.3 include: 1) New residual TB calibration which removes the ascending/descending bias issue observed for version 4.2; 2) Slightly modified criteria for aggregation from L2B to L3 based on TB for V-pol minus TB for H-pol. The JPL SMAP-SSS L2B CAP NRT product includes data for a range of parameters: derived SMAP sea surface salinity, SSS uncertainty and wind speed/direction data for extreme winds, brightness temperatures for each radiometer polarization, ancillary reference surface salinity, ice concentration, wind and wave height data, quality flags, and navigation data. Each data file covers one 98-minute orbit (15 files per day). Data begins on April 1,2015 and is ongoing, with a 6 hour latency in processing and availability. Observations are global in extent and provided at 25km swath grid with an approximate spatial resolution of 60 km.The SMAP satellite is in a near-polar orbit at an inclination of 98 degrees and an altitude of 685 km. It has an ascending node time of 6 pm and is sun-synchronous. With its 1000km swath, SMAP achieves global coverage in approximately 3 days, but has an exact orbit repeat cycle of 8 days. On board Instruments include a highly sensitive L-band radiometer operating at 1.41GHz and an L-band 1.26GHz radar sensor providing complementary active and passive sensing capabilities. Malfunction of the SMAP scatterometer on 7 July, 2015, has necessitated the use of collocated wind speed for the surface roughness correction required for the surface salinity retrieval.
JPL SMAP Level 2B Near Real-time CAP Sea Surface Salinity Validated Dataset
JPL SMAP Level 2B Near Real-time CAP Sea Surface Salinity V4.3 Validated Dataset
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, andseasonal time scales. This particular data set is the seasonal climatology, Descending rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Climatology Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, Annual, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the Annual, descending ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Descending Annual Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Descending Annual Data V5.0
This dataset contains estimates of static field geopotential of the Earth derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission measurements, produced by the Center of Space Research (CSR) at University of Texas at Austin. The data are in spherical harmonics averaged over 2003-2006. The primary objective of the GRACE mission is to obtain accurate estimates of the mean and time-variable components of the Earths gravity field variations. This objective is achieved by making continuous measurements of the change in distance between twin spacecraft, co-orbiting in about 500 km altitude, near circular, polar orbit, spaced approximately 200 km apart, using a microwave ranging system. In addition to these range change, the non-gravitional forces are measured on each satellite using a high accuracy electrostatic, room-temperature accelerometer. The satellite orientation and position (and timing) are precisely measured using twin star cameras and a GPS receiver, respectively. Spatial and temporal variations in the Earths gravity field affect the orbits (or trajectories) of the twin spacecraft differently. These differences are manifested as changes in the distance between the spacecraft, as they orbit the Earth. This change in distance is reflected in the time-of-flight of microwave signals transmitted and received nearly simultaneously between the two spacecraft. The change in this time of fight is continuously measured by tracking the phase of the microwave carrier signals. The so called dual-one-way range change measurements can be reconstructed from these phase measurements. This range change (or its numerically derived derivatives), along with other mission and ancillary data, is subsequently analyzed to extract the parameters of an Earth gravity field model.
GRACE STATIC FIELD GEOPOTENTIAL COEFFICIENTS CSR
GRACE_MEAN_L2_GRAV_CSR_RL05
GRACE STATIC FIELD GEOPOTENTIAL COEFFICIENTS AVERAGED OVER A LONG TIME SERIES CSR RELEASE 5.0
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonaltime scales. This particular data set is the 28-Day running mean, wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image 28-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image 28-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, thermal-IR SST level 3, 9km, daily, daytime product.
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 9km Daytime v2014.0
This dataset contains the RapidScat Level 2B 12.5km Version 2.0 Climate quality ocean surface wind vectors. The Level 2B wind vectors are binned on a 12.5 km Wind Vector Cell (WVC) grid and processed using the using the "full aperture" normalized radar cross-section (NRCS, a.k.a. Sigma-0) from the L1B dataset. RapidScat is a Ku-band dual beam circular rotating scatterometer retaining much of the same hardware and functionality of QuikSCAT, with exception of the antenna sub-system and digital interface to the International Space Station (ISS) Columbus module, which is where RapidScat is mounted. The NASA mission is officially referred to as ISS-RapidScat. Unlike QuikSCAT, ISS-RapidScat is not in sun-synchronous orbit, and flies at roughly half the altitude with a low inclination angle that restricts data coverage to the tropics and mid-latitude regions; the extent of latitudinal coverage stretches from approximately 61 degrees North to 61 degrees South. Furthermore, there is no consistent local time of day retrieval. The new version has two important improvements over the previous version 1.0. First, an SST-dependent GMF developed by Lucrezia Ricciardulli of Remote Sensing Systems is used in wind retrieval in order to fix persistent speed biases in Ku-band data over cold ocean. Second, flagging is simplified and extra flags are provided. All the previously existing flags are still there and still reflect the same meaning and purpose. A new single bit wind_retrieval_likely_corrupted_flag specifies the approximately 3% of the data which is known to have suboptimal performance due to rain, ice, or a few other rare anomalous cases. Another bit wind_retrieval_possibly_corrupted_flag specifies the approximately 15% of the data near rain, near ice, or near the coast, that is thought to be high quality but may not match up well with numerical wind models due to either remaining rain/ice/land contamination or variability in the winds near ice, rain, and coasts that are not reflected in the NWPs. In addition to these two new bits, copious quality information is provided in the data to allow users to tailor flags to meet their own needs. There is also an added a global attribute called rev_status that specifies whether the RapidScat Instrument was in the original (highest data quality) high SNR mode, or one of the four low SNR time periods, the latter of which indicates the accuracy of winds below 5 m/s is degraded. This attribute also serves to identify MARGINAL orbits in which there are large gaps in the data record due to suboptimal spacecraft attitude. Other than gaps in the data, the accuracy of the winds in the MARGINAL orbits are similar to other orbits. This dataset is provided in netCDF-4 format and made available via FTP and OPeNDAP. For data access, please click on the "Data Access" tab above.
Rapidscat Level 2B Climate Ocean Wind Vectors in 12.5km Footprints Version 2.0
The Gridded Altimeter Fields with Enhanced Coastal Coverage data product contains Sea Surface Height Anomalies (SSHA or SLA) and zonal and meridional geostrophic velocities for the US west coast encompassing 35.25 deg-48.5 deg N latitude and 227.75 deg-248.5 deg E longitude. This annually updated data product extends from October 14, 1992 through November 4, 2009. SSHA and current velocities are derived from the AVISO quarter degree DT UPD MSLA version 3.0 grids, 0.75 deg and greater away from the coast. Values within 0.75 deg of the coast are derived from tide gauge observations and interpolated out to the altimeter filled region. Details on how these data are derived can be found in: Saraceno, M., P. T. Strub, and P. M. Kosro (2008), Estimates of sea surface height and near-surface alongshore coastal currents from combinations of altimeters and tide gauges, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C11013, doi:10.1029/2008JC004756.
Gridded Altimeter Fields with Enhanced Coastal Coverage
ALT_TIDE_GAUGE_L4_OST_SLA_US_WEST_COAST
Craig Risin and P. Ted Strub
preview
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution density data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the monthly climatology,Ascending sea surface density product for version 5.0. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Climatology Data V5.0
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODSA-MO9D4
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 9km Daytime
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 9km Daytime V2019.0
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on an operational basis by the Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI) using an optimal interpolation (OI) approach on a global 0.05 degree grid. The analysis is based upon nighttime GHRSST L2P skin and subskin SST observations from several satellites. The sensors include the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2), the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Aqua. An ice field from the EUMETSAT OSI-SAF is used to mask out areas with ice. This dataset adheres to the version 2 GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS).
GHRSST Level 4 DMI_OI Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis (GDS version 2)
DMI Global L4 Sea Surface Temperature analysis
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set isthe seasonal climatology, Descending wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Climatology Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the Annual, Descending sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Descending Annual Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Descending Annual Data V5.0
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, thermal-IR SST level 3, 4km, daily, nighttime product.
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 4km Nighttime v2014.0
This dataset contains polar-stereographic-gridded Sigma-0 retrievals over the Arctic Polar region from SeaWinds on QuikSCAT retrievals subsetted and averaged twice daily at the local time-of-day (LTOD); local times are approximately morning (00:00 to 08:00 local) and evening (16:00 to 24:00 local). The eight hour interval at each LTOD reference of morning vs. evening corresponds to the natural boundaries of time separation within the data at polar latitudes. Hence, morning and evening are used as approximations for the LTOD reference, where the actual LTOD may vary within the respective 8 hour interval. This dataset is generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU); the processed files are therefore known as SIR files. These SIR files were also used to generate a complimentary dataset of GIF images meant for browse purposes only and is available here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ARCTIC_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_IMAGES_LTOD. The QuikSCAT scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. The SIR files are separated according to polarization. For example, one SIR file for a particular day and LTOD will contain the gridded average Sigma-0 values for the horizontally polarized L1B retrievals, while the other will contain those from the vertically polarized L1B retrievals. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
QuikSCAT Sigma-0 Daily Local-Time-of-Day Browse (BYU)
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 3 Sigma-0 Polar-Stereographic Local-Time-of-Day Browse Maps of Arctic Region
Contains three parameters: ocean near-surface wind speed, columnar water vapor, and columnar liquid water. Product is produced by Frank Wentz at Remote Sensing Systems using data obtained from the Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR). Observations within 100 km of land are excluded; ice flags are also utilized. Data is obtained from all 10 individual SMMR channels, which closely correspond to the SMM/I channels and utilizing the same processing algorithms that were used to produce similar products derived from SSM/I observations (see PO.DAAC products 33 and 34).
NIMBUS-7 SMMR GLOBAL AIR-SEA PARAMETERS IN SWATH (Wentz)
Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer
NIMBUS-7
Nimbus-7
SMMR
FOR EXPERT USE ONLY. This dataset contains estimates of the total month-by-month geopotential of the Earth, derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) mission measurements, produced by the Center for Space Research (CSR) at University of Texas at Austin. The data are provided in spherical harmonic coefficients, averaged over approximately a month. The primary objective of the GRACE-FO mission is to obtain accurate estimates of the mean and time-variable components of the gravity field and corresponding Earth mass change variations, such as from polar ice sheets and mountain glaciers; total water storage on land (from groundwater changes in deep aquifers to changes in soil moisture and surface water); changes in deep ocean currents; and changes within the solid Earth itself, such as postglacial rebound and the impact of major earthquakes. This objective is achieved by making continuous measurements of the change in distance between twin spacecraft, co-orbiting in about 490 km altitude, near circular, polar orbit, spaced approximately 220+/-50 km apart, using a microwave ranging system. In addition to these inter-satellite range changes, the non-gravitational forces acting on each satellite are measured using a high accuracy electrostatic accelerometer. The satellite orientation and position (and timing) are precisely measured using star cameras (with three heads per satellite) and a GPS receiver. Spatial and temporal variations in the gravity field perturb the orbits (or trajectories) of the twin spacecraft differently. These differences lead to minute changes (on the order of tens of micrometers per second) in the distance between the spacecraft as they orbit the Earth. This change in distance (or range rate) is reflected in the time-of-flight of microwave signals transmitted and received nearly simultaneously between the two spacecraft. The change in this time of fight is continuously measured by tracking the phase of the microwave carrier signals. The so called dual-one-way range change measurements can be reconstructed from these phase measurements. This range change (or its numerically derived derivatives), along with other mission and ancillary data, is subsequently analyzed to extract the geopotential coefficients of an Earth gravity field model, typically on a per-month basis.
GRACE-FO Level-2 Monthly Geopotential Spherical Harmonics CSR
GRACEFO_L2_CSR_MONTHLY_0060
GRACE-FO Level-2 Monthly Geopotential Spherical Harmonics CSR Release 6.0 (RL06)
GFZ TELLUS GRACE Level-3 Monthly Land Water-Equivalent-Thickness Surface Mass Anomaly Release 6.0 in netCDF/ASCII/GeoTIFF Formats
TELLUS_GRAC_L3_GFZ_RL06_LND_v03
GFZ TELLUS GRACE Level-3 Monthly Land Water-Equivalent-Thickness Surface Mass Anomaly Release 6.0 version 03 in netCDF/ASCII/GeoTIFF Formats
Day and night spatially gridded global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODST-MO4N4
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 4km Nighttime
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 4km Nighttime V2019.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution density data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Seasonal, Descending sea surface densityproduct for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Data V5.0
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is an oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-1 campaign involved a series of 5 cruises during 2012 - 2013 seeking to characterize the salinity structure and balance in a high salinity, high evaporation, and low rainfall region of the subtropical North Atlantic. It aims to resolve processes responsible for maintaining the subtropical surface salinity maximum in this region and within a 900 x 800-mile square study area centered at 25N, 38W. Neutrally buoyant floats drift and move through the water column providing continuous temperature and salinity profiles via 2 integrated CTDs and GPS surface position location data. Two floats were deployed during SPURS-1, one during the Knorr cruise in September 2012 another deployed during the April 2013 Endeavor cruise. Recoveries were in April and September 2013 respectively. Neutrally buoyant float trajectory profile data include georeferenced time series of salinity, temperature, and pressure/depth observations.
Neutrally buoyant float data for the SPURS-1 N. Atlantic field campaign
SPURS-1 Field Campaign Neutrally Buoyant Float Data Products
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and countercurrent. The SPURS central mooring consisted of a surface meteorological package, surface oceanographic instruments, and subsurface, non-real time oceanographic instruments including CTD, ADCP sensors and point current meters providing continuous series of temperature, salinity and current profile data. Meteorological observations included wind speed, air temperature, precipitation, and radiative flux. The mooring was deployed in 4769 m depth of water on 24 August 2016, at N10:03.0481, W125:01.939, and was recovered on November 11, 2017. WHOI mooring netCDF data files include surface and subsurface time series of sea temperature, skin temperature, salinity, conductivity, wind velocity, air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation rate, barometric pressure, shortwave and longwave radiation, short/longwave flux, heat Flux, wind Speed and direction.
Farrar, J.T.
SPURS-2 Central mooring CTD, surface flux and meterorological data for the E. Tropical Pacific field campaign
FRESH WATER FLUX
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, Daily, and Daily time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the Daily, descending ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Descending Daily Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Descending Daily Data V5.0
This dataset contains polar-stereographic-gridded Sigma-0 retrieval statistics over the Arctic Polar region from the QuikSCAT L1B retrievals, which are generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU); the processed files are therefore known as SIR files. The QuikSCAT scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. The SIR files are all contained within a single tar file for a given day. When the tar file is unpacked, the individual SIR files are separated according to polarization and the corresponding retrieval statistic (i.e., daily average, standard deviation, and daily measurement counts). Consequently, there are 6 SIR files contained within each unpacked tar file. These SIR files were also used to generate a complimentary dataset of GIF images representing the daily averaged Sigma-0, which is meant for browse purposes only and available here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ARCTIC_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_IMAGES. An additional complimentary dataset includes a reduced version of these Sigma-0 retrieval statistics by providing only the daily Sigma-0 average: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ARCTIC_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_LITE. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
Dataset Policy created for QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ARCTIC_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_FULL
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 3 Sigma-0 Polar-Stereographic Browse Maps (Complete) of Arctic Region
Saildrone is a wind and solar powered unmanned surface vehicle (USV) capable of long distance deployments lasting up to 12 months and providing high quality, near real-time, multivariate surface ocean and atmospheric observations while transiting at typical speeds of 3-5 knots. The drone is autonomous in that it may be guided remotely from land while being completely wind driven. The saildrone Baja campaign was a 60-day cruise from San Francisco Bay, down along the US/Mexico coast to Guadalupe Island and back again over the period 11 April 2018 to 11 June 2018. Repeat surveys were taken around NDBC moored buoys, and during the final week of the cruise a targeted front was sampled. Scientific objectives included studies of upwelling and frontal region dynamics, air-sea interactions, and diurnal warming effects, while its validation objectives included establishing the utility of data from the saildrone platform for assessment of satellite data accuracy and model assimilation. During the Baja campaign, the single deployed saildrone was equipped with a suite of instruments that included a CTD, IR pyrometer, fluorometer, dissolved oxygen sensor, anemometer, barometer, and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). Additionally, four temperature data loggers were positioned vertically along hull to provide further information on thermal variability near the ocean surface.This Saildrone Baja dataset is comprised of one data file with the saildrone platform telemetry and near-surface observational data (air temperature, sea surface skin and bulk temperatures, salinity, oxygen and chlorophyll-a concentrations, barometric pressure, wind speed and direction) for the entire cruise at 1 minute temporal resolution. A second file contains the ADCP current vector data that is depth-resolved to 100m at 2m intervals and binned temporally at 5 minute resolution. All data files are in netCDF format and CF/ACDD compliant consistent with the NOAA/NCEI specification.
Saildrone Baja field campaign surface and ADCP measurements
Saildrone Baja Field Campaign Products
Saildrone Baja Field Campaign
Saildrone Baja
1 and 5 minutes
This dataset contains GIF images of global, rectangular-gridded, daily averaged Sigma-0 retrievals from the SeaWinds L1B retrievals, which are generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU). The SeaWinds scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. The GIF image files are separated according to polarization, and the averaged Sigma-0 measurements are displayed in grayscale with no color bar. Very bright areas indicate high Sigma-0 averages. These SIR files were also used to generate a complimentary dataset of GIF images representing the daily averaged Sigma-0, which is meant for browse purposes only and available here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SEAWINDS_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_GLOBAL_RECTANGULAR_BROWSE_IMAGES. An additional complimentary dataset includes a reduced version of these Sigma-0 retrieval statistics by providing only the daily Sigma-0 average: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SEAWINDS_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_GLOBAL_RECTANGULAR_BROWSE_MAPS_LITE. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
SeaWinds on ADEOS-II Level 3 Sigma-0 Global Rectangular Browse Maps (Complete)
The Visible and Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is a multi-disciplinary instrument that is being flown on the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) series of spacecraft, including the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) that launched in October 2011. JPSS is a multi-platform, multi-agency program that consolidates the polar orbiting spacecraft of NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). S-NPP is the initial spacecraft in this series, and VIIRS is the successor to MODIS for Earth science data product generation. VIIRS has 22 spectral bands ranging from 412 nm to 12 µm. There are 16 moderate-resolution bands (750m at nadir), 5 image-resolution bands (375m), and one day-night band (DNB).
GHRSST Level 2P Global Sea Surface Temperature from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on the Suomi NPP satellite (GDS version 2)
This dataset contains the Version 1.2 ISS-RapidScat on Level 2A 12.5 km science data record, which provides surface-flagged sigma-0 in 12.5 km Wind Vector Cells processed using the pulse "slice" Sigma-0 data provided by the Level 1B dataset. Version 1.2 is intended as a replacement and continuation of the Version 1.1 data forward from orbital revolution number 5127, corresponding to 19 August 2015; the overlapping time period starting on 19 August 2015 corresponds to the first time period of the recorded low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This Version 1.2 dataset differs from the previous Version 1.1 dataset as follows: 1) L1B sigma-0 has been re-calibrated during the periods of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and 2) during low SNR periods the L1B sigma-0 calibration is determined using re-pointed L1B QuikSCAT data. Due to the circular scan of the RapidScat instrument the expected number of Sigma-0 cells per WVC is not constant. To minimize the L2A data volume, the Sigma-0 cell data are stored as "lists" for each WVC row, with each list indexed by a "cell_index" array to indicate the cross-track WVC membership of the data. Each cell is then checked for land or ice and flagged accordingly. Attenuation corrections for each Sigma-0 measurement are also provided. Data are provided in single-orbit files in HDF-4 format. RapidScat is a Ku-band dual beam circular rotating scatterometer retaining much of the same hardware and functionality of QuikSCAT, with exception of the antenna sub-system and digital interface to the International Space Station (ISS) Columbus module, which is where RapidScat is mounted. The NASA mission is officially referred to as ISS-RapidScat. Unlike QuikSCAT, ISS-RapidScat is not in sun-synchronous orbit, and flies at roughly half the altitude with a low inclination angle that restricts data coverage to the tropics and mid-latitude regions; the extent of latitudinal coverage stretches from approximately 61 degrees North to 61 degrees South. Furthermore, there is no consistent local time of day retrieval. If you have any questions or concerns, please visit our Forum at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/forum/.
RapidScat Level 2A Surface Flagged Sigma-0 and Attenuations in 12.5Km Swath Grid Version 1.2
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the Annual, Ascending rain-flagged rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Annual Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Annual Data V5.0
CNR MED Sea Surface Temperature provides daily gap-free maps (L4) at 0.0625 deg. x 0.0625 deg. horizontal resolution over the Black Sea. The data are obtained from infra-red measurements collected by satellite radiometers and statistical interpolation. It is the CMEMS sea surface temperature nominal operational product for the Black sea.
Black Sea High Resolution SST L4 Analysis 0.0625 deg Resolution
Black Sea High Resolution SST L4 Analysis 0.0625 deg daily
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODAM-AN9N4
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR Annual 9km Nighttime
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR Annual 9km Nighttime V2019.0
This dataset contains enhanced resolution gridded fields of the normalized radar cross-section (sigma-0) made from the SeaWinds on QuikSCAT L1B dataset using two different forms of the single-variate Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) algorithm: 1) for 'egg' sigma-0 measurements and 2) for 'slice' sigma-0 measurements, where the SIR with filtering (SIRF) algorithm is used. For 'egg' measurements, the full antenna/processing spatial response is used while a simplified spatial response function in which the spatial response is assumed to be 1 over the footprint and 0 elsewhere is used for 'slice' measurements. The SIR algorithm with 'eggs' makes images of sigma-0 at the measurement incidence angle at 4.5 km pixel resolution. The effective resolution varies depending on region and sampling conditions but is estimated to be 8-10 km in most areas. The SIRF algorithm with 'slices' makes images at 2.225 km pixel resolution with an estimated effective resolution of 6-8 km. It is worth noting that 'slice' measurements are inherently noisier than 'egg' measurements. This dataset has been pre-subsetted for the following regions: Alaska, Amazonia, Antarctica, Arctic, Australia, Bering Strait, Greenland, Central America, East China Sea, Sea of Japan, Europe, Indonesia, Northern Africa, North America, Southern Africa, South America, Southern Asia, and Siberia. Non-enhanced fields are also provided at lower resolution in a 'GRD' gridded format that does not utilize SIR processing; 'GRD' fields are provided at 11.125 km and 22.25 km pixel resolution for slices and eggs, respectively. In addition to Sigma-0, various statistical parameters are provided for added guidance, including but not limited to: standard deviation of incidence angle, mean incidence angle, measurement counts, pixel time, mean reconstruction error, and standard deviation of the reconstructed sigma-0. Sigma-0 fields are available for specific ascending/descending nodes, local time of day, or as a daily average. SIR-formatted land mask files (containing 0 for ocean and 1 for land) are available for each standard region. SIR-formatted files containing the gridded latitude and longitude pixel locations within each region are also available. All SIR files are produced in IEEE formatted binary and gzipped for ease of transfer and storage. Each SIR file adheres to a specific naming convention, as shown here: http://scp.byu.edu/docs/SIRfilename.html. Some additional user notes can be found here: http://www.scp.byu.edu/docs/QSCAT_user_notes.html.
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Enhanced Resolution Regionally Gridded Sigma-0 (BYU, D. Long)
South Africa
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped mid-Infrared SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 3 and 4 mid-IR bands (MODIS channels 20,21,22 and 23). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, mid-IR SST level 3, 9km, monthly, nighttime product.
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST MID-IR Monthly 9km Nighttime v2014.0
This dataset contains the spherical harmonic coefficients C(1,0), C(1,1), S(1,1) vs time. The degree 1 gravity coefficients were derived based on ocean and atmospheric models and GRACE coefficients for degrees 2 and higher (Swenson et al. 2008, Sun et al., 2016). The coefficients in this dataset represent the non-atmospheric land component of the degree 1 gravity coefficients, normalized using the GRACE and GRACE-FO standards. For land applications use, apply these coefficients with the GRACE / GRACE-FO GSM coefficients for degrees 2 and higher.. For ocean applications, add the degree 1 values found in the ocean bottom pressure dataset (GAD) to the degree 1 coefficients provided here. If you are interested in adding the full ocean, land and atmosphere coefficients, add the degree 1 values of the atmosphere/ocean dataset (GAC) to these values. Data format is similar to that for GSM, GAD and GAC files distributed by PO.DAAC. For more information, please visit: https://grace.jpl.nasa.gov/data/get-data/geocenter/.
TELLUS DEGREE 1 SPHERICAL HARMONIC COEFFICIENTS
TELLUS_1_DEG_COEF
A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on retrievals from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). This sensor resides on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi_NPP) satellite launched on 28 October 2011. VIIRS is a whiskbroom scanning radiometer which takes measurements in the cross-track direction within a field of regard of 112.56 degrees using 16 detectors and a double-sided mirror assembly. At a nominal altitude of 829 km, the swath width is 3060 km, providing full daily coverage both on the day and night side of the Earth.The VIIRS instrument is a 22-band, multi-spectral scanning radiometer that builds on the heritage of the MODIS , AVHRR and SeaWIFS sensors for sea surface temperature (SST) and ocean color. For the infrared bands for SST the effective pixel size is 750 meters at nadir and the pixel size variation across the swath is constrained to no more than 1600 meters at the edge of the swath. This L2P SST v3.0 is upgraded from the v2.0 with several significant improvements in processing algorithms, including contamination detection, cloud detection, and data format upgrades. It contains the global near daily-coverage Sea Surface Temperature at 1-meter depth with 750 m (along) x 750 m (cross) spatial resolution in swath coordinates. Each netCDF file has 768 x 3200 pixels in size, in compliance with the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.
GHRSST Level 2P 1 m Depth Global Sea Surface Temperature version 3.0 from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on the Suomi NPP satellite (GDS2)
A global 1 km Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on the European Meteorological Operational-A (MetOp-A）satellite （launched 19 Oct 2006). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT),Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near realtime from METOP/IASI. The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) measures inthe infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum at a horizontal resolution of 12 km at nadir up to40km over a swath width of about 2,200 km. With 14 orbits in a sun-synchronous mid-morningorbit (9:30 Local Solar Time equator crossing, descending node) global observations can beprovided twice a day. The SST retrieval is performed and provided by the IASI L2 processor atEUMETSAT headquarters. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification(GDS) version 2.
METOP_A IASI swath SST data set
GHRSST Level 2P Global skin Sea Surface Temperature from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on the Metop-A satellite (GDS V2) produced by OSI SAF
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged overdaily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Daily, Descending sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Descending Daily Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Descending Daily Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, seasonal, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the mission series mean or cumulative, ascending ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Ascending Mission Cumulative Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Ascending Mission Cumulative Data V5.0
This dataset contains polar-stereographic-gridded Sigma-0 retrievals over the Anarctic Polar region from SeaWinds on QuikSCAT retrievals subsetted and averaged twice daily at the local time-of-day (LTOD); local times are approximately morning (04:00 to 12:00 local) and afternoon (12:00 to 20:00 local). The eight hour interval at each LTOD reference of morning vs. afternoon corresponds to the natural boundaries of time separation within the data at polar latitudes. Hence, morning and afternoon are used as approximations for the LTOD reference, where the actual LTOD may vary within the respective 8 hour interval. This dataset is generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU); the processed files are therefore known as SIR files. These SIR files were also used to generate a complimentary dataset of GIF images meant for browse purposes only and is available here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ANTARCTICA_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_IMAGES_LTOD. The QuikSCAT scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. The SIR files are separated according to polarization. For example, one SIR file for a particular day and LTOD will contain the gridded average Sigma-0 values for the horizontally polarized L1B retrievals, while the other will contain those from the vertically polarized L1B retrievals. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 3 Sigma-0 Polar-Stereographic Local-Time-of-Day Browse Maps of Antarctic Region
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODSA-AN9N4
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 9km Nighttime
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 9km Nighttime V2019.0
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is theAnnual, Ascending wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Ascending Annual Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Ascending Annual Data V5.0
This dataset contains operational near-real-time Level 2 ocean surface wind vector retrievals from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) on MetOp-A at 25 km sampling resolution (note: the effective resolution is 50 km). It is a product of the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) provided through the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). The wind vector retrievals are currently processed using the CMOD7.n geophysical model function using a Hamming filter to spatially average the Sigma-0 data in the ASCAT L1B data. Each file is provided in netCDF version 3 format, and contains one full orbit derived from 3-minute orbit granules. Latency is approximately 2 hours from the latest measurement. The beginning of the orbit is defined by the first wind vector cell measurement within the first 3-minute orbit granule that starts north of the Equator in the ascending node. ASCAT is a C-band dual fan beam radar scatterometer providing two independent swaths of backscatter retrievals in sun-synchronous polar orbit aboard the MetOp-A platform. For more information on the MetOp mission, please visit: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/OceanWind/MetOp . For more timely announcements, users are encouraged to register with the KNMI scatterometer email list: scat@knmi.nl. Users are also highly advised to check the dataset user guide periodically for updates and new information on known problems and issues. All intellectual property rights of the OSI SAF products belong to EUMETSAT. The use of these products is granted to every interested user, free of charge. If you wish to use these products, EUMETSAT's copyright credit must be shown by displaying the words "copyright (year) EUMETSAT" on each of the products used.
Dataset Policy created for ASCAT Ingestion
MetOp-A ASCAT Level 2 25.0 km Ocean Surface Wind Vectors
The SeaWinds on ADEOS-II Level 3 ocean vector winds on a 0.25 degree grid contains daily data from ascending and descending passes; where adjacent satellite passes overlap, the most recent value overwrites the previous value for that particular wind vector cell. Wind vectors are accurate to within 2 m/s (vector speed) and 20 degrees (vector direction). Rain flags are provided for each wind vector cell to assist in identifying potential rain contamination. Wind vectors are set to a value of 0 when within 30 km of land/ice boundaries or where there is ambiguous or non-existent measurements available. This data utilizes the recalibrated model function called the QSCAT-1/F13 processing algorithm, adopted in July of 2006.
SeaWinds on ADEOS-II Level 3 Gridded Ocean Wind Vectors (JPL)
This dataset contains GIF images of polar-stereographic-gridded Sigma-0 retrievals over the Antarctic Polar region from SeaWinds on QuikSCAT retrievals subsetted and averaged twice daily at the local time-of-day (LTOD); local times are approximately morning (00:00 to 08:00 local) and evening (16:00 to 24:00 local). The eight hour interval at each LTOD reference of morning vs. evening corresponds to the natural boundaries of time separation within the data at polar latitudes. Hence, morning and evening are used as approximations for the LTOD reference, where the actual LTOD may vary within the respective 8 hour interval. It should be noted that these GIF images are meant for browse purposes only and should not be considered science quality. The GIF images are generated from a scientific dataset employing a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU); the science quality source dataset containing the SIR files used to generate the GIF images is accessible here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ARCTIC_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_LTOD. The SeaWinds scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. As with the SIR files, the GIF images are separated according to polarization. For example, one SIR file for a particular day and LTOD will contain the gridded average Sigma-0 values derived from the horizontally polarized L1B retrievals, while the other will contain those from the vertically polarized L1B retrievals. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 3 Sigma-0 Polar-Stereographic Local-Time-of-Day Browse Images of Arctic Region
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset for the North Atlantic Region (NAR) derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the European Meteorological Operational-A (MetOp-A) platform (launched 19 Oct 2006). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near real time from Metop/AVHRR and SNPP/VIIRS. Global AVHRR level 1b data are acquired at Meteo-France/Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system. NAR SNPP/VIIRS level 0 data are acquired through direct readout and converted into l1b at CMS. SST is retrieved from the AVHRR and VIIRS infrared channels using a multispectral algorithm.This product is delivered as four six hourly collated files per day on a regular 2km grid. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2.
GHRSST Level 3C North Atlantic Regional (NAR) subskin Sea Surface Temperature from SNPP/VIIRS and Metop-A/AVHRR (GDS V2) produced by OSI SAF
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, thermal-IR SST level 3, 9km, monthly, daytime product.
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 9km Daytime v2014.0
This dataset contains the RapidScat Level 2B 12.5km Version 1.3 science-quality ocean surface wind vectors, which are intended as a replacement and continuation of the Version 1.1 and 1.2 data forward from orbital revolution number 7873, corresponding to 11 February 2016; on 11 Feb 2016, RapidScat entered it's 3rd low signal to noise ratio (SNR) state and the initial calibration of low SNR 3 was preliminary during the Version 1.2 release. The fundamental difference between Version 1.3 and the previous Version 1.2 datasets is that the L1B sigma-0 has been re-calibrated during the periods of low SNR states 3 and 4 using re-pointed QuikSCAT data. The Version 1.1 should still be considered valid up to the first rev of version 1.2 (5127), and similarly version 1.2 shall be considered valid up to the first rev of version 1.3 (7873). The Level 2B wind vectors are binned on a 12.5 km Wind Vector Cell (WVC) grid and processed using the Level 2A Sigma-0 dataset. RapidScat is a Ku-band dual beam circular rotating scatterometer retaining much of the same hardware and functionality of QuikSCAT, with exception of the antenna sub-system and digital interface to the International Space Station (ISS) Columbus module, which is where RapidScat is mounted. The NASA mission is officially referred to as ISS-RapidScat. Unlike QuikSCAT, ISS-RapidScat is not in sun-synchronous orbit, and flies at roughly half the altitude with a low inclination angle that restricts data coverage to the tropics and mid-latitude regions; the extent of latitudinal coverage stretches from approximately 61 degrees North to 61 degrees South. Furthermore, there is no consistent local time of day retrieval. This dataset is provided in a netCDF-3 file format that follows the netCDF-4 classic model (i.e., generated by the netCDF-4 API) and made available via FTP and OPeNDAP. For data access, please click on the "Data Access" tab above. It is advised for users to avoid using the "wind_obj" variable in this dataset since it is minimally applicable and meant primarily for quality assurance; for users who wish to access the objective function values for each ambiguity, it is suggested to use only the "ambiguity_obj" variable. The "wind_obj" variable contains DIRTH probabilities (which are derived form the "ambiguity_obj" objective function values) in the range of 0 to 1 indicating the conditional probability that the true direction is within + or - 2.5 degrees of the retrieved wind direction given the observed backscatter measurements in the cell. If you have any questions or concerns, please visit our Forum at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/forum/.
RapidScat Level 2B Ocean Wind Vectors in 12.5km Slice Composites Version 1.3
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales.This particular data set is the mission series mean or cumulative, Ascending sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Ascending Mission Cumulative Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Ascending Mission Cumulative Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution derived density averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Monthly, sea surface density product forversion 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Monthly Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the 28-Dayrunning mean, Ascending sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending 28-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending 28-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
This dataset contains polar-stereographic-gridded Sigma-0 retrieval statistics over the Antarctic Polar region from the QuikSCAT L1B retrievals, which are generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU); the processed files are therefore known as SIR files. The QuikSCAT scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. The SIR files are all contained within a single tar file for a given day. When the tar file is unpacked, the individual SIR files are separated according to polarization and the corresponding retrieval statistic (i.e., daily average, standard deviation, and daily measurement counts). Consequently, there are 6 SIR files contained within each unpacked tar file. These SIR files were also used to generate a complimentary dataset of GIF images representing the daily averaged Sigma-0, which is meant for browse purposes only and available here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ANTARCTICA_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_IMAGES. An additional complimentary dataset includes a reduced version of these Sigma-0 retrieval statistics by providing only the daily Sigma-0 average: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ANTARCTICA_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_LITE. This dataset is provided by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
Dataset Policy created for QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ANTARCTICA_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_FULL
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 3 Sigma-0 Polar-Stereographic Browse Maps (Complete) of Antarctica
The TOPEX/POSEIDON MGDR (Merged Geophysical Data Record) contains global coverage altimeter data. This data set (MGDR-B) contains generation B data which replaces the generation A data set. The objective of the TOPEX/POSEIDON mission, launched in August 1992 and currently operating, is to determine ocean topography with a sea surface height measurement precision of 3 cm and a sea level measurement accuracy of 13 cm. The data product combines measurements from two altimeters, a NASA dual frequency (Ku and C band) instrument similar to the Geosat altimeter, and a French (CNES) instrument which is a proof-of-concept solid-state altimeter (Ku band). This data set contains mean sea surface, ionospheric corrections, sigma0 and all parameters needed to calculate sea surface height anomalies and total electron content. The data are in binary format.
TOPEX/Poseidon MGDR
PODAAC_MGDR
TOPEX/POSEIDON ALTIMETER MERGED GEOPHYSICAL DATA RECORD GENERATION B
This dataset contains GIF images of polar-stereographic-gridded, daily averaged Sigma-0 retrievals over the Arctic Polar from the QuikSCAT L1B retrievals, which are generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU). The QuikSCAT scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. The GIF image files are separated according to polarization, and the averaged Sigma-0 measurements are displayed in grayscale with no color bar. Very bright areas indicate high Sigma-0 averages. It should be noted that these GIF images are meant for browse purposes only and should not be considered science quality. The science quality source dataset containing the SIR files used to generate the GIF images is accessible here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ARCTIC_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_LITE. An additional complimentary dataset of SIR files contains the full daily Sigma-0 statistcs: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ARCTIC_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_FULL. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
Dataset Policy created for QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ARCTIC_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_IMAGES
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 3 Sigma-0 Polar-Stereographic Browse Images of Arctic Region
This dataset contains GIF images of global, rectangular-gridded, daily averaged Sigma-0 retrievals from the SeaWinds L1B retrievals, which are generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU). The SeaWinds scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. The GIF image files are separated according to polarization, and the averaged Sigma-0 measurements are displayed in grayscale with no color bar. Very bright areas indicate high Sigma-0 averages. The science quality source dataset containing the SIR files used to generate the GIF images is accessible here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SEAWINDS_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_GLOBAL_RECTANGULAR_BROWSE_MAPS_LITE. An additional complimentary dataset of SIR files contains the full daily Sigma-0 statistcs: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SEAWINDS_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_GLOBAL_RECTANGULAR_BROWSE_MAPS_FULL. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
SeaWinds on ADEOS-II Level 3 Sigma-0 Global Rectangular Browse Images
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the Daily, Ascending rain-flagged rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Daily Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Daily Data V5.0
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, thermal-IR SST level 3, 4km, monthly, nighttime product.
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 4km Nighttime v2014.0
A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-17 platform (launched 24 June 2002) produced and used operationally in oceanographic analyses and forecasts by the US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO). The AVHRR is a space-borne scanning sensor on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) family of Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) having a operational legacy that traces back to the Television Infrared Observation Satellite-N (TIROS-N) launched in 1978. AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micrometer) and near-infrared (0.9 micrometer) regions, the third one is located around 3.5 micrometer, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micrometers, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micrometer. Typically the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive SST sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The NOAA platforms are sun synchronous generally viewing the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent) due to the relatively large AVHRR swath of approximately 2400 km. The highest ground resolution that can be obtained from the current AVHRR instruments is 1.1 km at nadir. AVHRR data are acquired in three formats: High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT), Local Area Coverage (LAC), and Global Area Coverage (GAC). HRPT data are full resolution image data transmitted to a ground stations as they are collected. LAC are also full resolution data, but the acquisition is prescheduled and recorded with an on-board tape recorder for subsequent transmission during a station overpass. This particular dataset is produced from GAC data that are derived from an on-board sample averaging of the full resolution global AVHRR data. Four out of every five samples along the scan line are used to compute on average value and the data from only every third scan line are processed, yielding an effective 4 km resolution at nadir. Further binning and averaging of these pixels results in a final dataset resolution of 8.8 km.
GHRSST Level 2P Global Bulk Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-17 satellite produced by NAVO
N-17 AVHRR GAC L2P swath SST data set
Naval Oceanographic Office, U.S. Navy, U.S. Department of Defense
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, andseasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Monthly, Descending rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Data V5.0
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODST-8D9D4
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 9km Daytime
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 9km Daytime V2019.0
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is an oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-1 campaign involved a series of 5 cruises during 2012 - 2013 seeking to characterize the salinity structure and balance in a high salinity, high evaporation, and low rainfall region of the subtropical North Atlantic. It aims to resolve processes responsible for maintaining the subtropical surface salinity maximum in this region and within a 900 x 800-mile square study area centered at 25N, 38W. Part of the Argo global network of autonomous, self-reporting samplers, Argo floats drift horizontally and move vertically through the water column generally on 10 day cycles, collecting high-quality temperature, conductivity and salinity depth profiles from the upper 2000m. Approximately 24 floats were deployed during SPURS-1 within the campaign domain, mainly during the Knorr cruise (6 Sept-9 Oct,2012). These were standard Argo floats with the addition of surface temperature and salinity (STS) sensors and acoustic rain gauges (PAL). Data accessible here only include the standard ARGO profiles, not the STS or PAL data. SPURS-1 ARGO data files are oganized per float and each contain profile trajectory series of conductivity, salinity, temperature, pressure, depth observations.
Argo float CTD profile data within the scope of the SPURS-1 N. Atlantic field campaign
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day,monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the mission series mean or cumulative sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Mission Cumulative Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Mission Cumulative Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, seasonal, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the Seasonal, ascending ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Data V5.0
GHRSST Level 2P Global Subskin Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Scanning Microwave Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) on the NASA Aqua Satellite
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. Expendable bathythermograph (XBT) casts were undertaken at stations during both of the SPURS-2 R/V Revelle cruises. Launched off the side of the ship, XBT probes provide vertical profile measurements of the water column at fixed locations. There were a total of 25 and 11 XBT deployments made during the first and second R/V Revelle cruises respectively. There is one XBT data file per cruise, each containing the temperature profile data from all instrument deployments undertaken during that cruise.
SPURS-2 research vessel Expendable Bathythermograph (XBT) profile data for E. Tropical Pacific R/V Revelle cruises
SPURS Field Campaign XBT Products
Expendable Bathythermographs
XBT
This dataset contains along track geo-referenced Sea Surface Height Anomalies (SSHA) from TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, OSTM/Jason-2 and Jason-3 (depending on time period) merged onto a single mean reference orbit. All biases and cross-calibrations have been applied to the data so SSHA are consistent between satellites to form a single climate data record. Altimeter data from the multi-mission Geophysical Data Records (GDRs) are interpolated to a common reference orbit facilitating direct time series analysis of the geo-referenced SSH. However this product does not use the TOPEX internal calibration-mode range correction. This is the main difference between version 4 and version 4.2. More information on this calibration can be found at Beckley et al. 2017 DOI 10.1002/2017JC013090. The data are in netCDF format . The data start at September 1992. The newest data are appended to the file quarterly.
Beckley, B.; Zelensky, N.P.; Holmes, S.A.; Lemoine, F.G.; Ray, R.D.; Mitchum, G.T.; Desai, S.; Brown, S.T.
Integrated Multi-Mission Ocean Altimeter Data for Climate Research complete time series
MERGED_TP_J1_OSTM_OST_ALL_V42
Integrated Multi-Mission Ocean Altimeter Data for Climate Research complete time series Version 4.2
This dataset contains Level 2B science-quality ocean surface wind vector retrievals from the SeaWinds on ADEOS-II scatterometer. The retrievals are provided on a non-uniform grid within the swath at 12.5 km pixel resolution. Higher resolution is achieved through a slice composite technique in which high resolution slice measurements from L1B data are composited into a 12.5 km wind vector cell. The increased sampling resolution enables users to obtain wind vectors 10 km closer to shore when compared to the 25 km L2B dataset. Each L2B file corresponds to a specific orbital revolution (rev) number, which begins at the southernmost point of the ascending orbit. The granule metadata is consistent with the QuikSCAT L2B dataset, with exception of the amsr_rain_indicator provided by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) instrument aboard the ADEOS-II spacecraft. Also, the wvc_quality_flag utilizes bits 2-6 for AMSR-related data quality assessment; these bits are left empty in the QuikSCAT L2B wvc_quality_flag variable. An ASCII inline quality report (Q2B) has been generated for each L2B file; each Q2B file provides statistics of various quality elements pertaining to the processing of a specific L2B file. This is the official dataset produced by the QuikSCAT Project through the SeaWinds Processing and Analysis Center (SeaPAC).
SeaWinds on ADEOS-II Level 2B Ocean Wind Vectors in 12.5km Slice Composites
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is theDaily, Ascending wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Ascending Daily Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Ascending Daily Data V5.0
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped mid-Infrared SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 3 and 4 mid-IR bands (MODIS channels 20,21,22 and 23). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, mid-IR SST level 3, 9km, annual, nighttime product.
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR Annual 9km Nighttime v2014.0
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is theMonthly, Descending wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Data V5.0
This dataset contains GIF images of polar-stereographic-gridded Sigma-0 retrievals over the Antarctic Polar region from SeaWinds on QuikSCAT retrievals subsetted and averaged twice daily at the local time-of-day (LTOD); local times are approximately morning (04:00 to 12:00 local) and afternoon (12:00 to 20:00 local). The eight hour interval at each LTOD reference of morning vs. afternoon corresponds to the natural boundaries of time separation within the data at polar latitudes. Hence, morning and afternoon are used as approximations for the LTOD reference, where the actual LTOD may vary within the respective 8 hour interval. It should be noted that these GIF images are meant for browse purposes only and should not be considered science quality. The GIF images are generated from a scientific dataset employing a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU); the science quality source dataset containing the SIR files used to generate the GIF images is accessible here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ANTARCTICA_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_LTOD. The SeaWinds scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. As with the SIR files, the GIF images are separated according to polarization. For example, one SIR file for a particular day and LTOD will contain the gridded average Sigma-0 values derived from the horizontally polarized L1B retrievals, while the other will contain those from the vertically polarized L1B retrievals. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 3 Sigma-0 Polar-Stereographic Local-Time-of-Day Browse Images of Antarctica
This dataset contains the ISS-RapidScat Version 1.2 Level 1B geo-located Sigma-0 measurements and antenna pulse "egg" and "slice" geometries as derived from ephemeris and the Level 1A dataset. Version 1.2 is intended as a replacement and continuation of the Version 1.1 data forward from orbital revolution number 5127, corresponding to 19 August 2015; the overlapping time period starting on 19 August 2015 corresponds to the first time period of the recorded low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This Version 1.2 dataset differs from the previous Version 1.1 dataset as follows: 1) L1B sigma-0 has been re-calibrated during the periods of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and 2) during low SNR periods the L1B sigma-0 calibration is determined using re-pointed L1B QuikSCAT data. The pulse "egg" represents the complete footprint of the pulse, which has a spatial geometry of approximately 25 km by 35 km. There are 8 slices that constitute the range-binned components of a pulse each of which has a spatial geometry of approximately 25 km by 7 km. The orientation of the long dimension of the slices varies with the rotation of the antenna and thus does not align with the along/across track orientation of the wind vector grid in the L2B/L2A products. Data are provided in single-orbit files in HDF-4 format. RapidScat is a Ku-band dual beam circular rotating scatterometer retaining much of the same hardware and functionality of QuikSCAT, with exception of the antenna sub-system and digital interface to the ISS Columbus module, which is where RapidScat is mounted. The NASA mission is officially referred to as ISS-RapidScat. Unlike QuikSCAT, ISS-RapidScat is not in sun-synchronous orbit, and flies at roughly half the altitude with a low inclination angle that restricts data coverage to the tropics and mid-latitude regions; the extent of latitudinal coverage stretches from approximately 61 degrees North to 61 degrees South. Furthermore, there is no consistent local time of day retrieval. Caution: this dataset is intended for expert use only. If you must use RapidScat Sigma-0 data but you are unsure about how to use the L1B data record, please consider using either of the following L2A datasets: 1) http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/RSCAT_L2A_12KM_V1.2 or 2) http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/RSCAT_L2A_25KM_V1.2. If you have any questions or concerns, please visit our Forum at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/forum/.
RapidScat Level 1B Time-Ordered Geo-Located Sigma-0 Version 1.2
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is an oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-1 campaign involved a series of 5 cruises during 2012 - 2013 seeking to characterize the salinity structure and balance in a high salinity, high evaporation, and low rainfall region of the subtropical North Atlantic. It aims to resolve processes responsible for maintaining the subtropical surface salinity maximum in this region and within a 900 x 800-mile square study area centered at 25N, 38W. All US SPURS-1 cruises (Knorr: 6 Sept-9 Oct 2012; Endeavor: 15 Mar-15 Apr 2013 and 19 Sep-13 Oct 2013) were equipped with a ship mast meteorological sensor package. An additional set of sophisticated meteorological sensors, including a direct covariance flux package, was installed on the Knorr. These sensors provided along-track atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, IR/visible radiation, rain, wind speed and direct covariance flux measurements. Resulting data files (1 per cruise) contain these georeferenced, SPURS-1 research vessel-based meteorological measurements.
SPURS-1 research vessel Meteorological series data for N. Atlantic Endeavor cruises
TDay and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODST-AN9N4
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 9km Nighttime
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 9km Nighttime V2019.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the Seasonal, Ascending sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Data V5.0
This dataset contains GIF images of polar-stereographic-gridded, daily averaged Sigma-0 retrievals over the Antarctic Polar from the QuikSCAT L1B retrievals, which are generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU). The QuikSCAT scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. The GIF image files are separated according to polarization, and the averaged Sigma-0 measurements are displayed in grayscale with no color bar. Very bright areas indicate high Sigma-0 averages. It should be noted that these GIF images are meant for browse purposes only and should not be considered science quality. The science quality source dataset containing the SIR files used to generate the GIF images is accessible here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ANTARCTICA_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_LITE. An additional complimentary dataset of SIR files contains the full daily Sigma-0 statistcs: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ANTARCTICA_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_MAPS_FULL. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
Dataset Policy created for QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_ANTARCTICA_POLAR-STEREOGRAPHIC_BROWSE_IMAGES
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 3 Sigma-0 Polar-Stereographic Browse Images of Antarctica
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, thermal-IR SST level 3, 9km, annual, nighttime product.
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 9km Nighttime v2014.0
A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P data set containing multi-channel Sea Surface Temperature (SST) retrievals derived in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) level-1B data from the Meteorological Operational-B (MetOp-B) satellite. The SST data in this data set are used operationally in oceanographic analyses and forecasts by the US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO). The MetOp satellite program is a European multi-satellite program to provide weather data services for monitoring climate and improving weather forecasts. MetOp-A, MetOp-B and Metop-C were respectively launched on 19 Oct 2006, 17 September 2012 and 7 November 2018. The program was jointly established by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) with the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) contributing the AVHRR sensor. AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micron) and near-infrared (0.9 micron) regions, the third one is located around 4 (3.6) micron, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micron, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micron. Typically, the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive SST sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The swath of the AVHRR sensor is a relatively large 2400 km. All MetOp platforms are sun synchronous and generally view the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent). The ground native resolution of the AVHRR instruments is approximately 1.1 km at nadir and degrades off nadir. This particular data set is produced from legacy Global Area Coverage (GAC) data that are derived from a sample averaging of the full resolution global AVHRR data. Four out of every five samples along the scan line are used to compute on average value and the data from only every third scan line are processed, yielding an effective 4 km spatial resolution at nadir. The v2.0 is the updated version from current v1.0 with extensive algorithm improvements and upgrades. The major improvements include: 1) Significant changes in contaminant/cloud detection; 2) Increased the spatial resolution from 9 km to 4 km; 3) Updated compliance with GDS2, ACDD 1.3, and CF 1.6; and 4) Removed the dependency on the High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) sensor (only available to MetOp-A/B), thus allowing for the consistent inter-calibration and the processing of MetOp-A/B/C data
GHRSST Level 2P Global 1m Sea Surface Temperature v2.0 from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the MetOp-B satellite produced by NAVO
METOP-A AVHRR GAC L2P swath SST dataset
GHRSST Level 2P Global Sea Surface Temperature v2.0 from the AVHRR on the MetOp-B satellite produced by NAVO
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution density data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Annual, Descending sea surface densityproduct for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Descending Annual Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Descending Annual Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, 7-Day, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the 28-Day running mean, ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image 28-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image 28-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales.This particular data set is the Seasonal sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Seasonal Data V5.0
The SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 2A Surface-flagged Sigma-0 in 25km Wind Vector Cells are processed using the pulse Sigma-0 data provided by the Level 1B product. Unlike NSCAT, the expected number of Sigma-0 cells per WVC is not constant, due to the circular scan of the SeaWinds instrument. To minimize the L2A data volume, the Sigma-0 cell data are stored as "lists" for each WVC row, with each list indexed by a "cell_index" array to indicate the cross-track WVC membership of the data. Each cell is then checked for land or ice and flagged accordingly. Attenuation corrections for each Sigma-0 measurement are also provided. Quality Assurance files are also included to verify the quality of the L2A processing. Data are provided in single-orbit files. Special note: QuikSCAT went into a "non-spinning" mode on 22 November 2009. The final rev number in the nominal Operational "spinning" mode is 54296; the "non-spinning" mode of the instrument continued predominantly for the remainder of QuikSCAT operations. There were some brief periods of "spinning" in year 2013, which include the following days and rev numbers (identified in parenthesis): 1) 29 January to 5 February (7909-71011), 2) 14 March (71536-71549), 3) 18 March to 21 March (71590-71634), and 4) 28 March to 31 March (71735-71769).
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 2A Surface Flagged Sigma0 and Attenuations in 25Km Swath Grid
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 2A Surface Flagged Sigma0 and Attenuations in 25Km Swath Grid Version 2
Earth Observing System Data Information System
EOSDIS
This dataset contains the Version 1.0 CYGNSS Level 2 Climate Data Record which provides the time-tagged and geolocated average wind speed (m/s) and mean square slope (MSS) with 25x25 kilometer resolution from the Delay Doppler Mapping Instrument aboard the CYGNSS satellite constellation. The reported sample locations are determined by the specular points corresponding to the Delay Doppler Maps (DDMs). A subset of DDM data used in the direct processing of the average wind speed and MSS is co-located inside of the Level 2 data files. Only one netCDF data file is produced each day (each file containing data from up to 8 unique CYGNSS spacecraft) with a latency of approximately 6 days (or better) from the last recorded measurement time. The Version 1.0 CDR represents the first climate-quality release and is a collection of reanalysis products derived from the SDR v2.1 Level 1 data. Calibration accuracy and long term stability are improved relative to the SDR v2.1 using a new trackwise correction algorithm which constrains the average value of the L1 data using MERRA-2 reanalysis wind speeds. Details of the algorithm are provided in the Trackwise Corrected CDR Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document. CDR Level 2 and 3 products (ocean surface wind speed, mean square slope, and latent and sensible heat flux) are generated from the CDR L1 data using the v2.1 SDR data processing algorithms. These products also exhibit improved calibration accuracy and stability over SDR v2.1. Trackwise correction is applied to the two primary CYGNSS L1 science data products the normalized bistatic radar cross section (NBRCS) and the leading edge slope of the Doppler-integrated delay waveform (LES). The correction compensates for variations in the transmit power level of the GPS signals measured by the CYGNSS bistatic radar receivers. The SDR v2.1 L1 algorithm assumes a constant GPS transmit power and variations in it can be misinterpreted as variations in the L1 data and in subsequent L2 science data products derived from them. The GPS constellation consists of several different satellite models (a.k.a. block types) and the level of transmit power variation differs between them. The more recent Block IIF models (which account for ~37% of the GPS constellation) have significantly larger variations than the older models and, for this reason, they have been screened out and not used to produce SDR v2.1 L2 or L3 science data products. Trackwise correction eliminates the need for this screening so CDR L2 and L3 data products now include Block IIF samples. It should be noted that the trackwise correction algorithm cannot be successfully applied to all SDR v2.1 L1 data so there is also some loss of samples that were present in SDR v2.1. Overall, there is a significant increase in sampling and improvement in spatial coverage with the CDR products.
CYGNSS Level 2 Climate Data Record
This dataset contains the Version 2.1 CYGNSS Level 2 Science Data Record which provides the time-tagged and geolocated average wind speed (m/s) and mean square slope (MSS) with 25x25 kilometer resolution from the Delay Doppler Mapping Instrument aboard the CYGNSS satellite constellation. This version supersedes Version 2.0. The reported sample locations are determined by the specular points corresponding to the Delay Doppler Maps (DDMs). A subset of DDM data used in the direct processing of the average wind speed and MSS is co-located inside of the Level 2 data files. Only one netCDF data file is produced each day (each file containing data from up to 8 unique CYGNSS spacecraft) with a latency of approximately 6 days (or better) from the last recorded measurement time. The Version 2.1 release represents the second science-quality release. Here is a summary of improvements that reflect the quality of the Version 2.1 data release: 1) revised Geophysical Model Functions (GMFs) for both Fully Developed Seas (FDS) and Young Seas with Limited Fetch conditions, to be consistent with the calibration changes made to the v2.1 Level 1 science data products.; 2) Revised covariance matrix between DDMA and LES versions of the FDS wind speed retrieval, used by the minimum variance estimator, resulting from changes made to the v2.1 Level 1 science data products; 3) Revised debiasing algorithm coefficients used by the FDS L2 retrieval algorithm, resulting from changes made to the v2.1 Level 2 science data products; 4) revised quality control (Q/C) flags related to the required level of consistency between DDMA and LES versions of the FDS wind speed retrieval (the errors in the two retrievals are now less correlated so larger discrepancies are allowed; if either retrieval is not available, the sample receives a fatal Q/C flag); 5) new Q/C flag related to the block type of the GPS satellite which provided the transmitted signal. Samples using block II-F signals receive a fatal Q/C flag due to the higher level of uncertainty in their radiated power; 6) revised wind speed uncertainty values as a function of RCG and wind speed, plus a new dependence of the uncertainty on GPS block type to reflect the higher uncertainty in GPS radiated power for block II-F satellites.
CYGNSS Level 2 Science Data Record
CYGNSS Level 2 Science Data Record Version 2.1
A Group for HIgh Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset for the North Atlantic Region (NAR) from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-19 platform (launched 6 Feb 2009). This particular dataset is produced by the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) in France. The AVHRR is a space-borne scanning sensor on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) family of Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) having a operational legacy that traces back to the Television Infrared Observation Satellite-N (TIROS-N) launched in 1978. AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micrometer) and near-infrared (0.9 micrometer) regions, the third one is located around 3.5 micrometer, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micrometers, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micrometer. Typically the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive sea surface temperature (SST) sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The highest ground resolution that can be obtained from the current AVHRR instruments is 1.1 km at nadir. The MetOp-A platform is sun synchronous generally viewing the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent) due to the relatively large AVHRR swath of approximately 2400 km. The NAR products are SST fields derived from 1km AVHRR data that are re-mapped onto a 0.02 degree equal angle grid. In the processing chain, global AVHRR level 1b data are acquired at Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system. A cloud mask is applied and SST is retrieved from the AVHRR infrared (IR) channels by using a multispectral technique. The NOAA-19 SST L3P data are compliant with the Group for High Resolution SST (GHRSST) Data Specification (GDS) version 1.7.
GHRSST Level 3P North Atlantic Regional Subskin Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on NOAA-19
NOAA-19 AVHRR NAR SST data set
The NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) Level 1.7 ocean sigma-0 referenced to 50 km wind vector cells (WVC) contains daily backscatter (sigma-0) data from ascending and descending passes. Rain flagging information is not included. Data is flagged where measurements are either missing, ambiguous, or contaminated by land/sea ice. This is the most up-to-date version, which designates the final phase of calibration, validation and science data processing, which was completed in November of 1998, on behalf of the JPL NSCAT Project; re-processing had only minor impacts on the Level 1.7 data.
N/A
NSCAT Level 1.7 SDR, Sigma-0 Cells
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, thermal-IR SST level 3, 9km, 8-day, daytime product.
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 9km Daytime v2014.0
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, seasonal, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the seasonal climatology, descending ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Climatology Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the 7-Day,Descending sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending 7-Day Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending 7-Day Data V5.0
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODST-1D9N4
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 9km Nighttime
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 9km Nighttime V2019.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spicinessstandard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the 28-Day running mean, sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image 28-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image 28-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODTM-AN4N4
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST MID-IR Annual 4km Nighttime
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST MID-IR Annual 4km Nighttime V2019.0
GHRSST Level 2P Regional 1m Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-19 satellite produced by NAVO
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODAM-8D4N4
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR 8 Day 4km Nighttime
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR 8 Day 4km Nighttime V2019.0
This is the PI-produced JPL SMAP-SSS V4.3 CAP, level 3, monthly mapped sea surface salinity (SSS) product from the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) observatory. It is based on the Combined Active-Passive (CAP) retrieval algorithm developed at JPL originally in the context of Aquarius/SAC-D and now extended to SMAP. Improvements with V4.3 include: 1) New residual TB calibration which removes the ascending/descending bias issue observed for version 4.2; 2) Slightly modified criteria for aggregation from L2B to L3 based on TB for V-pol minus TB for H-pol. L3 monthly product file variables include: derived SSS with associated uncertainties and wind speed from SMAP and ancillary surface salinity from HYCOM. SMAP data begins on April 1, 2015 and is ongoing, with a 1 month latency in processing and availability. L3 products are global in extent and gridded at 0.25degree x 0.25degree with an approximate spatial resolution of 60km. The SMAP satellite is in a near-polar orbit at an inclination of 98 degrees and an altitude of 685 km. It has an ascending node time of 6 pm and is sun-synchronous. With its 1000km swath, SMAP achieves global coverage in approximately 3 days, but has an exact orbit repeat cycle of 8 days. On board instruments include a highly sensitive L-band radiometer operating at 1.41GHz and an L-band 1.26GHz radar sensor providing complementary active and passive sensing capabilities. Malfunction of the SMAP scatterometer on 7 July for the surface roughness correction required for the surface salinity retrieval.
JPL SMAP Level 3 CAP Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Monthly Validated Dataset
JPL SMAP Level 3 CAP Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Monthly V4.3 Validated Dataset
The Sensory Geophysical Data Record (SGDR) files contain full accuracy altimeter data, with a high precision orbit (accuracy ~1.5 cm). The instruments on Jason-1 make direct observations of the following quantities: altimeter range, significant wave height, ocean radar backscatter cross-section (a measure of wind speed), ionospheric electron content (derived by a simple formula), tropospheric water content, mean sea surface, and position relative to the GPS satellite constellation. The SGDR contain all relevant corrections needed to calculate the sea surface height. It also contains the 20Hz waveforms that are required for retracking. The SGDR is an expert level product, if you do not require the waveforms then the GDR/GPN or GPR will be more suited for your needs.
Jason-1 SGDR netCDF
JASON-1_SGDR_NETCDF
Jason-1 SGDR version E NetCDF
The Reconstructed Sea Level dataset contains sea level anomalies derived from satellite altimetry and tide gauges. The satellite altimetric record provides accurate measurements of sea level with near-global coverage, but it has a relatively short time span, since 1993. Tide gauges have measured sea level over the last 200 years, with some records extending back to 1807, but they only provide regional coverage, not global. Combining satellite altimetry with tide gauges, using a technique known as sea level reconstruction, results in a dataset with the record length of the tide gauges and the near-global coverage of satellite altimetry. Cyclostationary empirical orthogonal functions (CSEOFs), derived from satellite altimetry, are combined with historical sea level measurements from tide gauges to create the Reconstructed Sea Level dataset spanning from 1950 through 2009. Combining the altimetric and tide gauge records alleviates the difficulties caused by the short record length and poor spatial distribution of the satellite altimetry and tide gauges, respectively. Previous sea level reconstructions have utilized empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) as basis functions, but by using CSEOFs and by addressing other aspects of the reconstruction procedure, an alternative sea level reconstruction can be computed. The resulting reconstructed sea level dataset has weekly temporal resolution and half-degree spatial resolution. For specific information on the algorithm and how the CSEOFs are applied to the tide gauge data please see Hamlington et al. 2011.
CCAR, University of Colorado, Boulder
CCAR
RECON_SEA_LEVEL_OST_L4_V1
Reconstructed Sea Level Version 1
University of Colorado, Boulder
The version 5.0 Aquarius CAP Level 2 product contains the fourth release of the AQUARIUS/SAC-D orbital/swath data based on the Combined Active Passive (CAP) algorithm. CAP is a P.I. produced dataset developed and provided by JPL. This Level 2 dataset contains sea surface salinity (SSS), wind speed and wind direction data derived from 3 different radiometers and the onboard scatterometer. The CAP algorithm simultaneously retrieves the salinity, wind speed and direction by minimizing the sum of squared differences between model and observations. The main improvements in CAP V5.0 relative to the previous version include: updates to the Geophysical Model Functions to 4th order harmonics with the inclusion of sea surface temperature (SST) and stability at air-sea interface effects; use of the Canadian Meteorological Center (CMC) SST product as the new source ancillary sea surface temperature data in place of NOAA OI SST. Each L2 data file covers one 98 minute orbit. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius CAP Level 2 Sea Surface Salinity, Wind Speed & Direction Data V5.0
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset for the Eastern Atlantic Region from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) on the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG-3) satellites (launched 5 July 2012). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT),Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near realtime from MSG/SEVIRI. SEVIRI level 1.5 data are acquired at Meteo-France/Centre deMeteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system. SST is retrievedfrom the SEVIRI infrared channels (10.8 and 12.0 micrometer) using a multispectral algorithm.Atmospheric profiles of water vapor and temperature from a numerical weather prediction model,together with a radiatiave transfer model, are used to correct the multispectral algorithm forregional and seasonal biases due to changing atmospheric conditions. Every 15 minutes slot isprocessed at full satellite resolution. The operational products are then produced by remappingover a 0.05 degree regular grid (60S-60N and 60W-60E) SST fields obtained by aggregating all 15minute SST data available in one hour time, and the priority being given to the value the closest intime to the product nominal hour. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST DataSpecification (GDS) version 2.
SEVIRI Atlantic SST
GHRSST Level 3C Atlantic sub-skin Sea Surface Temperature from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on MSG at 0 degree longitude (GDS V2) produced by OSI SAF
This dataset contains the NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) Level 2 ocean wind vector ambiguity overlay files for the NSCAT MGDR version 2 dataset, referenced for 25 km wind vector cells (WVC). The dataset is derived from the results of a study which used a 2-D variational analysis method (VAM) to select a wind solution from the NSCAT ambiguous winds (Hoffman et al. 2003). Hoffman et al. chose the ambiguity closest in direction to the VAM surface wind analysis. No ambiguity was chosen for poor quality wind vector cells (WVCs). ECMWF analyses were used as the background field for the VAM. Their choice of ambiguity selection is compared with that of JPL, which used a median filter initialized with NCEP analysis fields. Ambiguity selection is changed in ~5% of the dataset, often improving the depiction of meteorological features where the surface wind is strongly curved or sheared. See Hoffman et al. (2003) for more on the method and results. Additional work by Henderson et al. (2003) compares the results of median filtering (JPL) vs. the 2d-VAR method (Hoffman et al., 2003) using 51 days of NSCAT data, supplemented by the NCEP 1000 hPa wind analyses as background fields.
NSCAT Level 2 Ocean Wind Vector Ambiguity Removal Overlay (Hoffman, AER)
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonaltime scales. This particular data set is the seasonal climatology, Descending sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Climatology Data V5.0
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on an operational basis at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology using optimal interpolation (OI) on a global 0.25 degree grid. This BLUELink Global Australian Multi-Sensor SST Analysis (GAMSSA) v1.0 system blends satellite SST observations from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR), and, the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSRE), and in situ data from ships, and drifting and moored buoy from the Global Telecommunications System (GTS). In order to produce a foundation SST estimate, the AATSR skin SST data stream is converted to foundation SST using the Donlon et al. (2002) skin to foundation temperature conversion algorithms. These empirically-derived algorithms apply a small correction for the cool-skin effect depending on surface wind speed, and filter out SST values suspected to be affected by diurnal warming by excluding cases which have experienced recent surface wind speeds of below 6 ms-1 during the day and less than 2 ms-1 during the night.
20080801T000000Z L. Majewski: First created. 20080917 E. Armstrong: Revised
The Sensory Geophysical Data Record (SGDR) files from the Geodetic Mission contain full accuracy altimeter data, with a high precision orbit. The instruments on Jason-1 make direct observations of the following quantities: altimeter range, significant wave height, ocean radar backscatter cross-section (a measure of wind speed), ionospheric electron content (derived by a simple formula), tropospheric water content, mean sea surface, and position relative to the GPS satellite constellation. The SGDR contain all relevant corrections needed to calculate the sea surface height. It also contains the 20Hz waveforms that are required for retracking. The SGDR is an expert level product, if you do not require the waveforms then the GDR will be more suited for your needs.
Jason-1 SGDR netCDF Geodetic
JASON-1_L2_OST_GPS_E_GEODETIC
Jason-1 SGDR version E NetCDF Geodetic
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, thermal-IR SST level 3, 9km, annual, nighttime product.
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 9km Nighttime v2014.0
This data set contains sea surface temperature (SST) data on a monthly 1 degree grid from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) aboard NASA's Aqua spacecraft. The data were produced by Remote Sensing Systems in support of the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) under the World Climate Research Program (WCRP). Along with this dataset, two additional ancillary data files are included in the same directory which contain the number of observations and standard error co-located on the same 1 degree grids. AMSR-E, a passive-microwave radiometer launched on the Aqua platform on 4 May 2002, was provided by the National Space Development Agency (NASDA) of Japan to NASA as an indispensable part of Aqua's global hydrology mission. Over the oceans, AMSR-E is measuring a number of important geophysical parameters, including SST, wind speed, atmospheric water vapor, cloud water, and rain rate. A key feature of AMSR-E is its capability to see through clouds, thereby providing an uninterrupted view of global SST and surface wind fields.
AMSR-E Level 3 Sea Surface Temperature for Climate Model Comparison
AMSRE_L3_SST_1DEG_1MO
Jet Propulsion Laboratory and PCMDI
JPL/PCMDI
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODSA-8D4N4
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 4km Nighttime
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 4km Nighttime V2019.0
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products at are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 13:30, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) and Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODSA-AN4D4
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 4km Daytime
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 4km Daytime V2019.0
NASA produces skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Infrared (IR) channels of the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 1:30 pm, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. MODIS L2P SST data have a 1 km spatial resolution at nadir and are stored in 288 five minute granules per day. Full global coverage is obtained every two days, with coverage poleward of 32.3 degree being complete each day. The production of MODIS L2P SST files is part of the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) project and is a joint collaboration between the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG), and the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS). Researchers at RSMAS are responsible for SST algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging, while the OBPG, as the NASA ground data system, is responsible for the production of daily MODIS ocean products. JPL acquires MODIS ocean granules from the OBPG and reformats them to the GHRSST L2P netCDF specification with complete metadata and ancillary variables, and distributes the data as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous R2014.0 datasets which can be found athttps://doi.org/10.5067/GHMDA-2PJ02
GHRSST Level 2P Global Sea Surface Skin Temperature from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the NASA Aqua satellite (GDS2)
Gridded Altimeter Fields with Enhanced Coastal Coverage Daily
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. A Rawinsonde is a helium balloon carrying meteorological instruments and a radar target, enabling the velocity of atmospheric parameters to be measured. During the first Revelle cruise, rawinsondes were launched every 6-hours, providing a total of 85 profiles of temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction through the marine atmospheric boundary layer within the SPURS-2 domain. Similarly, during the second Revelle cruise, rawinsondes were deployed four-times daily within the study area over the 3-week period. SPURS2 rawinsonde data are available as netCDF, CF-compliant data files.
J. Edson, C.A Clayson, S. Ruttledge
Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA & Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
SPURS-2 Rawinsonde meteorological data for the E. Tropical Pacific field campaign R/V Revelle cruises
RAWINSONDES
Vaisalla sonde WIND PROFILERS
Vaisalla sonde Temperature sensor
WIND PROFILERS
TEMPERATURE SENSORS
WIND PROFILES
This dataset contains 50m horizontal resolution gridded digital elevation models (DEMs) of Greenland Ice Sheet outlet glaciers collected during the NASA Oceans Melting Greenland mission. Between 2016 and 2019 the GLacier and Land Ice Surface Topography Interferometer airborne (GLISTIN-A) radar measured surface elevations around the periphery of the Greenland Ice Sheet using Ka-Band (8.4 mm wavelength) single-pass interferometry. Level 2 (L2) GLISTIN-A elevation data, available on the JPL UAVSAR website (uavsar.jpl.nasa.gov), were collected each year in 81 swaths of varying lengths and 10-12km widths and then mapped to 3m horizontal grids. This Level 3 (L3) dataset was created to facilitate analysis of the year-to-year glacier surface elevation changes. Improvements over the L2 dataset include: a consistent swath numbering scheme (1 to 81) corresponding to repeated flight lines; common regular equal-area grids for each swath; filtering and flagging of outliers; an ancillary geoid layer; and UTM map projections corresponding to swath location. The interested user may generate their own L3 DEMs at different horizontal resolutions and projections using the Python 3 resample_GLISTIN_DEMs package available which will be available from https://github.com/NASA/resample_GLISTIN_DEMs
OMG Glacial Elevations from GLISTIN-A
OMG Glacial Elevations from GLISTIN-A Ver. 1
Airborne
Glacier and Land Ice Surface Topography Interferometer
GLISTIN-A
GLACIER ELEVATION/ICE SHEET ELEVATION
This dataset contains geo-located and averaged Level 1B Sigma-0 measurements and wind retrievals from the SeaWinds on QuikSCAT platform, initiated in the months following the failure of the rotating antenna motor on 22 November 2009, using the various incidence angles at which QuikSCAT was pointed during the time period from November 2009 until present. Incidence angles were varied in order to cross-calibrate the Oceansat-2 and RapidScat scatterometers and to extend the known Ku-band geophysical model function. The averaging of the L1B input data combined with the wind vector processing results are both contained in this product referred to hereafter as Level 1C (L1C). The fixed and repointed beam processing is relative to either the one corresponding to the vertically polarized "outer" beam or the other corresponding to the horizontally polarized "inner" beam. The Sigma-0 values from the fixed operating beam for each frame are averaged to a single value representing approximately 50 samples. The data points are land flagged, collocated with ECMWF surface winds, and have climatological nadir attenuations provided for the location and time of the data (not applied to the sigma0). For orbits prior to 87727 the RapidSCAT geophysical model function (GMF) has been used to compute wind speed and direction, which is provided at each discrete sampling point corresponding to the averaged Sigma-0 locations. From orbit 87727 to present, a newer GMF designed specifically to determine wind speed from QuikSCAT backscatter and ECMWF wind direction was employed. The wind speed were computed from QuikSCAT Sigma0 values by assuming the ECMWF wind direction as a first step and then refining those directions slightly to minimize differences between ECMWF and QuikSCAT wind vectors. Retrieved wind directions, thus obtained, were reported but are only slightly different from ECMWF values and should not be considered an independent measurement of wind direction. Retrieved wind speeds do not depend significantly on ECMWF speeds as evidenced by the fact that they agree closely with WindSAT polarimetric radiometer speeds whenever WindSAT and ECMWF disagree. The Sigma0 values have also been corrected for scan loss (due to the fact that the antenna does not scan) and for X-factor changes due to repointing. At a later date, the historical L1C data will be reprocessed to utilize the newer GMF.
QuikSCAT Level 1C Averaged Sigma-0 and Winds from Non-spinning Antenna Version 1.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution density data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the mission series mean or cumulative, Ascending seasurface density product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Ascending Mission Cumulative Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Ascending Mission Cumulative Data V5.0
Contains wind speeds and directions derived from the Seasat-A Scatterometer (SASS), presented chronologically by swath for the period between 7 July 1978 and 10 October 1978. Robert Atlas et al. (1987) produced this product using an objective ambiguity removal scheme to dealias the wind vector data binned at 100 km cells, which were calculated by Frank Wentz.
SEASAT SCATTEROMETER DEALIASED OCEAN WIND VECTORS (Atlas)
Multi-functional Transport Satellites (MTSAT) are a series of geostationary weather satellites operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). MTSAT carries an aeronautical mission to assist air navigation, plus a meteorological mission to provide imagery over the Asia-Pacific region for the hemisphere centered on 140 East. The meteorological mission includes an imager giving nominal hourly full Earth disk images in five spectral bands (one visible, four infrared). MTSAT are spin stabilized satellites. With this system images are built up by scanning with a mirror that is tilted in small successive steps from the north pole to south pole at a rate such that on each rotation of the satellite an adjacent strip of the Earth is scanned. It takes about 25 minutes to scan the full Earth's disk. This builds a picture 10,000 pixels for the visible images (1.25 km resolution) and 2,500 pixels (4 km resolution) for the infrared images. The MTSAT-2 (also known as Himawari 7) and its radiometer (MTSAT-2 Imager) was successfully launched on 18 February 2006. For this Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset, skin sea surface temperature (SST) measurements are calculated from the IR channels of the MTSAT-2 Imager full resolution data in satellite projection on a hourly basis by using Bayesian Cloud Mask algorithm at the Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO). L2P datasets including Single Sensor Error Statistics (SSES) are then derived following the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2.0.
GHRSST Level 2P Western Pacific Regional Skin Sea Surface Temperature from the Multifunctional Transport Satellite 2 (MTSAT-2)
Sea Surface Temperature, 80E-180E and 55S-55N, at 0.036 degree resolution from MTSAT-1R Imager Sectors every 1.0 hour
GHRSST Level 2P Western Pacific Regional Skin Sea Surface Temperature from the Multifunctional Transport Satellite 2 (MTSAT-2) (GDS version 2)
Western Pacific Ocean
This dataset contains the ISS-RapidScat on Level 2A 12.5 km science data record, which provides surface-flagged sigma-0 in 12.5 km Wind Vector Cells processed using the pulse "slice" Sigma-0 data provided by the Level 1B dataset. Due to the circular scan of the RapidScat instrument the expected number of Sigma-0 cells per WVC is not constant. To minimize the L2A data volume, the Sigma-0 cell data are stored as "lists" for each WVC row, with each list indexed by a "cell_index" array to indicate the cross-track WVC membership of the data. Each cell is then checked for land or ice and flagged accordingly. Attenuation corrections for each Sigma-0 measurement are also provided. Data are provided in single-orbit files in HDF-4 format. RapidScat is a Ku-band dual beam circular rotating scatterometer retaining much of the same hardware and functionality of QuikSCAT, with exception of the antenna sub-system and digital interface to the International Space Station (ISS) Columbus module, which is where RapidScat is mounted. The NASA mission is officially referred to as ISS-RapidScat. Unlike QuikSCAT, ISS-RapidScat is not in sun-synchronous orbit, and flies at roughly half the altitude with a low inclination angle that restricts data coverage to the tropics and mid-latitude regions; the extent of latitudinal coverage stretches from approximately 61 degrees North to 61 degrees South. Furthermore, there is no consistent local time of day retrieval.
RapidScat Level 2A Surface Flagged Sigma-0 and Attenuations in 12.5Km Swath Grid Version 1.1
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the 7-Day running mean sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonaltime scales. This particular data set is the seasonal climatology, Ascending rain-flagged rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Climatology Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, Annual, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the Annual, ascending ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Ascending Annual Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Ascending Annual Data V5.0
The Global River Radar Altimeter Time Series (GRRATS) 1km/daily interpolations are river heights from ERS-1, ERS-2, TOPEX/Poseidon OSTM/Jason-2 and Envisat that are interpolated and processed to create a continuous heights for the study over the temporal range of the altimeters used. The purpose of these heights are to provide satellite altimetric river height data in a form that is more recognizable to the observational community and as a way to get users use to using satellite data for river hydrology. These pre SWOT data are derived from satellites to provide hydrological measurements. The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will have hydrology as one of its objectives. This dataset does not have the same variables as SWOT, but does provide hydrological measurements with typical quality flagging typical of satellite data. Not only does it provide science information, it can also assist hydrological users new to satellite data with the satellite data formats and variables before SWOT launches.
Coss, Stephen; Durand, Michael; Lettenmaier, Dennis; Yi, Yuchan; Jia, Yuanyuan; Guo, Qi, Tuozzolo, Stephen; Shun, C.K.; Allen, George H.; Calmant, Stephane; Pavelsky, Tamlin
Pre SWOT Hydrology GRRATS Daily River Heights and Storage
PRESWOT_HYDRO_GRRATS_L2_DAILY_VIRTUAL_STATION_HEIGHTS_V2
Pre SWOT Hydrology GRRATS Daily River Heights and Storage Version 2
The enhanced Jason-1 Microwave Radiometer (JMR) corrections contains better wet tropospheric path delay corrections along with better land, rain and ice flagging for coastal regions than that found in the Jason-1 Geophysical Data Records (GDR, http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/JASON-1_L2_OST_GDR_Ver-C_Binary ). The enhanced corrections can be used in place of the GDR wet troposphere correction to provide more accurate Sea Surface Height Anomalies for coastal regions.
JASON-1 ENHANCED JASON MICROWAVE RADIOMETER
JASON-1_JMR_ENH
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, thermal-IR SST level 3, 9km, daily, nighttime product.
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 9km Nighttime v2014.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is themonthly climatology, Descending sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Climatology Data V5.0
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped mid-Infrared SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 3 and 4 mid-IR bands (MODIS channels 20,21,22 and 23). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, mid-IR SST level 3, 4km, annual, nighttime product.
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST MID-IR Annual 4km Nighttime v2014.0
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is an oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-1 campaign involved a series of 5 cruises during 2012 - 2013 seeking to characterize the salinity structure and balance in a high salinity, high evaporation, and low rainfall region of the subtropical North Atlantic. It aims to resolve processes responsible for maintaining the subtropical surface salinity maximum in this region and within a 900 x 800-mile square study area centered at 25N, 38W. The Seaglider is an autonomous profiler measuring salinity and temperature. Three Seagliders were deployed on the Knorr cruise in September 2012. These were retrieved during the first Endeavor cruise, and then redeployed. The Seagliders typically made loops or butterfly patterns around the central SPURS mooring, diving to 1000 m. Seaglider data files contain vertically resolved trajectory series of conductivity, salinity, temperature, pressure, depth observations.
Seaglider CTD data for the SPURS-1 N. Atlantic field campaign
SPURS Field Campaign Seaglider Products
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped mid-Infrared SST products consist of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 3 and 4 mid-IR bands (MODIS channels 20,21,22 and 23). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, mid-IR SST level 3, 4km, 8-day, nighttime product.
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST MID-IR 8 Day 4km Nighttime v2014.0
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set isthe seasonal climatology, Ascending wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Climatology Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the Annual, Ascending sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Ascending Annual Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Ascending Annual Data V5.0
This dataset contains in situ measurements from Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) casts and tows. It provides salinity, density, temperature and sound velocity of the water column. The CTDs were deployed from a ship either as single profile casts or towed yo-yo behind the ship to measure the physical properties of the water. This provided measurements of the ocean's physical characteristics around Greenland. The CTDs are part of the Oceans Melting Greenland (OMG) project. The goal of the project is to find out what contributions the ocean has on Greenland's melting glaciers.
OMG CTD Conductivity Temperature Depth
OMG Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) Profiles
FOR EXPERT USE ONLY. The GRACE Level 1B data provide all necessary inputs to derive monthly time variations in the Earth's gravity field. Level 1B data are also used for GRACE orbit and mean gravity field determination. It contains K-Band Ranging Data Product (KBR1B), Star Camera Data Product (SCA1B), Accelerometer Data Product (ACC1B), GPS Data Product (GPS1B), Vector Products (VGN1B, VGO1B, VGB1B, VCM1B, VKB1B, VSL1B), Quaternion Products (QSA1B, QSB1B), and Housekeeping Products (AHK1B, IHK1B, THR1B, TNK1B, MAG1B, MAS1B, TIM1B)The GRACE Level-1B RL03 data consists only of updated spacecraft attitude (SCA1B) and K-band inter-satellite ranging (KBR1B) data. All other Level-1B were not changed and it is recommended to use the RL02 products with the updated RL03 KBR1B and SCA1B products. The RL03 SCA1B data were corrected for a stellar aberration error in the onboard star tracker software and incorrect data weighting in the star tracker combination software. For the RL03 SCA1B data a new software module was developed that uses Kalman filtering, field of view error modeling, relative alignment adjustment and the inclusion of angular spacecraft body acceleration measurements from the ACC instrument. This new processing resulted in a significant reduction in high frequency noise and the elimination of jumps during transitions between dual and single star tracker operation. The KBR1B product is updated as well because the KBR antenna phase center range correction, range rate correction and range acceleration are computed using the spacecraft attitude information (SCA1B). Only these three correction values were updated in the KBR1B product. All other entries in the KBR1B remained the same.
GRACE_L1B_GRAV_JPL_RL03
GRACE LEVEL 1B JPL RELEASE 3.0
This SEASAT-A Scatterometer (SASS) Sigma-0 dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at Brigham Young University (BYU) and is generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long. This dataset is derived from the SASS Geophysical Data Record (GDR). The SIR technique results in an enhanced resolution image reconstruction and gridded on an equal-area grid (for non-polar regions) at 4.45 km pixel resolution stored in SIR files; polar regions are gridded using a polar-stereographic technique. A non-enhanced version is provided at 22.25 km pixel resolution in a format known as GRD files. All files are produced in IEEE formatted binary. All data files are separated and organized by region, polarization, parameter, and sampling technique (i.e., SIR vs. GRD). The regions of China and Japan are combined into a single region. In addition to Sigma-0, various statistical parameters are provided for added guidance, including but not limited to: standard deviation, measurement counts, pixel time, Sigma-0 error, and average incidence angle. For more information, please visit: http://www.scp.byu.edu/docs/SASS_user_notes.html
SEASAT-A Scatterometer Level 3 Sigma-0 at Enhanced Resolution (BYU)
Day and night spatially gridded global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODST-MO9N4
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 9km Nighttime
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 9km Nighttime V2019.0
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODST-AN4D4
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 4km Daytime
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 4km Daytime V2019.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution density data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the Seasonal, Ascending sea surface densityproduct for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Ascending Seasonal Data V5.0
NASA produces skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Infrared (IR) channels of the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. MODIS L2P SST data have a 1 km spatial resolution at nadir and are stored in 288 five minute granules per day. Full global coverage is obtained every two days, with coverage poleward of 32.3 degree being complete each day. The production of MODIS L2P SST files is part of the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) project, and is a joint collaboration between the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG), and the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS). Researchers at RSMAS are responsible for SST algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging, while the OBPG, as the NASA ground data system, is responsible for the production of daily MODIS ocean products. JPL acquires MODIS ocean granules from the OBPG and reformats them to the GHRSST L2P netCDF specification with complete metadata and ancillary variables, and distributes the data as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous R2014.0 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/GHMDT-2PJ02
GHRSST Level 2P Global Sea Surface Skin Temperature from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the NASA Terra satellite (GDS2)
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, thermal-IR SST level 3, 4km, 8-day, nighttime product.
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR 8 Day 4km Nighttime v2014.0
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Aqua Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Aqua, thermal-IR SST level 3, 4km, annual, daytime product
MODIS Aqua Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 4km Daytime v2014.0
NOAA-20 (N20/JPSS-1/J1) is the second satellite in the US NOAA latest generation Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS). N20 was launched on November 18, 2017. In conjunction with the first US satellite in JPSS series, Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite launched on October 28, 2011, N20 form the new NOAA polar constellation. NOAA is responsible for all JPSS products, including SST from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). VIIRS is a whiskbroom scanning radiometer, which takes measurements in the cross-track direction within a field of view of 112.56-deg using 16 detectors and a double-sided mirror assembly. At a nominal altitude of 829 km, the swath width is 3,060 km, providing global daily coverage for both day and night passes. VIIRS has 22 spectral bands, covering the spectrum from 0.4-12 um, including 16 moderate resolution bands (M-bands). The L2P SST product is derived at the native sensor resolution (~0.75 km at nadir, ~1.5 km at swath edge) using NOAA's Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Ocean (ACSPO) system, and reported in 10 minute granules in netCDF4 format, compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). There are 144 granules per 24hr interval, with a total data volume of 27GB/day. In addition to pixel-level earth locations, Sun-sensor geometry, and ancillary data from the NCEP global weather forecast, ACSPO outputs include four brightness temperatures (BTs) in M12 (3.7um), M14 (8.6um), M15 (11um), and M16 (12um) bands, and two reflectances in M5 (0.67um) and M7 (0.87um) bands. The reflectances are used for cloud identification. Beginning with ACSPO v2.60, all BTs and reflectances are destriped (Bouali and Ignatov, 2014) and resampled (Gladkova et al., 2016), to minimize the effect of bow-tie distortions and deletions. SSTs are retrieved from destriped BTs. SSTs are derived from BTs using the Multi-Channel SST (MCSST; night) and Non-Linear SST (NLSST; day) algorithms (Petrenko et al., 2014). ACSPO clear-sky mask (ACSM) is provided in each pixel as part of variable l2p_flags, which also includes day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags (Petrenko et al., 2010). Fill values are reported in all pixels with >5 km inland. For each valid water pixel (defined as ocean, sea, lake or river, and up to 5 km inland), four BTs in M12/14/15/16 (included for those users interested in direct "radiance assimilation", e.g., NOAA NCEP, NASA GMAO, ECMWF) and two refelctances in M5/7 are reported, along with derived SST. Other variables include NCEP wind speed and ACSPO SST minus reference SST (Canadian Met Centre 0.1deg L4 SST; available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/CMC0.1deg-CMC-L4-GLOB-v3.0). Only ACSM confidently clear pixels are recommended (equivalent to GDS2 quality level=5). Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (SSES bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel with QL=5. Note that users of ACSPO data have the flexibility to ignore the ACSM and derive their own clear-sky mask, and apply it to BTs and SSTs. They may also ignore ACSPO SSTs, and derive their own SSTs from the original BTs. The L2P product is monitored and validated against quality controlled in situ data provided by NOAA in situ SST Quality Monitor system (iQuam; Xu and Ignatov, 2014), using another NOAA system, SST Quality Monitor (SQUAM; Dash et al, 2010). Corresponding clear-sky BTs are validated against RTM simulation in the Monitoring IR Clear-sky Radiances over Ocean for SST system (MICROS; Liang and Ignatov, 2011). A reduced size (1GB/day), equal-angle gridded (0.02-deg), ACSPO L3U product is also available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/VIIRS_N20-OSPO-L3U-v2.61, where gridded L2P SSTs with QL=5 only are reported, and BT layers omitted.
GHRSST Level 2P OSPO dataset from VIIRS on the NOAA-20 satellite (GDS v2)
GHRSST Level 2P OSPO dataset v2.61 from VIIRS on the NOAA-20 satellite (GDS v2)
This dataset is derived under the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) project and contains value-added Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) ocean surface winds from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F14 platform. The CCMP datasets combine cross-calibrated satellite winds obtained from Remote Sensing Systems (REMSS) using a Variational Analysis Method (VAM) to produce a high-resolution (0.25 degree) gridded analysis. Wind directions from the resulting analysis are assigned to the location and time of the satellite-derived wind speed observations to create this value added dataset. The CCMP data set includes cross-calibrated satellite winds derived from SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR-E, TRMM TMI, QuikSCAT, SeaWinds, WindSat and other satellite instruments as they become available from REMSS. REMSS uses a cross-calibrated sea-surface emissivity model function which improves the consistency between wind speed retrievals from microwave radiometers (i.e., SSM/I, SSMIS, AMSR, TMI, WindSat) and those from scatterometers (i.e., QuikSCAT and SeaWinds). The VAM combines these data with in situ measurements and a starting estimate (first guess) of the wind field. The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-40 Reanalysis is used as the first-guess from 1987 to 1998. The ECMWF Operational analysis is used from January 1999 onward. All wind observations and analysis fields are referenced to a height of 10 meters. The ERA-40 can be obtained from the Computation and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR): http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds117.0/. The ECMWF Operational analysis can also be obtained from CISL at NCAR: http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds111.1/. Three products are distributed to complete the CCMP dataset series. L3.0 product contains high-resolution analyses every 6-hours. These data are then time averaged over monthly and 5-day periods to derive the L3.5 product. Directions from the L3.0 product are then assigned to the time and location of the passive microwave satellite wind speed observations to derive the L2.5 product. All datasets are distributed on a 0.25 degree cylindrical coordinate grid. This dataset is one in a series of First-Look (FLK) CCMP datasets and is a continuation and expansion of the SSM/I surface wind velocity project that began under the NASA Pathfinder Program. Refinements and upgrades to the FLK version will be incorporated under a new release (date to be determined) known as Late-look (LLK) and may include additional satellite datasets. All satellite surface wind data are obtained from REMSS under the DISCOVER project: Distributed Information Services: Climate/Ocean Products and Visualizations for Earth Research (http://www.discover-earth.org/index.html). The CCMP project is the result of an investigation funded by the NASA Making Earth Science data records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) program (http://community.eosdis.nasa.gov/measures/). In accordance with the MEaSUREs program, the CCMP datasets are also known as Earth System Data Records (ESDRs). In collaboration with private and government institutions, a team led by Dr. Robert Atlas (PI; proposal originally solicited by REASoN, and currently funded by MEaSURES) has created the CCMP project to provide multi-instrument ocean surface wind velocity ESDRs, with wide ranging research applications in meteorology and oceanography.
Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform Ocean Surface Wind Vector L2.5 First-Look SSM/I-F14 Microwave Analyses
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales.This particular data set is the Annual sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Annual Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Annual Data V5.0
This dataset contains global, rectangular-gridded, daily averaged Sigma-0 retrievals from SeaWinds on QuikSCAT retrievals, which are generated using a Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) technique developed by Dr. David Long at Brigham Young University (BYU); the processed files are therefore known as SIR files. The SeaWinds scatterometer scans at two nominal incidence angles, 46 degrees and 54.1 degrees, corresponding to the inner and outer beams respectively. The inner beam is horizontally polarized while the outer beam is vertically polarized. The SIR files are separated according to polarization. For example, one SIR file for a particular day will contain the globally gridded average Sigma-0 values for the horizontally polarized L1B retrievals, while the other will contain those from the vertically polarized L1B retrievals. These SIR files were also used to generate a complimentary dataset of GIF images representing the daily averaged Sigma-0, which is meant for browse purposes only and available here: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_GLOBAL_RECTANGULAR_BROWSE_IMAGES. An expanded version of this dataset includes the full daily Sigma-0 statistcs: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_BYU_L3_OW_SIGMA0_GLOBAL_RECTANGULAR_BROWSE_MAPS_FULL. This dataset is generated by the Scatterometer Climate Record Pathfinder (SCP) project at BYU.
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 3 Sigma-0 Global Rectangular Browse Maps (Reduced)
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, Daily, and Daily time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the Daily, ascending ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Ascending Daily Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Ascending Daily Data V5.0
This dataset contains along track geo-referenced Sea Surface Height Anomalies (SSHA) from TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, OSTM/Jason-2 and Jason-3 (depending on time period) merged into a single mean reference orbit. All biases and cross-calibrations have been applied to the data so SSHA are consistent between satellites to form a single climate data record. Altimeter data from the multi-mission Geophysical Data Records (GDRs) are interpolated to a common reference orbit facilitating direct time series analysis of the geo-referenced SSH. However this product does not use the TOPEX internal calibration-mode range correction. This is the main difference between version 4 and version 4.2. More information on this calibration can be found at Beckley et al. 2017 DOI 10.1002/2017JC013090. The data are in netCDF format. Each file consists of one cycle of data, which is approximately 10 days long. Cycle 001 coincides with cycle 001 of TOPEX/Poseidon (September 25-October 3, 1992).
Integrated Multi-Mission Ocean Altimeter Data for Climate Research
MERGED_TP_J1_OSTM_OST_CYCLES_V42
Integrated Multi-Mission Ocean Altimeter Data for Climate Research Version 4.2
Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, seasonal, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the Monthly, descending ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Data V5.0
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on an operational basis at the UK Met Office using optimal interpolation (OI) on a global 0.054 degree grid. The Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA) analysis uses satellite data from sensors that include the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR), the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSRE), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager (TMI), and in situ data from drifting and moored buoys. This analysis has a highly smoothed SST field and was specifically produced to support SST data assimilation into Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models.
2006-03-03. J D Stark: Original; 2007-06-12. J D Stark: Updated restrictions and URL; 2007-06-16. E. Armstrong: Formatting changes
OSTIA L4 SST Analysis
This dataset is a time series of mass variability averaged over all of Greenland. It provides the ice mass changes of Greenland over time. The mass variability are derived from JPL GRACE Mascon Ocean, Ice, and Hydrology Equivalent Water Height RL06Mv2 CRI Filtered Version 2, which can be found at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/TELLUS_GRAC-GRFO_MASCON_CRI_GRID_RL06_V2. A more detailed description on the Mascon solution, including the mathematical derivation, implementation of geophysical constraints, and solution validation, please see Watkins et al., 2015, doi: 10.1002/2014JB011547. The mass variability are provided as an ASCII table.
Tellus Level-4 Greenland Mass Anomaly
GREENLAND_MASS_TELLUS_MASCON_CRI_TIME_SERIES_RL06_V2
Tellus Level-4 Greenland Mass Anomaly Time Series from JPL GRACE/GRACE-FO Mascon CRI Filtered Release 06 version 02
This dataset contains operational near-real-time Level 2 coastal ocean surface wind vector retrievals from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) on MetOp-B at 12.5 km sampling resolution (note: the effective resolution is 25 km). It is a product of the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) provided through the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). This coastal dataset differs from the standard 12.5 and 25 km datasets in that it utilizes a spatial box filter (rather than the Hamming filter) to generate a spatial average of the Sigma-0 retrievals from the Level 1B dataset; all full resolution Sigma-0 retrievals within a 15 km radius of the wind vector cell centroid are used in the averaging. Since the full resolution L1B Sigma-0 retrievals are used, all non-sea retrievals are discarded prior to the Sigma-0 averaging. Each box average Sigma-0 is then used to compute the wind vector cell using the same CMOD5.n geophysical model function as in the standard OSI SAF ASCAT wind vector datasets. With this enhanced coastal retrieval, winds can be computed as close to ~15 km from the coast, as compared to the static ~35 km land mask in the standard 12.5 km dataset. Each file is provided in netCDF version 3 format, and contains one full orbit derived from 3-minute orbit granules. Latency is approximately 2 hours from the latest measurement. The beginning of the orbit is defined by the first wind vector cell measurement within the first 3-minute orbit granule that starts north of the Equator in the ascending node. ASCAT is a C-band dual swath fan beam radar scatterometer providing two independent swaths of backscatter retrievals in sun-synchronous polar orbit aboard the MetOp-B platform. For more information on the MetOp-B mission, please visit: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/OceanWind/MetOp . For more timely announcements, users are encouraged to register with the KNMI scatterometer email list: scat@knmi.nl. Users are also highly advised to check the dataset user guide periodically for updates and new information on known problems and issues. All intellectual property rights of the OSI SAF products belong to EUMETSAT. The use of these products is granted to every interested user, free of charge. If you wish to use these products, EUMETSAT's copyright credit must be shown by displaying the words "copyright (year) EUMETSAT" on each of the products used.
MetOp-B ASCAT Level 2 Ocean Surface Wind Vectors Optimized for Coastal Ocean
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is a NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project is comprised of two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. An underway-CTD (uCTD) is a towed profiling CTD instrument providing salinity and temperature observations from the surface to 500m while underway at up to 12 kts. A total of 262 and 501 uCTD casts were performed during the first and second Revelle cruises respectively. uCTD data files (1 per cruise) are in netCDF format and each contain the observational data for multiple deployments, binned in 6 or 8m depth intervals.
SPURS-2 research vessel Underway CTD (uCTD) data for the E. Tropical Pacific R/V Revelle cruises
The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) was launched on 18 May 2012, onboard the Global Change Observation Mission - Water (GCOM-W) satellite developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The GCOM-W mission aims to establish the global and long-term observation system to collect data, which is needed to understand mechanisms of climate and water cycle variations, and demonstrate its utilization. AMSR2 onboard the first generation of the GCOM-W satellite will continue Aqua/AMSR-E observations of water vapor, cloud liquid water, precipitation, SST, sea surface wind speed, sea ice concentration, snow depth, and soil moisture. AMSR2 is a remote sensing instrument for measuring weak microwave emission from the surface and the atmosphere of the Earth. From about 700 km above the Earth, AMSR2 will provide us highly accurate measurements of the intensity of microwave emission and scattering. The antenna of AMSR2 rotates once per 1.5 seconds and obtains data over a 1450 km swath. This conical scan mechanism enables AMSR2 to acquire a set of daytime and nighttime data with more than 99% coverage of the Earth every 2 days. Remote Sensing Systems (RSS, or REMSS), providers of these SST data for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Project, performs a detailed processing of AMSR2 instrument data in two stages. The first stage produces a near-real-time (NRT) product (identified by "_rt_" within the file name) which is made as available as soon as possible. This is generally within 3 hours of when the data are recorded. Although suitable for many timely uses the NRT products are not intended to be archive quality. "Final" data (currently identified by "v7.2" within the file name) are processed when RSS receives the atmospheric model National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Final Analysis (FNL) Operational Global Analysis. The NCEP wind directions are particularly useful for retrieving more accurate SSTs and wind speeds. This dataset adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.
GHRSST Level 2P Global Subskin Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 on the GCOM-W satellite
AMSR2 geolocated L2 swath SST data set
GHRSST Level 2P Global Subskin Sea Surface Temperature version 8a from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 on the GCOM-W satellite
FOR EXPERT USE ONLY. This dataset contains estimates of geopotential field derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission measurements and a non-tidal oceanic model produced by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The data are in spherical harmonics averaged over approximately a month. The primary objective of the GRACE mission is to obtain accurate estimates of the mean and time-variable components of the gravity field variations. This objective is achieved by making continuous measurements of the change in distance between twin spacecraft, co-orbiting in about 500 km altitude, near circular, polar orbit, spaced approximately 200 km apart, using a microwave ranging system. In addition to these range change, the non-gravitional forces are measured on each satellite using a high accuracy electrostatic, room-temperature accelerometer. The satellite orientation and position (and timing) are precisely measured using twin star cameras and a GPS receiver, respectively. Spatial and temporal variations in the gravity field affect the orbits (or trajectories) of the twin spacecraft differently. These differences are manifested as changes in the distance between the spacecraft, as they orbit the Earth. This change in distance is reflected in the time-of-flight of microwave signals transmitted and received nearly simultaneously between the two spacecraft. The change in this time of fight is continuously measured by tracking the phase of the microwave carrier signals. The so called dual-one-way range change measurements can be reconstructed from these phase measurements. This range change (or its numerically derived derivatives), along with other mission and ancillary data, is subsequently analyzed to extract the parameters of an Earth gravity field model.
GRACE Non-Tidal Ocean Geopotential Coefficients JPL (GAB)
GRACE_GAB_L2_GRAV_JPL_RL06
GRACE NON-TIDAL OCEAN GEOPOTENTIAL COEFFICIENTS JPL RELEASE 6.0 GAB
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged overdaily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the 7-Day rain-flagged rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the Daily, Ascending sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Ascending Daily Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Ascending Daily Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface spiciness standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution spice data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the Monthly, Descending sea surface spiciness product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Spiciness Standard Mapped Image Descending Monthly Data V5.0
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on an operational basis at the Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO) using optimal interpolation (OI) on a global 0.054 degree grid. The Geo-Polar Blended Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Analysis combines multi-satellite retrievals of sea surface temperature into a single analysis of SST. This analysis uses both daytime and nighttime data from sensors that include the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imager, the Japanese Advanced Meteorological Imager (JAMI) and in situ data from ships, drifting and moored buoys. This analysis was specifically produced to be used as a lower boundary condition in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. This dataset adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.
GHRSST Level 4 OSPO Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis (GDS version 2)
This dataset contains the geo-located Sigma-0 measurements and antenna pulse "egg" and "slice" geometries as derived from ephemeris and the Level 1A dataset. The pulse "egg" represents the complete footprint of the pulse, which has a spatial geometry of approximately 25 km by 35 km. There are 8 slices that constitute the range-binned components of a pulse each of which has a spatial geometry of approximately 25 km by 7 km. The orientation of the long dimension of the slices varies with the rotation of the antenna and thus does not align with the along/across track orientation of the wind vector grid in the L2B/L2A products. Data are provided in single-orbit files in HDF-4 format. RapidScat is a Ku-band dual beam circular rotating scatterometer retaining much of the same hardware and functionality of QuikSCAT, with exception of the antenna sub-system and digital interface to the International Space Station (ISS) Columbus module, which is where RapidScat is mounted. The NASA mission is officially referred to as ISS-RapidScat. Unlike QuikSCAT, ISS-RapidScat is not in sun-synchronous orbit, and flies at roughly half the altitude with a low inclination angle that restricts data coverage to the tropics and mid-latitude regions; the extent of latitudinal coverage stretches from approximately 61 degrees North to 61 degrees South. Furthermore, there is no consistent local time of day retrieval. Caution: this dataset is intended for expert use only. If you must use RapidScat Sigma-0 data but you are unsure about how to use the L1B data record, please consider using either of the following L2A datasets: 1) http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/RSCAT_L2A_12KM_V1.1 or 2) http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/RSCAT_L2A_25KM_V1.1.
RapidScat Level 1B Time-Ordered Geo-Located Sigma-0 Version 1.1
Day and night spatially gridded (L3) global NASA skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Average daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual skin SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. To generate the L3 products the L2 pixels are binned into an integerized sinusoidal area grid (ISEAG) and mapped into an equidistant cylindrical (also known as Platte Carre) projection. Additional projection detailed can be found at https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/format/The NASA MODIS L3 SST data products are generated by the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) Peter Minnett and his team at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) are responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging. JPL acquires and distributes MODIS ocean L3 SST data from the OBPG as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019 superseded the previous v2014.1 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/MODST-1D4D4
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Daily 4km Daytime V2019.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution derived density averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the 28-Day running mean, sea surface densityproduct for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image 28-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image 28-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
This dataset is designed to compliment the SeaWinds on ADEOS-II Level 2B dataset by providing ocean surface wind vectors in 25 km wind vector cell (WVC) swaths with AMSR corrections and precipitation rates. This dataset also includes parameters to estimate the impact of rain upon wind speed and direction. Wind vectors are accurate to within 2 m/s (vector speed) and 20 degrees (vector direction). Rain flags are provided for each wind vector cell to assist in identifying potential rain contamination. An ASCII inline quality report (Q2B) has been generated for each L2B file; each Q2B file provides statistics of various quality elements pertaining to the processing of a specific L2B file. This product utilizes JPL's most up-to-date calibration, validation, and science data processing from the QSCAT-1/F13 geophysical model function, adopted in July of 2006.
SeaWinds on ADEOS-II Level 2B Ocean Wind Vectors with AMSR Corrections in 25 Km Swath Grid
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the 7-Day wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image 7-Day Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales.This particular data set is the Daily sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Daily Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Daily Data V5.0
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, thermal-IR SST level 3, 9km, monthly, nighttime product.
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Monthly 9km Nighttime v2014.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonaltime scales. This particular data set is the 28-Day running mean, Descending rain-flagged rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending 28-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Descending 28-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface density standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution density data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the seasonal climatology, Descending seasurface density product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. Surface density estimates are based on TEOS-10 and derived using retrieved salinity from Aquarius and collocated ancillary SST (Reynolds OI 0.25 degree product). The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Climatology Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Sea Surface Density Standard Mapped Image Descending Seasonal Climatology Data V5.0
The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) on board the NASA Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, launched in 1999 and 2002 respectively to study global dynamics of the Earths atmosphere, land, ice and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 um to 14.4 um and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km), providing complete global coverage of the Earth every 1 to 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua platforms are in sun synchronous, near polar (98 degree) orbits at 705 km altitude but with a descending local equatorial crossing time of 10:30am in the case of Terra and a 1:30pm ascending crossing time for Aqua. MODIS Terra Global Level 3 Mapped Thermal SST products consists of sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from the 11 and 12 um thermal IR infrared (IR) bands (MODIS channels 31 and 32). Daily, weekly (8 day), monthly and annual MODIS SST products are available at both 4.63 and 9.26 km spatial resolution and for both daytime and nighttime passes. This particular dataset is the MODIS Terra, thermal-IR SST level 3, 4km, annual, daytime product.
MODIS Terra Level 3 SST Thermal IR Annual 4km Daytime v2014.0
This dataset has been superseded by Version 3: http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/QSCAT_LEVEL_2B_OWV_COMP_12 . This QuikSCAT Level 2B dataset contains science-quality ocean surface wind vector retrievals from the NASA SeaWinds scatterometer. The Version 2 L2B data continues to be openly distributed to allow sufficient time for community acceptance of the Version 3 dataset. The retrievals are provided on a non-uniform grid within the swath at 12.5 km pixel resolution. Higher resolution is achieved through a slice composite technique in which high resolution slice measurements from L1B data are composited into a 12.5 km wind vector cell. The increased sampling resolution enables users to obtain wind vectors 10 km closer to shore when compared to the 25 km L2B dataset. Each L2B file corresponds to a specific orbital revolution (rev) number, which begins at the southernmost point of the ascending orbit. An ASCII inline quality report (Q2B) has been generated for each L2B file; each Q2B file provides statistics of various quality elements pertaining to the processing of a specific L2B file. These wind vector retrievals have been processed using the QSCAT-1 geophysical model function. This is the official dataset produced by the QuikSCAT Project through the SeaWinds Processing and Analysis Center (SeaPAC). The SeaWinds instrument is a conical scanning pencil-beam radar, with dual-beam and dual-polarization capability, operating at Ku-band to provide all-weather ocean surface wind vector retrievals. For more information on the QuikSCAT platform and mission, please visit http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/OceanWind/QuikSCAT .
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT L2B Ocean Wind Vectors in 12.5km Slice Composites
Aquarius Level 3 sea surface salinity (SSS) rain-flagged standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution SSS averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal timescales. This particular data set is the Monthly, Ascending rain-flagged rain-flagged sea surface salinity product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Rain-flagged Sea Surface Salinity Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Data V5.0
The GRACE Atmosphere and Ocean De-aliasing dataset contains spherical harmonic coefficients of combined barotropic or baroclinic sea level and vertical integrated pressure variations at 6-hour sample rate. It is used as a correction product for the Level 2 GRACE datasets.
GRACE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN DE-ALIASING GFZ
GRACE_AOD1B_GRAV_GFZ_RL06
GRACE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN DE-ALIASING GFZ RELEASE 6.0
A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset for the North Atlantic Region (NAR) from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-19 platform (launched 6 Feb 2009). This particular dataset is produced by the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) in France. The AVHRR is a space-borne scanning sensor on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) family of Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) having a operational legacy that traces back to the Television Infrared Observation Satellite-N (TIROS-N) launched in 1978. AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micrometer) and near-infrared (0.9 micrometer) regions, the third one is located around 3.5 micrometer, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micrometers, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micrometer. Typically the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive sea surface temperature (SST) sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The highest ground resolution that can be obtained from the current AVHRR instruments is 1.1 km at nadir. The NOAA-19 platform is sun synchronous generally viewing the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent) due to the relatively large AVHRR swath of approximately 2400 km. The NAR products are SST fields derived from 1km AVHRR data that are re-mapped onto a 0.02 degree equal angle grid. In the processing chain, global AVHRR level 1b data are acquired at Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system. A cloud mask is applied and SST is retrieved from the AVHRR infrared (IR) channels by using a multispectral technique. This dataset adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.
GHRSST Level 3C North Atlantic Regional Subskin Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on NOAA-19 (GDS2 version)
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is an oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-1 campaign involved a series of 5 cruises during 2012 - 2013 seeking to characterize the salinity structure and balance in a high salinity, high evaporation, and low rainfall region of the subtropical North Atlantic. It aims to resolve processes responsible for maintaining the subtropical surface salinity maximum in this region and within a 900 x 800-mile square study area centered at 25N, 38W. Two PICO moorings (PICO-1000, PICO-3000) were deployed on the Knorr cruise in September 2012 in the northern and eastern SPURS-1 domain quadrants at N24.74, W37.95 and N24.51, W37.81 respectively. The moorings contained a surface meteorological package and a "prawler", a CTD that crawls up and down the mooring line from the near-surface down to about 500m, yielding time series of salinity and temperature profile data at fixed locations. The moorings were recovered on the Endeavor-2 cruise. PICO mooring netCDF files contain georeferenced CTD profile data including salinity, temperature, potential temperature, pressure, depth, meteorological variables, GPS-Lat/Lon, and profile ID.
PICO Mooring data for the SPURS-1 N. Atlantic field campaign
SPURS-1 Field Campaign Pico Mooring Data Products
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is the28-Day running mean, Descending wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Descending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Descending 28-Day Running Mean Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Descending 28-Day Running Mean Data V5.0
FOR EXPERT USE ONLY. This dataset contains estimates of geopotential field derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission measurements and a non-tidal oceanic and atmospheric model produced by the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ). The data are in spherical harmonics averaged over approximately a month. The primary objective of the GRACE mission is to obtain accurate estimates of the mean and time-variable components of the gravity field variations. This objective is achieved by making continuous measurements of the change in distance between twin spacecraft, co-orbiting in about 500 km altitude, near circular, polar orbit, spaced approximately 200 km apart, using a microwave ranging system. In addition to these range change, the non-gravitional forces are measured on each satellite using a high accuracy electrostatic, room-temperature accelerometer. The satellite orientation and position (and timing) are precisely measured using twin star cameras and a GPS receiver, respectively. Spatial and temporal variations in the gravity field affect the orbits (or trajectories) of the twin spacecraft differently. These differences are manifested as changes in the distance between the spacecraft, as they orbit the Earth. This change in distance is reflected in the time-of-flight of microwave signals transmitted and received nearly simultaneously between the two spacecraft. The change in this time of fight is continuously measured by tracking the phase of the microwave carrier signals. The so called dual-one-way range change measurements can be reconstructed from these phase measurements. This range change (or its numerically derived derivatives), along with other mission and ancillary data, is subsequently analyzed to extract the parameters of an Earth gravity field model.
GRACE NON-TIDAL ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN GEOPOTENTIAL COEFFICIENTS GFZ (GAC)
GRACE_GAC_L2_GRAV_GFZ_RL06
GRACE NON-TIDAL ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN GEOPOTENTIAL COEFFICIENTS GFZ RELEASE 6.0 GAC
This dataset contains images of daily averaged ocean surface wind vectors derived from the gridded Level 3 QuikSCAT ocean surface wind vector dataset. These images are provided in GIF format at 900x600 pixel resolution. Vector arrows are colored according to wind speed, and a color bar is available to estimate the wind speed. The arrow is directionally oriented with the flow direction of the 10 m ocean surface wind velocity retrievals derived from the NASA SeaWinds scatterometer aboard the QuikSCAT satellite platform. For more information on the QuikSCAT platform and mission, please visit http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/OceanWind/QuikSCAT . Disclaimer: this dataset is meant for quick-look purposes only and is not intended for science-quality research applications.
Dataset Policy created for QSCAT_L3_OW_JPL_BROWSE_IMAGES
SeaWinds on QuikSCAT Level 3 Daily Gridded 0.25 Degree Browse Images
Aquarius Level 3 ocean surface wind speed standard mapped image data contains gridded 1 degree spatial resolution wind speed data averaged over daily, 7 day, monthly, and seasonal time scales. This particular data set is theMonthly, Ascending wind speed product for version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission. Only retrieved values for Ascending passes have been used to create this product. The Aquarius instrument is onboard the AQUARIUS/SAC-D satellite, a collaborative effort between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE). The instrument consists of three radiometers in push broom alignment at incidence angles of 29, 38, and 46 degrees incidence angles relative to the shadow side of the orbit. Footprints for the beams are: 76 km (along-track) x 94 km (cross-track), 84 km x 120 km and 96km x 156 km, yielding a total cross-track swath of 370 km. The radiometers measure brightness temperature at 1.413 GHz in their respective horizontal and vertical polarizations (TH and TV). A scatterometer operating at 1.26 GHz measures ocean backscatter in each footprint that is used for surface roughness corrections in the estimation of salinity. The scatterometer has an approximate 390km swath.
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Data
Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Wind Speed Standard Mapped Image Ascending Monthly Data V5.0
Launched in March 2002 by the European Space Agency (ESA), Envisat is the largest Earth Observation spacecraft ever built. It carries ten sophisticated optical and radar instruments to provide continuous observation and monitoring of the Earth's land, atmosphere, oceans and ice caps. The Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) onboard the Envisat spacecraft is designed to meet the challenging task of monitoring and detecting the climate change signal of sea surface temperature (SST). It builds on the success of its predecessor instruments on the European Remote-Sensing Satellite (ERS)-1, and ERS-2 satellites, and will lead to a multi-decade record of precise and accurate global SST measurements, thereby making a valuable contribution to the long-term climate record. The exceptionally high radiometric accuracy and stability of AATSR data are achieved through a number of unique features. A comprehensive pre-launch calibration programme, combined with continuous in-flight calibration, ensures that the data are continually corrected for sensor drift and degradation. A "dual-view" algorithm offering improved atmospheric correction by applying two different atmospheric path lengths is used to derive the SSTskin observations. The accuracies achieved with this configuration are further enhanced by using low-noise infrared detectors, cooled to their optimum operating temperature by a pair of Stirling-cycle coolers. With its high-accuracy, high-quality imagery and channels in the visible, near-infrared and thermal wavelengths, AATSR data will support many applications in addition to oceanographic and climate research, including a wide range of land-surface, cryosphere and atmospheric studies. See Llewellyn-Jones et al (2001) ESA bulletin 105, Feb 2001 for a full description. These AATSR L2P SST data are produced as part of the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Project according to the GHRSST-PP Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 1.5. This particular GHRSST AATSR dataset is produced by the UK Processing and Archiving (UPA) Centre Regional Data Assembly Facility (RDAC) for ESA since mid-2008. From the perspective of data format and quality it is identical to the L2P AATSR Medspiration (EUR) RDAC dataset produced earlier in the GHRSST Project.
2009-04-30. S. Hardman: The majority of dataset policy was inherited from EUR-L2P-ATS_NR_2P.
United Kingdom Multi-Mission Processing and Archiving Facility (UK-MM-PAF), Europa House, The Crescent, Southwood, Farnborough, Hampshire, GU14 0NL, United Kingdom
UK-MM-PAF on behalf of ESA
UK-MM-PAF, Farnborough, Hants, United Kingdom
GHRSST Level 2P Global Skin Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) on the ESA Envisat satellite produced by UPA
ENVISAT AATSR full resolution dual-view geolocated L2 swath SSTskin data set in GHRSST L2P format
European Space Agency (ESA). ESRIN, Frascati Italy see http://www.esa.int
None (ESA category-1 data agreement is required to access full ENVISAT AATSR data products)
The Global Lake/Reservoir Surface Inland Water Height Time Series is derived from the G-REALM10 lake level product https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/cropexplorer/global_reservoir/ The purpose of this dataset is to provide surface water dynamics for several hundred lakes and reservoirs across the globe. These time series potentially span a 25 year time period, from late 1992 to 2017, satisfying the project goal of ESDR creation with a suitable level of quality that supports long-term trend analysis and global water dynamics models. Water level variation is also a key component required for the determination of surface water storages and fluxes. This product is readily accessible and is of direct use to both water managers and the scientific community worldwide, and allows for improved assessment and modeling of the human impact on the global water cycle. These pre SWOT data are derived from satellites to provide hydrological measurements. The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will have hydrology as one of its objectives. This dataset does not have the same variables as SWOT, but does provide hydrological measurements with typical quality flagging typical of satellite data. Not only does it provide science information, it can also assist hydrological users new to satellite data with the satellite data formats and variables before SWOT launches.
Birkett, Charon; Ricko, Martina; Yang, Xu
Pre SWOT Hydrology Global Lake/Reservoir Height
PRESWOT_HYDRO_L2_GREALM_LAKE_HEIGHT_V2
Pre SWOT Hydrology Global Lake/Reservoir Surface Inland Water Height GREALM V.2
CSR TELLUS GRACE Level-3 Monthly Land Water-Equivalent-Thickness Surface-Mass Anomaly Release 6.0 in netCDF/ASCII/Geotiff Formats
TELLUS_GRAC_L3_CSR_RL06_LND_v03
CSR TELLUS GRACE Level-3 Monthly Land Water-Equivalent-Thickness Surface Mass Anomaly Release 6.0 version 03 in netCDF/ASCII/GeoTIFF Formats
GFZ TELLUS GRACE-FO Level-3 Monthly Land Water-Equivalent-Thickness
TELLUS_GRFO_L3_GFZ_RL06_LND_v03
GFZ TELLUS GRACE-FO Level-3 Monthly Land Water-Equivalent-Thickness Surface Mass Anomaly Release 6.0 version 03 in netCDF/ASCII/GeoTIFF Formats